Dynorphin A is an endogenous opiate peptide first extracted from the pig pituitary by Goldstein in 1979.The purpose of this study was to observe the changes in dynorphin A1-13 content in the pituitary and brain areas of burned rats.Using PIA, the following results were obtained: (1)Immediately after burning, there was a significant increase of immunoreactive substance dynorphin A1-13 (ir-dyn A1-13) in the pituitary and the pontine-medullary area of the animals (P

The effects of 3 anesthetics (urethane, pentobarbital and chloraiose) on the contents of dynorphin A1-13 (ir-dyn-A1-13) in the brain, pituitary and spinal cord of male rats were studied with radioimmunoassay. Under urethane anesthesia, the contents of ir-dyn- A1-13 in the brain, pituitary and spinal cord of rats were significantly reduced. When the rats were given chloralose, the contents of ir-dyn-A1-13 were markedly reduced except in the midbrain. After the rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital, the contents of ir-dyn-A1-13 were decreased apparently except in the thalamus.

Objective To explore the clinicophathological significance of expressions of c-myc,bcl-1 and apoptosis in the human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) canceration course.Methods The expressions of c-myc proteins,bcl-2 protein and apoptosis were detected in 80 cases of SCC by using TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling and immunohistochemical staining.Results The positive rates of c-myc and bc1-2 proteins were 62.5%,38.8% respectively,in SCC tissue(P

To explore the effect of Fu Zheng Hua Yu Fang and its ingredient (s ) on collagen production we cultured the astrocytes isolated from the dimethyl nitorsamine -induced rat fibrosis model in serum with the extract of the completeprescription and its ingredient (s) and observed their effect in treating the model rats. The ingredients included those for strengthening the body resistance, those for removing stasis, that of Cordyceps, that of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae and that of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae plus Cordyceps. The results showed that though inhibition of proliferation and activation of the astrocytes was found in all the groups, the effect of the extract of drugs for removing stasis was the strongest. Similarly, inhibition of production of collagen type I and expression of its mRNA was found in all the groups while the effect of drugs for strengthening the body resistance was the strongest. In treating the model rats, the complete prescription was the strongest in reducing the collagen deposition and hyproxyproline content. Combination of drugs for removing stasis with those for strengthening body resistance could further reduce the formation of collagen. The prescription proved to be a comprehensive one in inhibiting collagen production.

The effect of arginine vasopressin (AW) on the contents of cAMP and cGMP in the isolated right atria and ventricular muscle strips was observed at the concentration possessing negative inotropic effect on the cardiac muscle (0.8ng/ml). Results showed that although there were accumulation of both cAMP and cGMP stimulated by AVP in the cardiac muscle, the increase of cGMP was more pronounced with the rise of cGMP/cAMP ratio from the control value 024 (atria) and 0.29(ventricle) to 0.45 and 0.41 respectively after treatment with AVP. Coupled with the known effect of cGMP in mediating the negative inotropic effect in the heart, cGMP is also a possible mediator of the negative inotropic effect of AVP in the heart. The significance of increase in cAMP stimulated by AVP awaits further studies.

In this study, acute cardiac ischemia was induced by ligation of the anterior descending branch of the coronary artery in rats. Radioimmunoassay was conducted to measure the contents of immunoreactive beta - en-dorphin (ir-?-EP)after ischemia and fructose -1,6 - diphosphate (FDP) treatment. Results showed that the contents of ir-?-EP were in-cereased in the plasma, some brain areas, pituitary and myocardium after ligation of the left coronary artery of the rats which resulted in the deterioration of the cardiac function includingdp/dtmax, Lvsp, total areas of force loop and blood pressure. Intravenous administration of FDP improved cardiac function and reduced the contents of ir - ? - EP in the above mentioned tissues suggesting that ir-?-EP correlate closely with cardiac function after ischemia,the reduction of which was possibly involved in the improve ment of cardiac function by FDP.

To observe the protective effect of somatostatin (SS) on gastric mucosa of rats.Methods: Before gastric mucosal lesion were made in rats by pure alcohol, SS was intravenously droppedand anti-SS serum was injected into the vein, and the change of ulcer index and the degree of gastric mu-cosal lesion were observed. Results: Ulcer index of the SS group was much lower than that of the controlgroup (P

Objective To measure the expression of SFRP1 in bladder cancer and explore the corresponding mechanism,in order to study the roles of SFRP1 in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer.Methods SFRP1 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.Methylation status of SFRP1 was detected by methylation specific PCR.SFRP1 protein was determined by Western blotting.Results SFRP1 was methylated in bladder cancer cell lines T24 and 5637,not in SCaBER.SFRP1 mRNA and protein were detected in SCaBER,but not in T24 and 5637.Six hours after treating T24 and 5637 with 5'-aza-deoxycytidine,both T24 and 5637 expressed SFRP1 mRNA and protein.In 45 bladder cancers,methylation of SFRP1 was detected in 28 (62.2％).In matched cancer adjacent tissues,6 (13.3％) were found with SFRP1 methylation.The methylation rate in bladder cancers was significant higher than that in matched cancer adjacent tissues (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions SFRP1 is downregulated in some bladder cancers due to methylation.SFRP1 methylation and aberrant expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of bladder cancers.

There existed animal ethical issues in the process of functional experiment including poor breeding environment before animal experiment, insufficient prepare before class, not standard experimental operation, less attention paid to the study of anesthesia, disposal on animals after the experiment. Based on the analysis of these issues and combined with the thought of respect for animals′rights and attention to animal welfare, the authors put forward suggestions from the aspects including the schools′active attention and support, curriculum, standardizing the experimental design and operation steps, improving the animal experiment teachers′ethical consciousness, cul-tivating the students′experimental animal ethical consciousness. In addition, this paper put forward the thinking of further strengthening education:the domestic medical colleges generally need to strengthen medical ethics educa-tion, and should adopt various forms to cultivate medical students′medical ethics quality of treasuring life.

BACKGROUND: Endogenous opioid peptide is an important medium and regulator that participate in many physical and pathologic processes of the body. Its relationship with fetal encephalopathy has attracted much attraction.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of endogenous opioid peptides (EOP) in fetal distress.DESIGN: A case-control observatory study based on healthy pregnant women.SETTING: Wards of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-three healthy women who were hospitalised in Changzheng Hospital and Changhai Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA and met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 40 were normal healthy pregnant women(the control group) and 43 were healthy pregnant women with fetal distress(the fetal distress group).METHODS: Radioimmunoassay was used to measure the levels of blood EOP(β-endorphin, dynorphin A1- 13 and leu-enkephalin) of the venous blood of the pregnant women in fetal distress group and the control group and the EOP level in the umbilical blood of the newborns. Also, blood gas analysis of the blood from the umbilical artery was conducted.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The levels of EOP in the venous blood of two groups of pregnant women and the umbilical blood of newborns and the correlation of EOP level with fetal distress.RESULTS: The levels of the umbilical artery blood EOP(β-endorphin,dynorphin A1-13 and leu-enkephalin) in the fetal distress group[(453± 68 ) ng/L, (242 ± 33)ng/L, and(498 ± 68)ng/L respectively] were significantly higher than those in the control group[ (251 ± 39) ng/L, (103± 22 )ng / L and(322 ± 40 )ng / L respectively ( t = 2. 713,2. 762, P＜ 0.01; t = 2. 132, P ＜ 0.05 ) ]. The umbilical artery blood gas analysis;pH was (7.0 ± 0. 1 ) , PO2 was ( 1.7 ± 0.6) kPa, PCO2 was (8.9 ± 0. 7) kPa.The levels of β-endorphin were negatively correlated with pH and PO2 of the umbilical artery blood(r= -0.418 and -0.437, P ＜ 0.01), but they were positively correlated with PCO2( r = 0. 442, P ＜ 0. 05) . The level of dynorphin A1-13 was negatively correlated with pH and PO2( r = -0. 337,-0.383, P ＜ 0.05), but it was positively correlated with PCO2(r= 0. 346, P ＜ 0. 05). There was no significant difference among the three kinds of blood EOP of the two groups( P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: EOP participates in the pathological progress of the fetal distress and was closely correlated with the occurrence and development of the fetal distress. This finding has a reference value for early rehabilitation and intervention after the fetal was born that can be tested quantitatively.