The angle of tibial torsion is an inherent angle in human bodies.The angle has been to knew of clinical workers.But the research of mechanism for angle of tibial torsion and relationship with some disease still in initial stage.Recent years,the angle of tibial torsion has been noticed with the concept of torsionaldeform appearance.This paper summarizes measurement of the angle of tibial torsion andits advancement of correlated research.

Molecular imaging technologies are newly emerging subjects in recent years, which are the medical research hotspots today. Advances of several common molecular imaging technologies in the staging of non-small cell lung cancer were reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the value of spectral CT for the discrimination of benign and malignant lung lesions through multi-parameter quantitative measurement.Methods Eighty-one patients who had lung nodule or mass on X-ray or plain CT were scanned using spectral CT,generating iodine concentration,water concentration and 101 sets of monochromatic images.Iodine concentration,water concentration,spectrum energy curve and CT value at 40 keV were measured with spectral post-processing software.70 eligible patients were divided into pneumonia group and tumor group.ANOVA analysis was used for the statistic analysis in two groups.Results The iodine concentration in pneumonia group and tumor group were (1.47 ± 0.17) and (0.77 ± 0.19) g/L (F =203.97,P ＜ 0.05).The slope rates of spectrum energy curve in pneumonia group and tumor group were 1.65 ± 0.27 and 0.88 ± 0.22 (F =161.59,P ＜0.05).The CT values at 40 keV in pneumonia group and tumor group were (139.00 ± 16.25) and (83.29 ± 17.44) HU (F =160.45,P ＜ 0.05),there were significant differences in iodine concentration,slope rates and CT values at 40 keV between two groups.The water concentration in pneumonia group and tumor group were (1021.56 ± 11.68) and (1022.62 ±8.56) g/L (F=0.19,P＞0.05),there was no significant difference.Conclusion Spectral CT technique has very important value for the discrimination of benign and malignant lung lesions.

Objective To determine the capability of quantitative low attenuation areas volume percentage(LAA%)in individual lobes to assess pulmonary function loss and disease severity in pulmonary COPD patients.Methods A total of 80 subjects (50 COPD patients;30 normal smokers),who all were smokers,underwent pulmonary function tests(PFTs)and Chest CT examination at full inspiration.For the quantitative assessment,percentage of low attenuation areas were automatically calculated for each lobe by the post processing software(Thoracic VCAR).To study the correlation between these CT parameters and lung function(FEV1% pre-dicted,FEV1/FVC,DLCO%predicted,RV/TLC),univariate linear regression analysis was performed.CT measurements were compared between the five groups with analysis of covariance(ANCOVA).Results FEV1 and FEV1/FVC had significant correla-tions with all of these CT parameters.DLCO、RV/TLC had significant correlations with these parameters,aside from the LAA% of right middle lobe and right inferior lobe.The LAA% in left upper lobe have the highest correlation with FEV1、DLCO、RV/TLC. However,FEV1/FVC have the highest correlation with the LAA% of right lower lobe.The LAA% of Right lung,right upper lobe,and whole lung were significantly different between the non-COPD group and GOLD1 group.Conclusion Whole lung and every lung lobe low attenuation areas volume percentage were reflected the lung function impairment in COPD patients.

Objective To investigate carotid atherosclerosis and its relevant risk factors of ischemic cerebral apoplexy in high-risk population and to explore new modes of behavioral influencing factors based on health management platform.Methods Using the carotid ultrasound screening of personnel undergoing physical examination,the differences of the related risk factors were studied among 1 152 cases of carotid atherosclerosis with differ ent gender and different age and different disease periods.Results High-risk population between 40-49 years wasmainly focused on mild lesions,and the numbers of serious lesions increased significantly among people older than 70;male patients numbered 51 were significantly much more than the females numbered 21 (P＜0.01)during mild lesion period,there was no statistical significance between male numbered 36 and female numbered 29 during serious lesion period (P＞0.05).Setting mild and serious period respectively as the dependent variables,and hypertension,overweight,dyslipidemia,diabetes mellitus,smnoking,physical activity and atrial fibrillation as the independent variables to conduct logistic regression analysis,it showed that mild lesions were related to overweight,hypertension and dyslipidemia.The risk factors of serious lesion period included hypertension,overweight,diabetes mellitus,dyslipidemia,atrial fibrillation,smoking and lack of physical activity.The female detection rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia in female patients,which were 83.8％ and 44.1％ respectively,were higher than those in male patients,which were 67.6％ and 31.0％ respectively.The detection rates of smoking and arterial fibrillation in female patients,which were 0.7％ and 0.3％ respectively,were lower than those in male patients,which were 20.7％ and 1.0％ respectively.Conclusions Early detection of carotid atherosclerosis lesions and its relevant risk factors as soon as possible,and early intervention influencing factors to mild lesions to prevent the atherosclerosis from getting worse.A new model of zero level prevention can be developed to control of ischemic stroke based on health management platform.

0.05).[Conclusion]The technique of double-tunnel with double-bundle of TE for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) can improve the knee stability at the different flexion degree(0?～90?) and is more efficiently than the technique of single-tunnel with single-bundle.

Objective To evaluate the correlations of emphysema and airway wall thickness to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) of airflow limitation by quantitative CT.Methods 40 COPD patients and other 40 normal controls underwent pulmonary function tests and following MSCT exams with inspiration.The square root of wall area of an airway with an internal area of 8 mm2 (Ai8) and the percentage of low attenuation volume(LAV%) of the whole lung and each lobes at the threshold of-950 HU were measured by a software of Thoracic VCAR.The Ai8 between the observation group and the control one was compared using SPSS2.2.The contributions of LAV% and Ai8 to predictions of FEV1/FVC and FEV1% were also evaluated.Results There was a significantly statistical difference in the Ai8 between the observation group and the control one.There were correlations between airflow limitation markers and all of LAV% as well as Ai8 (P<0.05 for all standardized coefficients).Only the Ai8 of right inferior lobar made a significant contribution to airflow limitation in the whole lung bronchus, and the LAV% of each lobes made a stronger contribution to airflow limitation than the Ai8 of right inferior lobe.Conclusion There is a significantly statistical difference in the Ai8 between the observation group and the control one.The LAV% may make a greater contribution to airflow limitation than Ai8 in COPD group.The influential factors of airflow limitation in order were LAV%, Ai8 of right inferior lobe and Ai8 of the other lobes.

Objective To find out the exposure level and distributional characteristics of risk factors for stroke in health checkup population. Methods Target population was selected from two health management centers including Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University and Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University in Shandong province. Data were investigated with a questionnaire which included general information, physical examination, laboratory examination and electrocardiography. Exposure rate of risk factors and its distributional characteristics were described. Results A total of 95 909 individuals were enrolled into data analysis, including 59 686 males (age:44.48± 14.43), 36 223 females (age: 44.80 ± 13.90). The major risk factors were lack of exercises (68.02%), overweight (60.54%)and dyslipidemia (58.27%). There were significant differences in age groups and sex. Conclusion Exposure rate of risk factor for stroke was high and there were substantial differences between sex and age in health checkup population. Screening and health management for stroke risks might be a necessary strategy for the preventive intervention.

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of PET-CT and bone scintigraphy in bone metastases. Methods Thirty-two patients with malignant neoplasm confirmed by pathology were undergone18F-FDG PET-CT and bone scan within two weeks.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of PET-CT and bone scan in detecting the focus were compared at the same scan filed.Results The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy with PET-CT were 94.9%,91.7% and 94.1%,respectively,and 96.2%,54.2% and 86.3% with bone scan,respectively.18F-FDG PET-CT and99Tcm-MDP bone scan were the same in detecting metastatic tumor of bone,but the specificity of18F-FDG PET-CT was better than99Tcm-MDP bone scan in detecting bone metastasis.Conclusion Compared with99Tcm-MDP bone scan,18F-FDG PET-CT is more specific and helpful in detecting bone metastases.

Objective To investigate the role of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) in articular cartilage injury by observing the MMP-13 changes in articular cartilage in rat hindlimb after ischemia/reperfusion (IR). Methods Wistar rat model of left hindlimb IR was used. Fifty-six rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, 8-hour ischemia group, and groups that were reperfused for 3, 7, 14, 30 and 60 d after 8-hour ischemia. Articular cartilages of tibial plateau were taken to study MMP-13 and type Ⅱ collagen (COL Ⅱ) by immunohistochemical method (SP). The pathological changes of articular cartilages also were observed. Results Cartilage matrix was compact in sham operation group and 8-hour ischemia group. Articular facet became rough, cartilage matrix became looser, and chondrocytes were in disorder gradually after reperfusion, especially on day 30 and 60. MMP-13 of cartilages increased significantly in reperfusion groups (P