Objective To discuss the clinical value of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) combined with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)/endoscopic Oddi sphincterotomy (EST) on treating choledocholithiasis with cholecystolithiasis. Method The clinical data of 48 patients with choledocholithiasis complicated by cholecystolithiasis treated with LC combined with ERCP/EST from January 2005 to August 2010 was collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results Forty-six patients achieyed success by ERCP,and 45 patients finished LC,all patients underwent LC combined with ERCP/EST were recovered more rapidly,with shorter hospital stays. No severe complications or residual stone and refluent cholangitis in the follow-up of 3-12 months of 46 patients. Conclusions Combining the advantages of LC with ERCP/EST treating patients with choledocholithiasis complicated by cholecystolithiasis,according to the theoretics of minimally invasive surgery, with less invasive and the advantages of shorter hospital stays and rapid recovery. It is the comparatively ideal choice for the treatment of choledocholithiasis complicated by cholecystolithiasis at present.

Objective To evaluate the value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) in the diagnosis of biliary obstruction diseases by comparison with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ER-CP). Methods A total of 36 patients with biliary obstruction diseases underwent both MRCP and ERCP. To review the images obtained from ERCP and MRCP ,the diagnosis were compared according to pathology. MRCP and ERCP in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary obstruction disease were analysed. Results 36 patients including 16 biliary tumors, 15 cholelithiases,and five other diseases were analysed. The diagnosis accuracy of MRCP and ERCP for bil-iary obstruction diseases were 86.1% and 91.7 %, there was no significant difference( P > 0.05). Conclusion MR-CP can accurately define the obstructively sites, identify the obstructive causes and is a noninvasive and reliable exam-ination for biliary obstruction diseases.

Objective To summarize the experience of applying choledochoscopy, duodenoscopy and laparoscopy, one-stage suturing of common bile duct, to treat cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis that failed to respond to ordinary endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of twenty-five pa-tients with choledocholithiasis complicated with cholecystolithiasis. 25 cases of failure to endoscopic stone extraction underwent LC and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration with primary suture of (BD) from June 2013 to June 2015. Results One patient was converted to laparotomy with small incision. The other one had residual stones and therefore underwent a second EST. After the treatment, two patients developed hyperamylasemia, which was cured by conservative therapy; One patient had bile leakage, which was treated by percutaneous drainage with no serious complications and death. No long-term complication was found in a portion of patients followed up until now. Conclusion In properly selected patients of duodenoscopy management-failed, synchronous treatment of combined application of three endoscopies in laparoscopic surgery with primary suture of (BD) is feasible, effective and safe.

OBJECTIVE To understand and use reasonably the strategy of prevention and management of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection(OPSI). METHODS According to intervention to patients with postsplenectomy by means of education,vaccination,antibotic prophylaxis after April 1998,clinical and follow-up data were reviewed and analyzed from 337 cases patients with traumatic splenectomy from Jan 1992 to Jan 2004,and correlative factors of four OPSI cases were further analyzed. RESULTS Incidence of OPSI descended obviously after intervention(P

Objective To assess the quantitative impact of the application of high-throughput sequencing worldwide on clinical virology.Methods The following records from 2000 to 2018 were collected from National Center for Biotechnology Information:The number of complete genome of virus records per year;the number of virus discovery articles per year;the number of virus quasi-species articles per year;the number of viral infection gene signature articles per year.The method of interrupted time series was applied to analyze the trends of those records.Results Since the sequencing centers worldwide began to transit from the Sanger sequencing to the high-throughput sequencing technology in 2008,the annual value of records mentioned above increased by 3.755,2.760,6.195 and 3.885 times respectively.The long-term trends of change of each record are as follows:the number of complete genome of virus records increased by 1639.991 per year (P＜0.001);the number of virus discovery articles increased by 83.091 per year (P＜0.001);the number of virus quasi-species articles increased by 2.509 per year (P＜ 0.001);the number of viral infection gene signature articles increased by 30.836 per year (P＜ 0.001).Conclusions In 2008,the sequencing centers worldwide began to apply high-throughput sequencing technology which led to continuous decrease of the cost for sequencing.It result ed in not only increasingly enriched applications in clinical virology but also a long-term positive impact on the advance of clinical virology.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome characterized by multiple organ failure and high short-term mortality rate, and it has always been a research hotspot in the field of severe liver diseases. Therefore, early and accurate risk stratification and timely intervention are of great significance to improve prognosis. This article summarizes the serum biomarkers identified in recent years for evaluating the prognosis of patients with ACLF, and it is pointed out that new serum biomarkers have an important guiding significance in the prognostic evaluation of ACLF patients.