Carcino-embryonic antigen related cellular adhesion molecule 1(CEACAM1),used to be called CD66a, biliar glyeoprotein(BGP) or C-CAM,is a glucoprotein expressed on the surface of cells, a member of the carcino-embryonic antigen family(CEA) and an adhesion molecule of immunoglobulin superfamily. It is widely expressed on the epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells.CEACAM1 inhibits tumor growth and epithelial cell proliferation, induces apoptosis of epithelial cells, inhibits activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes, stimulates proliferation of B lymphocytes, inhibits the cytotoxic effects of T cells and NK cells, delays apoptosis of granulocytes and monocytes, inhibits the activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, stimulates invasion of tumor cells and motility of endothelial cells, promotes blood vessel angiogenesis, and modulates vascular remodeling, so it has many important biological functions.

Objective To analyze the changes of PAIgG, CD62P, CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+Tr,and IL-18 before and after treatment in peripheral blood of children with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) and investigate the function of these factors in the pathogenesis of ITP.Methods Forty-one cases of acute ITP children were divided into the effective group(35cases) and the ineffective group (6cases) according to the clinical treatment. To detect PAIgG,CD62P,and the number of Tr cells by using flow cytometry ,IL-18 plasma levels by ELISA assay,and analyze the variations of these indicators before and after treatment in children with acute ITP. Results In the effective treatment group, PAIgG, CD62P before treatment were 53.05%,(14.18±5.04 )%, which were significantly higher than that after treatment [18.62%, ( 8.36±1.95 )%] and control group[5.26%,(2.65±0.59) %,all P<0.01],and PAIgG,CD62P after treatment were also higher than that in control group [all P<0.05].IL-18,CD4 + T lymphocytes, Tr/CD4+T-lymphocyte ratios before treatment [415.47 ±38.92 ) ng/L,( 25.64 ± 5.81 )%,( 2.67 ± 0.14 )%]were significantly lower than that after treatment [(512.85±42. 17)ng/L,(35.08±6.07)% ,(4.76±0.58)%] and control group[(506. 39±32.28) ng/L,(35.32±2.27)% ,(5.37 ±0.69)% ,all P<0.01]. IL-18, CD4 +T lymphocytes, Tr/CD4 +T-lymphocyte ratios after treatmenthad no statistically significant difference compared with control group( all P<0.05 ). In ineffective group, the test results of PAIgG, CD62P, IL-18, CD4 +T lymphocytes, Tr/CD4+ T-lymphocyte ratios showed no significant change before and after treatment( all P<0.05 ).IL-18 had negative correlations with PAIgG,CD62P respectively before and after treatment(all P<0.05 ). Tr cells / CD4 + T had negative correlations with PAIgG,CD62P respectively (all P<0.05). Conclusions The amount of Tr, IL-18 were reduced, while CD62P and PAIgG increased in peripheral blood of children with acute ITP. IL-18, Tr , CD62P and PAIgG play important roles in the pathogenesis of acute ITP.

Objective To investigate the role of PPAR-γ in the gene expression of T-bet/GATA-3 in Jurkat T cells,and to explore the mechanisms underling this sensitizing effect of the change of TH cell subpopulation group.Methods Jurkat T cells were stimulated with PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone.TH cell related cytokine IFN-γ and IL-10 was detected by ELISA,and the expression of transcription factors(T-bet and GATA-3)mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.To prove the PPAR-γ-dependent effect.the PPAR-γ-specific antagonist GW9662 was used.Results Stimulated with agonist PPAR-γpioglitazone.the concentration of IFN-γ and IL-10 and the expression of transcription factor T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA were both significantlY decreased in Jurkat T cells obviously,and these actions were dependent on the time and the concentrations of pioglitazone.Added with antagonist GW9662 at the same time,such inhibitory actions of IFN-γ and T-bet expression were recovered.but not IL-10 and GATA-3.Conclusion Pioglitazone can inhibite T cells proliferation and their secretion of cytokines.Pioglitazone can inhibit TH1 cells from secreting cytokines,and it is a PPAR-γ-dependent effect related to T-bet.The inhibition on TH2 is not a PPAR-γ-dependent effect and it is GATA-3 related.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum osteopontin (OPN), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and renal function and bone mineral density in patients with diabetes nephropathy (DN).Methods:A total of 120 patients with DN diagnosed in the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the DN group, 60 patients with simple diabetes as the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) group, and 60 subjects with normal glucose tolerance test as the control group. The serum OPN, BMP2, RBP4, low bone mineral density (LBMD), femoral neck bone density (FNBMD) and renal function indicators of the three groups were compared. According to the urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) of DN patients, the patients were divided into microalbuminuria DN group (71 cases) and massive albuminuria DN group (49 cases), and stratified comparison was made. The simple linear correlation analysis was used to analyze the OPN of DN patients. BMP2, RBP4, renal function and bone mineral density.Results:The fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), serum creatinine (Scr), UAER, and cystatin (CysC) levels of DN group patients were significantly higher than those of T2DM group and control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05); The FPG and HbA 1c in the T2DM group were higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05); The OPN and BMP2 of DN group patients were higher than those of T2DM group and control group, while the RBP4, LBMD, FNBMD of DN group were lower than those of T2DM group and control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05); The OPN and BMP2 of the T2DM group were higher than those of the control group, while RBP4 was lower than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05); The levels of FPG, HbA 1c, Scr, UAER, and CysC in patients with macroalbuminuria DN were significantly higher than those in patients with microalbuminuria DN, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05); The OPN and BMP2 of patients in the large albuminuria DN group were higher than those in the microalbuminuria DN group, while the RBP4, LBMD, and FNBMD of patients in the large albuminuria DN group were lower than those in the microalbuminuria DN group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The OPN of DN group patients was positively correlated with Scr, UAER, and CysC (all P<0.05), while BMP2 was positively correlated with UAER and CysC (all P<0.05); The OPN and BMP2 of DN group patients were negatively correlated with LBMD and FNBMD (all P<0.05), while RBP4 was positively correlated with LBMD and FNBMD (all P<0.05). Conclusions:OPN, BMP2, RBP4 are closely related to the degree of renal function impairment and bone loss in DN patients, and can to some extent reflect the degree of bone metabolism and osteoporosis in T2DM patients.

One of the requirements for increasing the economic profitability on the large-scale production of second-generation ethanol and other bio-chemicals using lignocellulose biomass as raw materials is efficient hexose and pentose utilization. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the traditional ethanol producer, is an attractive chassis cell due to its robustness towards harsh environmental conditions and inherent advantages. But S. cerevisiae cannot utilize pentose. The precision construction of suitable strains for second-generation bio-ethanol production has been taken for more than three decades based on the principle of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology. The resulting strains have improved significantly co-fermentation of glucose and xylose. Recently, much attentions have been focused on sugar transport, which is one of the limiting but formerly ignored step for ethanol production from both glucose and xylose, to get the desired state that different sugars could efficiently delivered by their individual specific transporters. In this paper, the progress on sugar transporters of S. cerevisiae was reviewed, and the research status of xylose and/or L-arabinose metabolic engineering in S. cerevisiae were also presented.