Objective To assess the efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) combined with low dose of hormone and lamivudine in the treatment of hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN).Methods The clinical data of 49 HBV-GN patients diagnosed by renal pathology was reviewed.They were treated with MMF( ≥ 12 years old,0.75 g,two times a day; ＜ 12 years old,0.4 g/m2,two times a day),low dose of hormone [0.5 mg/(kg·d) ],lamivudine( ≥ 12 years old,100 mg/d; ＜ 12 years old,3 mg/kg,two times a day).Results Among of 49 HBV-GN patients,clinical cure rate was 71.4％(35/49),the total effective rate was 81.6％(40/49),85.7％(42/49) patients' HBV DNA level decreased from 5.43 ×104 copies/ml to ＜ 1000 copies/ml.The complete remission rate was 88.0％ (22/25),the partial remission rate was 8.0％ (2/25),the inefficiency was 4.0％ (1/25) in membranous nephropathy (MN);the complete remission rate was 44.4％ (4/9),the inefficiency was 55.6％ (5/9) in mesangial proliferative glomerulone phritis (MsPGN) ; the complete remission rate was 70.0％(7/10); the partial remission rate was 30.0％(3/10)in membrane proliferative glomerulone phritis (MPGN) ;the complete remission rate was 40.0％ (2/5),the inefficiency was 60.0％(3/5) in focal segmental glomerulosclerosts (FSGS).There was significant difference among the different pathological type (P＜0.05).There were less adverse reactions.Conclusions MMF combined with low dose hormone and lamivudine is safe and effective in treating HBV-GN.The efficacy and pathological type has some relationship,MN has the best response,MPGN and MsPGN are second,FSGS is poor.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of the sleep structures of patients with both chronic insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in plateau area.Methods:Polysomography Alice 5 was applied to 23 patients with primary chronic insomnia [insomnia group, age (48.2±9.9) years], 22 patients with both chronic insomnia and OSA [comorbidity group, age (46.8±8.9) years], who both came from Qinghai Red Cross Hospital between January, 2014 to June, 2015 and 20 subjects with normal sleep [healthy group, age (46.2±7.1) years] in plateau area (mainly in Xining, altitude 2 250 meters or above) to compare and explore their sleep structures by the whole night sleep monitoring in the sleep monitoring room. The sleep structures were compared according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events.Results:Compared to healthy group, insomnia group and comorbidity group both had significantly lower sleep efficiency [(62.4%±16.7%), (59.8%±16.0%) vs (80.9%±8.8%)], non-rapid eye movement (NREM) phase 2 sleep ratio [(37.9%±12.2%), (36.2%±12.5%) vs (49.7%±6.2%)] and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep ratio [(7.7%±4.0%), (6.5%±4.0%) vs (12.5%±4.6%)] (all P<0.05); comorbidity group had a significantly higher oxygen desaturation index than insomnia group and healthy group [(30.8±29.2) vs (7.9±7.5), (5.9±2.7) times/h] ( P<0.05); insomnia group′s sleep latency of NREM3 stage was significantly longer than comorbidity group and healthy group [(148.9±113.6) vs (89.3±51.8), (59.1±40.3) min] (both P<0.05). Conclusion:Patients with both chronic insomnia and OSA and patients with chronic insomnia only in plateau area have different sleep structures, and both of their sleep quality are lower than the people with normal sleep; patients with both chronic insomnia and OSA could enter deep sleep more quickly after sleep onset.