Objective To analyze the features of hypertensive retinopathy (HRP),and to evaluate the correlation of serum cystatin C (Cys-C) and retinopathy in patients with primary hypertension.Methods From July 2015 to October 2017,280 cases of primary hypertension in the Second People's Hospital of Ji'nan were recruited to receive fundus examination by funduscopy and eye-ground photography.Based on the findings,4 groups were established according to Chinese Ophthalmology (Third Edition) classification standard,normal,mild,moderate and malignant four levels.Clinical courses were monitored and Cys-C levels were determined.Results There were 204 cases of HRP,accounting for 72.86％.Compared with that of the normal fundus group (0.76 ±0.12)mg/L,the serum Cys-C level of the mild HRP group was (0.82 ± 0.19)mg/L,the difference was statistically significant (t =2.424,P ＜ 0.05).The serum Cys-C levels of the moderate HRP group and severe HRP group were (2.37 ± 0.13) mg/L and (3.24 ± 0.45) mg/L,respectively,the differences were statistically significant compared with that of the control group (t =80.917,42.153,all p ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The severity of HRP is positively correlated with Cys-C.

Objective: Surgical procedures for patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS) remain controversial. Until now, there have been no effective quantitative evaluation methods to assist in selecting appropriate surgical plans before surgery. Methods: We consecutively enrolled PTS patients (arachnoid lysis group, n = 42; shunting group, n = 14) from 2003 to 2023. Additionally, 19 intrathecal anesthesia patients were included in the control group. All patients with PTS underwent physical and neurological examinations and spinal magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively, 3–12 months postoperatively and during the last follow-up. Preoperative lumbar puncture was performed and blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was detected by quotient of albumin (Qalb, cerebrospinal fluid/serum). Results: The ages (p = 0.324) and sex (p = 0.065) of the PTS and control groups did not differ significantly. There were also no significant differences in age (p = 0.216), routine blood data and prognosis (p = 0.399) between the arachnoid lysis and shunting groups. But the QAlb level of PTS patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.001), and the shunting group had a significantly higher QAlb (p < 0.001) than the arachnoid lysis group. A high preoperative QAlb (odds ratio, 1.091; 95% confidence interval, 1.004–1.187; p = 0.041) was identified as the predictive factor for the shunting procedure, with the receiver operating characteristic curve showing 100% specificity and 80.95% sensitivity for patients with a QAlb > 12.67. Conclusion Preoperative QAlb is a significant predictive factor for the types of surgery. For PTS patients with a QAlb > 12.67, shunting represents the final recourse, necessitating the exploration and development of novel treatments for these patients.

Objective: The anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) technique is a new procedure for the treatment of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) that requires management of the disc adjacent to the ossification. This study describes a novel technique to reduce the number of fixed segments, namely, the “Klotski technique.” The efficacy of ACAF using the Klotski technique was compared with that of anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) in the treatment of OPLL with en bloc type dural ossification (DO). Methods: The clinical data of 25 patients with severe OPLL and en bloc type DO who were treated by the ACAF Klotski technique or ACCF at our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. In the Klotski technique, the number of segments fused within the OPLL is limited. The antedisplacement space was designed according to the shape of the vertebrae-OPLL-DO complex (VODC). Then, the entire VODC was antedisplaced as in Klotski. Neurological function and image examination were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. Complications associated with surgery were recorded. Results: Patients were followed up for 24–36 months. There were 11 patients who were treated with ACAF and 14 patients who were treated with ACCF. At 2 weeks after surgery, the incidence of neurological deterioration was 21.4% (3 of 14) in the ACCF group and 9.1%(1 of 11) in the ACAF group. The incidence of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CFL) was 35.7% (5 of 14) in the ACCF group and 9.1% (1 of 11) in the ACAF group. The postoperative follow-up JOA scores of the patients in both groups were significantly better than their preoperative JOA scores (p<0.05). Conclusion The Klotski technique for ACAF is a good option for the treatment of patients with en bloc type OPLL-DO, as it limits the number of fused segments, has a low incidence of CFL and neurologic deficits and is associated with good neurological recovery.

Objective: Surgical procedures for patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS) remain controversial. Until now, there have been no effective quantitative evaluation methods to assist in selecting appropriate surgical plans before surgery. Methods: We consecutively enrolled PTS patients (arachnoid lysis group, n = 42; shunting group, n = 14) from 2003 to 2023. Additionally, 19 intrathecal anesthesia patients were included in the control group. All patients with PTS underwent physical and neurological examinations and spinal magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively, 3–12 months postoperatively and during the last follow-up. Preoperative lumbar puncture was performed and blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was detected by quotient of albumin (Qalb, cerebrospinal fluid/serum). Results: The ages (p = 0.324) and sex (p = 0.065) of the PTS and control groups did not differ significantly. There were also no significant differences in age (p = 0.216), routine blood data and prognosis (p = 0.399) between the arachnoid lysis and shunting groups. But the QAlb level of PTS patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.001), and the shunting group had a significantly higher QAlb (p < 0.001) than the arachnoid lysis group. A high preoperative QAlb (odds ratio, 1.091; 95% confidence interval, 1.004–1.187; p = 0.041) was identified as the predictive factor for the shunting procedure, with the receiver operating characteristic curve showing 100% specificity and 80.95% sensitivity for patients with a QAlb > 12.67. Conclusion Preoperative QAlb is a significant predictive factor for the types of surgery. For PTS patients with a QAlb > 12.67, shunting represents the final recourse, necessitating the exploration and development of novel treatments for these patients.

Objective: The anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) technique is a new procedure for the treatment of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) that requires management of the disc adjacent to the ossification. This study describes a novel technique to reduce the number of fixed segments, namely, the “Klotski technique.” The efficacy of ACAF using the Klotski technique was compared with that of anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) in the treatment of OPLL with en bloc type dural ossification (DO). Methods: The clinical data of 25 patients with severe OPLL and en bloc type DO who were treated by the ACAF Klotski technique or ACCF at our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. In the Klotski technique, the number of segments fused within the OPLL is limited. The antedisplacement space was designed according to the shape of the vertebrae-OPLL-DO complex (VODC). Then, the entire VODC was antedisplaced as in Klotski. Neurological function and image examination were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. Complications associated with surgery were recorded. Results: Patients were followed up for 24–36 months. There were 11 patients who were treated with ACAF and 14 patients who were treated with ACCF. At 2 weeks after surgery, the incidence of neurological deterioration was 21.4% (3 of 14) in the ACCF group and 9.1%(1 of 11) in the ACAF group. The incidence of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CFL) was 35.7% (5 of 14) in the ACCF group and 9.1% (1 of 11) in the ACAF group. The postoperative follow-up JOA scores of the patients in both groups were significantly better than their preoperative JOA scores (p<0.05). Conclusion The Klotski technique for ACAF is a good option for the treatment of patients with en bloc type OPLL-DO, as it limits the number of fused segments, has a low incidence of CFL and neurologic deficits and is associated with good neurological recovery.

Objective: Surgical procedures for patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS) remain controversial. Until now, there have been no effective quantitative evaluation methods to assist in selecting appropriate surgical plans before surgery. Methods: We consecutively enrolled PTS patients (arachnoid lysis group, n = 42; shunting group, n = 14) from 2003 to 2023. Additionally, 19 intrathecal anesthesia patients were included in the control group. All patients with PTS underwent physical and neurological examinations and spinal magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively, 3–12 months postoperatively and during the last follow-up. Preoperative lumbar puncture was performed and blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was detected by quotient of albumin (Qalb, cerebrospinal fluid/serum). Results: The ages (p = 0.324) and sex (p = 0.065) of the PTS and control groups did not differ significantly. There were also no significant differences in age (p = 0.216), routine blood data and prognosis (p = 0.399) between the arachnoid lysis and shunting groups. But the QAlb level of PTS patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.001), and the shunting group had a significantly higher QAlb (p < 0.001) than the arachnoid lysis group. A high preoperative QAlb (odds ratio, 1.091; 95% confidence interval, 1.004–1.187; p = 0.041) was identified as the predictive factor for the shunting procedure, with the receiver operating characteristic curve showing 100% specificity and 80.95% sensitivity for patients with a QAlb > 12.67. Conclusion Preoperative QAlb is a significant predictive factor for the types of surgery. For PTS patients with a QAlb > 12.67, shunting represents the final recourse, necessitating the exploration and development of novel treatments for these patients.

Objective: The anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) technique is a new procedure for the treatment of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) that requires management of the disc adjacent to the ossification. This study describes a novel technique to reduce the number of fixed segments, namely, the “Klotski technique.” The efficacy of ACAF using the Klotski technique was compared with that of anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) in the treatment of OPLL with en bloc type dural ossification (DO). Methods: The clinical data of 25 patients with severe OPLL and en bloc type DO who were treated by the ACAF Klotski technique or ACCF at our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. In the Klotski technique, the number of segments fused within the OPLL is limited. The antedisplacement space was designed according to the shape of the vertebrae-OPLL-DO complex (VODC). Then, the entire VODC was antedisplaced as in Klotski. Neurological function and image examination were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. Complications associated with surgery were recorded. Results: Patients were followed up for 24–36 months. There were 11 patients who were treated with ACAF and 14 patients who were treated with ACCF. At 2 weeks after surgery, the incidence of neurological deterioration was 21.4% (3 of 14) in the ACCF group and 9.1%(1 of 11) in the ACAF group. The incidence of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CFL) was 35.7% (5 of 14) in the ACCF group and 9.1% (1 of 11) in the ACAF group. The postoperative follow-up JOA scores of the patients in both groups were significantly better than their preoperative JOA scores (p<0.05). Conclusion The Klotski technique for ACAF is a good option for the treatment of patients with en bloc type OPLL-DO, as it limits the number of fused segments, has a low incidence of CFL and neurologic deficits and is associated with good neurological recovery.

Objective: Surgical procedures for patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS) remain controversial. Until now, there have been no effective quantitative evaluation methods to assist in selecting appropriate surgical plans before surgery. Methods: We consecutively enrolled PTS patients (arachnoid lysis group, n = 42; shunting group, n = 14) from 2003 to 2023. Additionally, 19 intrathecal anesthesia patients were included in the control group. All patients with PTS underwent physical and neurological examinations and spinal magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively, 3–12 months postoperatively and during the last follow-up. Preoperative lumbar puncture was performed and blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was detected by quotient of albumin (Qalb, cerebrospinal fluid/serum). Results: The ages (p = 0.324) and sex (p = 0.065) of the PTS and control groups did not differ significantly. There were also no significant differences in age (p = 0.216), routine blood data and prognosis (p = 0.399) between the arachnoid lysis and shunting groups. But the QAlb level of PTS patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.001), and the shunting group had a significantly higher QAlb (p < 0.001) than the arachnoid lysis group. A high preoperative QAlb (odds ratio, 1.091; 95% confidence interval, 1.004–1.187; p = 0.041) was identified as the predictive factor for the shunting procedure, with the receiver operating characteristic curve showing 100% specificity and 80.95% sensitivity for patients with a QAlb > 12.67. Conclusion Preoperative QAlb is a significant predictive factor for the types of surgery. For PTS patients with a QAlb > 12.67, shunting represents the final recourse, necessitating the exploration and development of novel treatments for these patients.

Objective: The anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion (ACAF) technique is a new procedure for the treatment of cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) that requires management of the disc adjacent to the ossification. This study describes a novel technique to reduce the number of fixed segments, namely, the “Klotski technique.” The efficacy of ACAF using the Klotski technique was compared with that of anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion (ACCF) in the treatment of OPLL with en bloc type dural ossification (DO). Methods: The clinical data of 25 patients with severe OPLL and en bloc type DO who were treated by the ACAF Klotski technique or ACCF at our hospital from January 2020 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. In the Klotski technique, the number of segments fused within the OPLL is limited. The antedisplacement space was designed according to the shape of the vertebrae-OPLL-DO complex (VODC). Then, the entire VODC was antedisplaced as in Klotski. Neurological function and image examination were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively. Complications associated with surgery were recorded. Results: Patients were followed up for 24–36 months. There were 11 patients who were treated with ACAF and 14 patients who were treated with ACCF. At 2 weeks after surgery, the incidence of neurological deterioration was 21.4% (3 of 14) in the ACCF group and 9.1%(1 of 11) in the ACAF group. The incidence of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage (CFL) was 35.7% (5 of 14) in the ACCF group and 9.1% (1 of 11) in the ACAF group. The postoperative follow-up JOA scores of the patients in both groups were significantly better than their preoperative JOA scores (p<0.05). Conclusion The Klotski technique for ACAF is a good option for the treatment of patients with en bloc type OPLL-DO, as it limits the number of fused segments, has a low incidence of CFL and neurologic deficits and is associated with good neurological recovery.

Objective: Surgical procedures for patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS) remain controversial. Until now, there have been no effective quantitative evaluation methods to assist in selecting appropriate surgical plans before surgery. Methods: We consecutively enrolled PTS patients (arachnoid lysis group, n = 42; shunting group, n = 14) from 2003 to 2023. Additionally, 19 intrathecal anesthesia patients were included in the control group. All patients with PTS underwent physical and neurological examinations and spinal magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively, 3–12 months postoperatively and during the last follow-up. Preoperative lumbar puncture was performed and blood-spinal cord barrier disruption was detected by quotient of albumin (Qalb, cerebrospinal fluid/serum). Results: The ages (p = 0.324) and sex (p = 0.065) of the PTS and control groups did not differ significantly. There were also no significant differences in age (p = 0.216), routine blood data and prognosis (p = 0.399) between the arachnoid lysis and shunting groups. But the QAlb level of PTS patients was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.001), and the shunting group had a significantly higher QAlb (p < 0.001) than the arachnoid lysis group. A high preoperative QAlb (odds ratio, 1.091; 95% confidence interval, 1.004–1.187; p = 0.041) was identified as the predictive factor for the shunting procedure, with the receiver operating characteristic curve showing 100% specificity and 80.95% sensitivity for patients with a QAlb > 12.67. Conclusion Preoperative QAlb is a significant predictive factor for the types of surgery. For PTS patients with a QAlb > 12.67, shunting represents the final recourse, necessitating the exploration and development of novel treatments for these patients.