Objective To explore the eftect of SS31 peptide on autophagy after spinal cord injury (SCI) and possible mechanism.Methods Allen nethod was used to construct the spinal cord injury model in rats.Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham surgery group (sham group),SCI group and SS31 peptide group,with 30 rats in each group.The sham group only received laminectomy.The rats in SCI group were sustained SCI and were given no intervention.The rats in SS31 group received SS31 peptide injection after SCI.Scores of Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) motor functions were assessed at 6 h,1,3,7 and 14 d after the injury.The changes in related proteins of Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ were also detected.Results Scores of BBB scale at 6 h and at days 1,3,7 and 14 after injury in SCI group (0,1.7 ±0.4,3.5 ±0.6,6.1 ±0.7,10.1 ±0.6) and SS31 peptide group (0,2.5 ±0.7,4.1 ±0.7,9.3 ±0.6,13.4 ±0.6) were lower than that in sham group (21 at all time points) (P ＜0.05).Scores of BBB scale at days 7 and 14 after injury in SS31 peptide group (9.3 ±0.6,13.4 ±0.6) was higher than that in SCI group (6.1 ± 0.7,10.1 ± 0.6) (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference upon scores of BBB scale of SS31 peptide group at 6 h and at days 1 and 3 after injury (0,2.5 ±0.7,4.1 ± 0.7),compared with SCI group (0,1.7 ± 0.4,3.5 ± 0.6) (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with sham group,the expression of Beclin-1 in SCI group and SS31 peptide group was increased,reached a peak at day 3 (1.478 ± 0.030,1.841 ± 0.051),remained high level at day 7 (1.302 ± 0.049,1.551 ± 0.032) and showed high expression at day 14 (1.252 ±0.048,1.471 ± 0.062) (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with sham group,the expression of LC3-Ⅱ in SCI group and SS31 peptide group also increased,reached a peak at day 3 (0.348 ± 0.028,0.655 ± 0.052),remained high level at day 7 (0.301 ± 0.053,0.432 ± 0.052) and also showed high expression at day 14 (0.268 ± 0.049,0.371 ± 0.052) (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ in SS31 peptide group at day 3 after injury were 1.841 ± 0.051 and 0.455 ± 0.052,higher than that in SCI group (1.478 ± 0.030,0.348 ± 0.028) (P ＜ 0.05).In SS31 peptide group at 6 h and days 1,7 and 14 after injury,the expressions of Beclin-1 (0.582 ± 0.028,0.723 ±0.049,1.551 ±0.032,1.471 ±0.062) and LC3-Ⅱ (0.172 ±0.031,0.256 ±0.051,0.432 ± 0.052,0.371 ± 0.052) had no significant difference in comparison with corresponding expressions of Beclin-1 (0.584 ±0.021,0.642 ±0.051,1.302 ±0.049,1.252 ±0.048) and LC3-Ⅱ (0.156 ± 0.019,0.184±0.050,0.301 ±0.053,0.268 ±0.049) in SCI group (P＞0.05).Conclusion SS31 peptide can improve motor function and enhance the autophagy of nerve cells after SCI in rats,which may be one of the mechanisms for SS31 peptide treating spinal cord injury.

Objective: To establish a method for rapid determination of 47 volatile organic compounds in the air of workplace using portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS). Methods: The mixed standard gas with different concentration levels was made by using the static gas distribution method with the high purity nitrogen as dilution gas. The samples were injected into the GC-MS by a hand-held probe. Retention time and characteristic ion were used for qualitative analysis,and the internal standard method was usd for quantitation. Results: The 47 poisonous substances were separated and determined well. The linear range of this method was 0.2-16.0 mg/m³,and the relative standard deviation of 45 volatile ovganic compounds was 3.8%-15.8%. The average recovery was 79.3%-119.0%. Conclusion The method is simple,accurate,sensitive,has good separation effect,short analysis period, can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of volatile organic compounds in the workplace, and also supports the rapid identification and detection of occupational hazards.

BACKGROUNDIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal chronic interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown cause and having a variable and unpredictable course. This study aimed to summarize the clinical features and follow-up outcomes and to identify potential factors useful for the assessment of prognosis in IPF.

METHODSTwo hundred and ten patients hospitalized and diagnosed as IPF in our unit from January 1999 to June 2007 were enrolled into this study. The baseline demographic, clinical, radiologic and physiologic characteristics were summarized. Clinical follow-up data until February 2010 were collected, and the median survival time and 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates, as well as the influences of the summarized baseline variables on the prognosis were analyzed.

RESULTSThe age at diagnosis as IPF was (64 ± 10) years, the duration before diagnosis of 106 patients (50%) was shorter than 2 years, and 73% were males. One hundred and forty-five patients (69%) had a history of smoking with a median pack-year of 18. Eighty-nine patients (42%) had emphysema and 62 patients (29%) pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). One hundred and twenty-four patients were followed up, of which 99 patients died from various causes including respiratory failure related to IPF (93%). The follow-up period was (21 ± 23) months. The median survival time was 38 months. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 61%, 52%, and 39%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed clubbing, PAH, duration from initial onset to diagnosis, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) were independent prognostic indicators of IPF.

CONCLUSIONIPF patients who have clubbing, PAH, a higher FEV1/FVC, and a short duration from initial onset to diagnosis have a poorer outcome.

Aged ; Emphysema ; diagnosis ; mortality ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; diagnosis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; diagnosis ; mortality ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged