Objective To apply apriori algorithm to mine the gene expression profiles will produce a huge number of association rules.A new approach to organize the mined association rules on the modularized gene functional category level is proposed.Methods The association rules containing the genes frequently appearing in the head parts of all the association rules were selected and grouped together.The gene functional categories,which were non-randomly enriched with the genes in the body parts of each grouped association rules,were found with statistical test and were used to form the body parts of the functional modular level association rules.Results By applying this new method to NCI60 data set,some cancer associated genes and their related functional category level expression association rules were discovered.Conclusion Gene expression profiles of diseases can be efficiently mined by association rules on the modularized gene functional category level.

Objective To survey the application of diagnosis and implementation of treatment guidelines of cerebrovascular disease( CAD)combined community acquired pneumonia( CAP)in the community of Shenyang. Methods Randomly chose 7 hospitals in different levels in districts and counties of Shenyang,and made a retrospective survey on the treatments of CAD combined CAP from Oct. 2009 to Jun. 2012 to clear the implementation. Meanwhile,the collected cases were divided into in compliance with guidelines group and non compliance with guidelines group. The information including clinical stable time,length of hospital stay,efficient treatment,empiric therapy and prognosis with the help of guidelines were collected. Results Four hundred and eighty-eight cases were qualified from collected 532 cases,in which,38. 5% initial diagnosis and treatment was accord with the guidelines formulated by the Respiratory Branch of Chinese Medical Association. The efficiency of initial empirical treatment was 84. 5%. The clinical stable time in compliance with guidelines group was (5. 00 ± 0. 27)d,better than that in non compliance with guidelines group((8. 00 ± 0. 45)d;P=0. 021). The length of hospital stay was(11. 00 ± 0. 25)d in compliance with guidelines group,significantly less than that in non compliance with guidelines group(( 14. 00 ± 0. 53 ) d;P =0. 015 ). The effective rate of patients with respiratory failure in compliance with guidelines group was 90. 9%,higher than non compliance with guidelines group(58. 6%),and the difference was significant(P=0. 026),while there were no significant differences in terms of gender,heart and lung diseases. Conclusion There is the smaller patient proportion that diagnosed and cured in accordance with the guidelines formulated by the Respiratory Branch of Chinese Medical Association. It is no distinctive difference for the efficient treatment of guidelines. But selected antibiotic application according to the guidelines can improve the clinical stable time and hospital stay of CAD combined CAP,as well as reduce invalid cases and reduce the mortality rate. The guidelines need to be further extended.

[Objective]To investigate imaginological evidences of hyperxtensive injury of cervical spine and to evaluate its use in clinics.[Method]Seventy-eight patients with hyperextension injury at cervical spine by different cause were estimated by radiograph、CT and MRI.Fifty-seven cases(73.1%) appeared with widen of soft tissue of anteriorspine,including focal type(17.5%) and diffused type(82.5%). Thirty-six cases showed avulsion fracture of anterior edge in the cervical spine. Sixty-three cases showed degeneration and developmental spinal stenosis,twenty-one cases appeared integral vertebral canal. No contrast CT scan showed osteophyte of thirty-seven cases and intervertebral discs degeneration and protrusion of twenty-one cases.Sixty-one cases(78.2%) with both disc and anterior-longitudinal-ligament injury showed by MRI,fifty-seven cases showed haematoma and oedema at the anterior of the vertebral body. Sixty-four cases accompanied with different spinal cord injury.[Result]Obvious imaging feature for hyperextension injury of cervical spine,including anterior longitudinal ligament,intervertebral disc and spinal cord were found.There exists good relationship between spinal cord injury and imaging appearance. Clinically it showed typical central syndrome,but mostly showed us neuron-functional disturbance of different degree.[Conclusion]Combining of imaginological apperarance including radiograph,CT,MRI can provide evidences for diagnosis of hyperextension and help to treat acute hyperextension cervical injury.

The cGAS-STING pathway plays a significant role in host defense against viral and bacterial infection.In the process,the cytoplasmic free DNA,considered as a danger signal,is recognized by nucleotidyl transferase cGAS.cGAS is activated by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and catalyzes the synthesis of a noncanonical cyclic dinucleotide 2'5'-cGAMP from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and guanosine triphosphate (GTP).cGAMP serve as an endogenous second messenger to stimulate the induction of type Ⅰ interferons via STING.In addition to the exogenous bacterial or viral DNA,abnormal deposition of host DNA in cytosol also activates the cGAS-STING signaling pathway cascade,resulting in inflammation and autoimmune diseases.Subsequent studies found that this pathway also plays an important role in tumor's responsiveness to radio-therapy and chemo-therapy.Activation of cGAS-STING pathway produces or enhances the therapeutic efficacy.These findings suggest that specifically interfering with cGAS-STING activation may hold therapeutic value for the treatment of cancer,infection and inflammatory diseases.In this paper,the activation mechanism of cGAS-STING pathway and its relationship with the treatment of diseases were summarized,and the regulation of cGAS-STING pathway was introduced in detail.

Objective To study the relationship between the IgG antibody titer, the concentration of IgG subclasses in group O maternal sera and hemolytic disease of newborn. Methods By means of blood group serology assay, IgG antibody titers in 317 pregnant women who had incompatible blood group with their husbands was measured. The concentration of IgG subclasses were measured in HDN infants and their mothers, healthy pregnant women and healthy infants by ELISA. Results 1) Among 317 maternal sera, 153 cases (48.3%) were found to have IgG antibody titers higher than 1∶64, with anti-A and anti-B in 89 and 64 cases, respectively. Seventy-one (22.4%) newborns suffered from ABO-HDN, with 46 anti-A and 25 anti-B; 2) With increased numbers of pregnancy, the proportions women with greater than 1∶64 IgG antibody increased, and there was significant difference between those with one pregnancy and those with more than one pregnancies; 3) The levels of IgG antibody in HDN infants and their mothers were higher than those in control group, and IgG1 was the predominant subclass. Meanwhile, the proportion of IgG1 in infants was higher than in pregnant women. Conclusion To some couples of ABO incompatibility, IgG antibody titer and IgG subclasses should be tested in pregnant women. The incidence of HDN increases with increased antibody titers. The severity of HDN correlates positively with the concentration of IgG1 in maternal sera.

Coats disease,known as the outer exudative retinopathy,is a kind of disease characterized by retinal capillaries expansion and microvascular abnormalities,often accompanied by retinal or subretinal exudation and lipids exudative retinal detachment.Neovascular glaucoma and ocular atrophy often occur in the late time.Coats disease is significant diversity in clinical presentation and morphology.For nearly a century,with the development of understanding of the disease,vireoretinal specialists have a new view on diagnosis and treatment of it.This article reviews the recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of Coats disease.

[Objective]To observe the histomorphology and ultrastructure of the intervertebral disc(I D) in the rat model with cervical vertebral unbalance of dynamic and static force.[Method]Sixty SD rates were randomly divided into 4 groups: 3 months,5 months,7 months and the control group.The cervical I D degeneration model was made by destroying the neck muscle of rats and the tissues wer collected every month.The number,area and thickness of the cartilage end-plate were measured by the means of Miyamoto's Classes.The ultrastructure of the apoptosis cells of the intervertebral disc was observed under the electron microscope.[Result]Compared with the control group,the 3 months group showed degeneratin changes,with disordered structure of the annular fibrosis and thickness increase of calcification layer and decrease of blood vessel unmber in the cartilage layer.Complete fibrosis was found in nucleus pulposus in 5 months model group,with the fibro lamellar structure disappeared and few blood vessel buds.The features of 7 months model group was similar to 5 months and osteophyma had been formed near the bordr of part intervertebal.Under the electron microscope,the number of surface projection and organelles was decreased.Fatty drop and apoptotic body could be seen in disc cells of 3 month model group.Few cells,broken collagen fibers in ECM and more cavitation cells for necrosis in 5 months and 7months model groups could be seen.[Conclusion]The cervical I D of model groups has shown typical morphological changes of degeneration and this trend was more serious with the time passing.In the early and middle stage of degeneration,the apoptosis cells can be seen,but in the terminal stage the cellular necrosis was more common.

Objective To development a cooling crystallization process that is suitable for industrial preparation of purified dihydromyricetin.Methods Screen design was used to investigate effects of process parameters such as,temperature,concentration ethanol aqueous,quantity of activated charcoal and adsorption time on yield and purity of dihydromyricetin.Purity was verified by high performance liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography.The solubility of dihydromyricetin in water at viable temperature and ethanol proportion was also determined by UV spectrophotometry.The solid form was characterized by thermal analysis and powder X-ray diffractometry.Results When temperature was ＞ 85 ℃,ethanol concentration ＜ 10％,dosage of activated charcoal 0.1％-0.3％,and adsorption time 1-3 min,yield of dihydromyricetin was more than 70％,and the purity greater than 98％.The crystals,prepared by cooling crystallization from water and ethanol aqueous,had the same physical form and crystal habit.Conclusion Cooling crystallization from low concentration of ethanol aqueous gets higher yield and the process is more robust than crystallization from water.

Objective To discuss CT and MRI manifestations and the differential diagnosis of hepatic tuberculosis.Methods The imaging manifestations of hepatic tuberculosis proved by pathology in 2 cases were analyzed retrospectively with literatures review.The plain and contrast-enhanced CT scans were performed in 2 cases and 1 case underwent plain MRI.Results On plain CT scan,the lesion was non-homogeneous low density with even more low density in the center in 1 case,and nearly isodensity in another case.On contrast-enhanced CT scan,the lesions were no enhancement in arterial phases,and slight enhancement in venous phase and balance phase.In 1 case,slight enhancement was also shown surrounding the necrotic area.On MR plain scan,the lesion demonstrated low signal intensity on T_1WI,iso-and high mixed signal intensity on T_2WI.Conclusion Hepatic tuberculosis is rare seen,so it is easy to misdiagnosis.CT and MRI scanning can demonstrate some features of hepatic tuberculosis,especially dynamic enhanced scanning is very helpful in diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Objective To explore the CT and MR imaging features and differential diagnosis of the prostate sarcoma.Methods CT and MRI findings of prostate sarcoma in 4 patients confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed with literature review.Results All cases underwent plain CT scan and one case underwent contrast-enhanced CT scan,MR imaging was performed in 2 cases.The prostates were increased obviously in volume,the average anterior-posterior diameter was 60.5 mm in all cases,lobulated heterogeneous low-density with lowest-density in the center and the tumors were undefinitive with surrouding structures in 3 cases,1 case showed oval homogeneous low-density with sharp margin on plain CT scan.On contrast-enhanced CT,the lesions appeared as heterogeneous enhancement in periphery of prostates and no enhanced at the centre.MRI showed heterogeneous hypo-signal intensity on T1WI and miscellaneous slight high-signal intensity at center and hyper-signal intensity at periphery on T2WI.Conclusion CT and MRI are the effective methods in diagnosing the prostatic sarcoma.