Objective] To sum up professor Cong Pin’s clinical experience in diagnosing and treating pharyngitis. [Method]From etiology and pathogenesis, clinical differentiation and treatment experience, it expounds professor Cong Pin ’s clinical thought and diagnosis and treatment features. [Result] In her view, in the matter of etiology and pathogenesis, we should pay more attention to wind-evil and heat-evil in six evils and the malfunction of liver, spleen and stomach; paying more attention to symptom than signs in differentiation and valuing tongue diagnosis; therefore forming treatment rules and methods of reinforcing spleen for harmonize stomach, soothing the liver to stretch Qi, clearing wind to remove heat, tonifying Yin to produce moist, stretching Qi to activate blood and reducing phlegm to resolve masses, coordinated with outer therapy for promoting Qi to activate blood and stretch rheumatism; applying external treatment in intractable pharyngitis. It has been proved effective. [Conclusion] Pro. Cong Pin has her own experience in pharyngitis including the etiology and pathogenesis, the clinical differentiation, the application of prescription and the external treatment, having high clinical application value.

Objective:To investigate the thoughts and methods of clinical pharmacists involving in the treatment of 2 cases of atyp-ical pathogen infection. Methods:The consultation cases of 2 patients with atypical pathogens infection were analyzed,and the consul-tation experience was summarized. Results: After the consultation, the treatment efficacy of the patients was obvious. Conclusion:Clinical pharmacists can assist doctors in improving the efficacy and safety of drug treatment.

Objective To optimize the technique of foam separation from extract of Catharsius molossus.Methods Single factor test was used to examine the key operational parameters by using enrichment ratio,recovery rate,and protein content as the evaluation indexes.Results The best conditions were as follow: airflow velocity,feed concentration,pH value,feed volume,and temperature were 600 mL/min,0.050 g/mL,pH 4,1 000 mL,and room temperature,respectively.Under the condition,the enrichment ratio was 1.56,recovery rate was 85.6%,and protein content was 20.37%.Conclusion Foam separation could be used to concentrate and separate protein from extract of C.molossus with higher recovery rate and protein content.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bipolar plasmakinetic system in exfoliative tran-surethral resection of bladder tumors .Methods Clinical data of 72 patients with non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) were retrospectively analyzed.Transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic system was used ,30°viewer,F27 outer sheath was pushed off and bladder tumor was cut .When the bladder filling state ,pushed off bladder mucosa distance from tumor basal 2cm,then electricity cut the exfoliative bladder tumor .When bladder half filling state electricity cut the base of the bladder muscle layer of bladder tumor .Results This group of 72 cases were successfully completed surgery,surgery time 37~93 min,without intraoperative bladder perforation ,slight obturator nerve reflex in 5 cases. The keeping intact pathologic specimens was good for pathological staging .Conclusion Exfoliative transurethral resection of bladder tumors with bipolar plasma is a safe , practical and effective way of operation , which can avoid severe obturator reflex occurred in the operation , and greatly reduce the occurrence of bladder perforation , without TURS,surgical removal of the pathological specimens is specification .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in brain regional homogeneity in first-onset major depressive disorders (MDDs) using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

METHODSEighteen patients with first-onset MDDs and twenty gender- and age-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state fMRI scans to compare the regional homogeneities of the brain regions.

RESULTSCompared with the normal controls, the patients with MDDs showed significantly decreased regional homogeneity in the left posterior cingulated gyrus, bilateral inferior temporal gyrus, bilateral superior temporal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, left hippocampa gyrus, left posterior central gyrus, left angular gyrus, right amygdala, right orbital frontal gyrus, right supplementary motor area, and right cerebellar lobe.

CONCLUSIONPatients with first-onset MDDs have dysfunctions in the brain regions closed related with cognition and emotional control.

Amygdala ; Brain ; physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebellum ; Cognition ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; diagnosis ; Emotions ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Temporal Lobe

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of continuous arterial catheter directed thrombolysis for ischemia disease of lower extremity.Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 29 patients undergoing continuous arterial catheter directed thrombolysis from June 2016 to June 2018 in Department of Aortic and Vascular Surgery Center,Fuwai Hospital,CAMS&PUMC was conducted.There were 25 males and 4 females,aged (65.3 ± 11.2) years,with an age range of 51-81 years.The patients were diagnosed after admission and received continuous arterial thrombolysis.After thrombolytic therapy,estimate was conducted whether to place the stent further based on the result of angiographit.The patients' pain symptom relief,embolism,bleeding and other complications were observed in the 6 months,12 months and 24 months by telephone follow-up or outpatient review.Meanwhile,the patients improved the color Doppler ultrasound examination.Results The 21 patients were markedly effective,7 patients were effective,and 1 patient was ineffective in all the 29 patients who accepted the continuous arterial catheter directed thrombolysis therapy.Two of the patients developed distal toe arterial embilization during thrombolysis and improved after drug treatment.The total effective rate was 96.5％ (28/29).Stents implant rate was 20.7％ (6/29).The follow-up rate was 86.2％ (25/29).No symptom relapse was observed.Conclusion Continuous arterial catheter directed thrombosis for ischemia disease of lower extremity is minimally invasive,safe and effective.

Objective To analyze the sites of CT scan and radiation dose to children, and to compare the dose difference between children and others aged above 14 years with the dose-monitoring software in a single scan. Methods A total of 125147 cases undergoing CT scans were selected from Jan 1 to Dec 31, 2016, including 542 in children group and 124605 in patients group aged above 14 years. Based on the self-designed CT dose of real-time detection and management software, the scan sites and the composition of the scanning dose were recorded and compared between children and patients aged above 14 years in a single scan. Results Head (39. 67%) and extremities (36. 90%) were the primary CT scan sites in children. Abdominal (20. 77%) and limbs (48. 87%) constituted the main part of effective dose to children. In children group, the average single DLP gradually increased with age ( Z =21. 42, P <0. 05). The mean DLP was (567. 38 ± 433. 03) mGy·cm and average effective dose (5. 58 ± 5. 45) mSv in children group, significantly lower than that in patients aged above[14 years (737. 75 ± 172. 40) mGy· cm and (11. 07 ± 2. 59) mSv, Z= -3. 74,-4. 12, P<0. 05]. DLPs in patients aged above 14 years were higher than or equal to those in children group, with a few exceptions of neck and limbs with higher values(Z= -2. 04、 -3. 97, P<0. 05). Effective doses in children were higher than or equal to those in the group aged above 14 years(Z= -3. 03, -3. 11, -4. 12,P<0. 05), with an exception of chest with higher value. Conclusions Although the parameters of CT scan and dose control were optimized to some extent in children, radiation protection on children still needs to be paid attention for due to the radiosensitivity of children. CT scanning on children should be more careful.

Objective To study the impacts of different tube voltage and different noise index(NI) guided automatic tube current modulation on the image quality and radiation dose in cerebrovascular imaging and determine the optimal scanning condition. Methods PH3 angiographic CT head phantom was used for head CTA examination. Scanning protocols: all the scanning objectives were divided into three groups according to the different tube voltages of 80, 100 and 120 kV. Each group applied certain tube current(300,400 mA)and automatic tube current modulation technique with NI from 3 to 10 to perform head CTA. There were 30 scanning proposals with different parameter combinations of tube voltage and tube current. The radiation dose [ CT dose index volume (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED)], objective indicators of images(CT value of the blood vessels and its noise, CT value of brain tissue and its noise, signal-to-noise ratio , contrast-to-noise ratio) and the subjective scores of the five cerebrovascular segments were recorded. Differences of CT value of the blood vessels and its noise, CT value of brain tissue and its noise, signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio between different tube voltages and tube currents were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA. Results When the tube voltage was certain, the CTDIvol, DLP and ED were all dropped while NI was increased from 3 to 10. Compared with group(120 kV, 300 mA), CTDIvol of group with 100 kV, 300 mA decreased 35.32%(12.22/34.59), CTDIvol of group(100 kV, NI=6) decreased 46.72%(16.16/34.59). Compared with group(100 kV, 300 mA), CTDIvol of group (100 kV, NI=6) decreased 17.61%(3.94/22.37). When the tube voltage was certain and the tube current and NI were not certain, there is no statistical difference (P>0.05) between CT values of blood vessel and brain, while blood vessel noise, noise of brain, SNR and CNR showed statistical difference (P<0.05). When tube current and NI were certain while tube voltage was varied, all objective indicators discussed above all exhibited statistical difference (P<0.05). SNR and CNR of group(100 kV, NI=6) were higher than group(120 kV, 300 mA) with 6.31%(2.69/42.66)and 7.18%(2.64/36.78), respectively. The tube voltage, NI and tube current had no effect on the subjective scores of first and second grade vessel but greater impact on the fourth and fifth grade vessel. Conclusion In the head CTA scanning, combined the use of NI 6 guided automatic adjustment tube current and low tube voltage(100 kV)technique not only can get better image quality but also significantly decreased the radiation dose.

Objective To study the impacts of different tube voltage and different noise index(NI) guided automatic tube current modulation on the image quality and radiation dose in cerebrovascular imaging and determine the optimal scanning condition. Methods PH3 angiographic CT head phantom was used for head CTA examination. Scanning protocols: all the scanning objectives were divided into three groups according to the different tube voltages of 80, 100 and 120 kV. Each group applied certain tube current(300,400 mA)and automatic tube current modulation technique with NI from 3 to 10 to perform head CTA. There were 30 scanning proposals with different parameter combinations of tube voltage and tube current. The radiation dose [ CT dose index volume (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED)], objective indicators of images(CT value of the blood vessels and its noise, CT value of brain tissue and its noise, signal-to-noise ratio , contrast-to-noise ratio) and the subjective scores of the five cerebrovascular segments were recorded. Differences of CT value of the blood vessels and its noise, CT value of brain tissue and its noise, signal-to-noise ratio and contrast-to-noise ratio between different tube voltages and tube currents were analyzed by One-Way ANOVA. Results When the tube voltage was certain, the CTDIvol, DLP and ED were all dropped while NI was increased from 3 to 10. Compared with group(120 kV, 300 mA), CTDIvol of group with 100 kV, 300 mA decreased 35.32%(12.22/34.59), CTDIvol of group(100 kV, NI=6) decreased 46.72%(16.16/34.59). Compared with group(100 kV, 300 mA), CTDIvol of group (100 kV, NI=6) decreased 17.61%(3.94/22.37). When the tube voltage was certain and the tube current and NI were not certain, there is no statistical difference (P>0.05) between CT values of blood vessel and brain, while blood vessel noise, noise of brain, SNR and CNR showed statistical difference (P<0.05). When tube current and NI were certain while tube voltage was varied, all objective indicators discussed above all exhibited statistical difference (P<0.05). SNR and CNR of group(100 kV, NI=6) were higher than group(120 kV, 300 mA) with 6.31%(2.69/42.66)and 7.18%(2.64/36.78), respectively. The tube voltage, NI and tube current had no effect on the subjective scores of first and second grade vessel but greater impact on the fourth and fifth grade vessel. Conclusion In the head CTA scanning, combined the use of NI 6 guided automatic adjustment tube current and low tube voltage(100 kV)technique not only can get better image quality but also significantly decreased the radiation dose.

Objective:To summarize the clinical efficiency of paclitaxel drug coated balloon (DCB) in femoral popliteal artery disease.Methods:Retrospective analysis was made on 125 patients (141 limbs) admitted from Jun 2016 to Jul 2019 for femoral popliteal disease treated with DCB.Results:Median follow-up time was 19 months. The average lesion length was (138±78) mm, with an overall cumulative primary patency rate of 81.4% and 60.8% at 12 and 24 months postoperatively and f-TLR rates of 90.1% and 83.0%, respectively. In a total of 109 primary lesions, subgroup analysis showed that among the TASC C/D primary lesions, the primary patency rate was significantly lower in those with combined severe calcification and the f-TLR rate in those with popliteal involved lesions. TASC grade C/D lesions, severe calcified lesions were independent risk factors for patency, while hypertension was an independent protective factor.In-stent restenosis (ISR) target lesions involving the popliteal segment had a significantly worse prognosis than ISR of the superficial femoral artery.Conclusion:DCB in the treatment of lower femoral popliteal artery lesions can achieve a satisfactory medium-term patency outcome, while the efficacy for complex lesions still needs further improvement.