In order to study the new function of riboflavin, the experiments of ri-boflavin on the prevention of teratogenesis were conducted. The experimental rats were divided into four groups A,B,C,D. A served as a control group, B,C,D, were given 50?g, 250ng and 1000?g of riboflavin respectively for one week intragastrically prior to the study. After pregnancy, all rats including controls were given teratogenic pesticide Dikushuang 0.75mg/kgbw for contaminaton intragastrically, riboflavin being given continually as before, to observe the effects on body weight growth and hemoglobin level of pregnant rats. The following parameters were measured: the reproduction of pregnant rats, the development of fetus and the teratogenic activity of fetus after animals were killed. The experimental results showed that the average body weight gain in the each dose groups of riboflavin were higher than the control group, but the difference was not significant. The hemoglobin levels at various experimental times were less significant among the groups.The rates of the resorption and the living fetus in 250?g and 1000?g groups were significantly lower than the control (P

Objective: To explore the extraction process of Trollii Flos Oral Liquid (TFOL). Methods: HPLC was used to determine orientin and vitexin in liquid extract of TFOL, using mass concentration of both as index. The orthogonal design L18(37) and reverse continuous cycle cryogenic extraction were used to extract Trollii Flos, the optimum extraction was determined, compared with the current standard of TFOL extraction process. Results: The optimum extraction conditions of reverse continuous cycle cryogenic extraction were as follows: extraction temperature 90°C, extraction time 2 h, powder type 10 mesh, added of 20 times water. The linear ranges of orientin and vitexin were 18.46-295.37 (r = 0.9999) and 5.84-93.44 μg/mL (r = 0.9999), the average recoveries of orientin and vitexin were 96.07%, RSD = 0.74% (n = 6), and 97.73%, RSD = 1.42% (n = 6), respectively. Conclusion: The technology of reverse continuous cycle cryogenic extraction is stable and feasible, and the extraction rate is high; The measurement method is accurate, sensitive, simple, and stability, and has good reproducibility. The extraction and determination methods could be used as production process and quality control reference of TFOL.

Objective:To observe the effect of modified Bazhentang on the nutritional status and immune function of patients with Qi and blood deficiency syndrome in neoadjuvant chemotherapy （NAC） for gastric cancer. Method:One hundred and ten patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group with 55 cases each. Both groups accepted FOLFOX6 protocol. Patients in control group took Jianpi Shengxue tablets orally， 3 tablets/time， 3 times/day. Patients in observation group received modified Bazhentang， 1 dose/day. The course of treatment was six weeks in both groups. Before and after treatment， scores were graded according to patient generated-subjective global assessment （PG-SGA）， Qi and blood deficiency syndrome， and the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale （PFS-R）. Levels of serum total protein （TB）， albumin （ALB）， prealbumin （PAB）， CD4⁺， CD8⁺， helper T lymphocyte 17 （Th17）， regulatory T cell （Treg）， immunoglobulin G （IgG）， IgM， and IgA were detected before and after therapy. Body mass index （BMI） and fat free mass index （FFMI） were measured before and after treatment. Weight loss was recorded， and the acute or subacute toxicity of anticancer drugs was evaluated. Result:The degree of malnutrition in the observation group was lower than that in the control group （Z=2.401，P<0.01）. The levels of TB， ALB and PAB in the observation group were higher than those in the control group （P<0.01）. The CD4⁺， Treg and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group （P<0.01）. The CD8⁺， Th17 and Th17/Treg levels were lower than those in the control group （P<0.01）. Besides， the levels of IgM and IgA in the observation group were higher than those in the control group （P<0.01）. The PG-SGA score and weight loss in the observation group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.01）. The BMI and FFMI data of the observation group were higher than those of the control group （P<0.05）. The scores of PFS-R and Qi-blood deficiency syndrome were lower than those of the control group （P<0.01）. The incidence of nausea and vomiting in the observation group was 45.45% （25/55）， lower than 65.45% （36/55） in the control group （χ²=4.452，P<0.05）. Conclusion:Modified Bazhentang can be used to assist gastric cancer patients with NAC， which can improve nutritional status and immune function， promote immune balance， reduce clinical symptoms and fatigue， and reduce chemotherapy toxicity and side effects， so it is worthy of clinical use.

The aim of the present study was to establish a minimally invasive H reflex model in mice for the benefit of the research of clinical spinal cord injury and related diseases. Minimally invasive surgery was performed in hind limb of Kunming mouse under light anesthesia. The skin was incised at the point of one-third of the distance from greater trochanter to the base of the cauda. A pair of fine copper conductors were inserted into the shallow muscle using a syringe needle. After the needles were withdrawed, the retained conductors were ligated and fixed with the tissues surrounding the sciatic nerve as the first pair of stimulating electrodes. Another pair of conductors were inserted and fixed in medial malleolus close to the tibial nerve as the second stimulating electrodes. Copper conductor was inserted passing the skin above the proximal end of the metatarsal and fixed as the recording electrode. The reference electrode was placed at the walking pad in the base of the big toe using the same method. Electromyography (EMG) was used to record M and H waves in planta pedis muscles. The stimulus was a square wave with a width of 0.2 ms and frequency of 0.3 Hz. The latency time of the M and H waves which were induced from the two pairs of stimulating electrodes was recorded. Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) was then calculated from the distance between the cathodes of the stimulating electrodes and the latency time difference of M or H waves. The result showed the achievement ratios of H reflex induction were 92.73% and 81.82% in sciatic and tibial nerves, respectively. The latency time of H wave was about 7~10 ms. Motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) obtained was (25.84 ± 4.70) m/s (n = 35), while sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) was (31.45 ± 7.30) m/s (n = 35). The method established in the present paper is simple to practice, does slight harm to the animal, and can produce waveforms with little interference. With these advantages, the method can be applied for the study of the latency of H reflex, and it is suitable for the researches which demands good physical condition of experimental animal during H reflex study. This model can also be applied to the detection of SNCV and MNCV.
Animals ; Electromyography ; H-Reflex ; physiology ; Hindlimb ; innervation ; Mice ; Neural Conduction ; physiology ; Tibial Nerve ; physiology

Retinal vein occlusion(RVO)is a common disease of retinopathy disorder, which is second only to diabetic retinopathy in the blinding rate. It can result in macular edema, neovascular glaucoma and other serious damage which all impair the visual function, even causing permanent, irreversible vision loss. In recent years, there is a deeper understanding of its occurrence and development with a large number of scholars have further study of RVO. This article reviews the pathogenesis, influencing factors of vision and treatment of RVO.

The purpose of this study is to assess the nutritional value and biological effect of Collybia Velutipes. The results were as follows: (1) 10% Collybia Velutipes extract contains 19210mg/L of total amino acid. It is more than the content in the equal amount of mushrooms. (2) The kindergarten children were fed with Collybia Velutipes product for 7 weeks. It was found that the height and the circumference of the mid-upper arm in the children were significantly higher than the control. (3) Weanling male and female rats of wistar strain were divided into two groups ana led the following diets: group l(control), Collybia Velutipes (CV) free diet; group 2(subject), diet containing 25% CV product which contains 2.5% dried CV. The rats were fed the diet ad libitum for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, we found that the food effect (FE) of the subject group was significantly higher than the control (P

OBJECTIVES: Sufentanil has a good protective effect on myocardial and liver injury caused by ischemia reperfusion (IR), but its protective effect on kidney is still unclear. This study aims to investigate whether sufentanil can prevent IR-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and to determine whether its efficacy is related to miR-145-mediated autophagy. METHODS: A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=8 in each group): A sham group, an IR group, a sufentanil group, a sufentanil+miR-145 inhibitor control group (an anti-NC group) and a sufentanil+miR-145 inhibitor group (an anti-miR-145 group). Except for the sham group, the other groups established a rat AKI model induced by IR. The sufentanil group, the sufentanil+anti-NC group, and the sufentanil+anti-miR-145 were injected with sufentanil (1 μg/kg) through femoral vein 30 min before ischemia. The sufentanil+anti-NC group and the sufentanil+anti-miR-145 group were injected with miR-145 inhibitor control or anti-miR-145 (80 mg/kg) through the tail vein before sufentanil pretreatment. The structure and function of kidneys harvested from the rats were evaluated, and the protein levels of autophagy-related proteins, oxidative stress levels, and apoptosis levels were measured. RESULTS: Compared with the IR group, the renal structure and function were improved in the sufentanil group. The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase related lipid transporter (NGAL), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and ROS were significantly decreased (all P<0.05). In addition, compared with the IR group, the levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 in renal tissues in the sufentanil group were significantly increased (both P<0.05), and the apoptosis in renal tissues was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Compared with the sufentanil+anti-NC group, the levels of BUN, Cr, KIM-1, NGAL, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and ROS in the sufentanil+anti-miR-145 group were significantly increased (all P<0.05), the levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 in renal tissues were significantly decreased (both P<0.05), and the apoptosis in renal tissues was significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Sufentanil can prevent the AKI induced by IR, which is related to the up-regulation of miR-145-mediated autophagy.
Animals ; Rats ; Acute Kidney Injury/pathology* ; Antagomirs ; Autophagy ; Beclin-1/metabolism* ; Creatinine ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Ischemia ; Kidney/pathology* ; Lipocalin-2 ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Reperfusion ; Reperfusion Injury/metabolism* ; Sufentanil/therapeutic use* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and the treatment of Zenker diverticulum (pharyngo esophagus diverticulum) in thyroid operation.

METHODSSeven cases suffering from thyroid masses diagnosed Zenker diverticulum in thyroid operation between July 2001 and December 2011 were reviewed.

RESULTSZenker diverticula in the patients were resected. Only one case was complicated with the formation of false capsular bag, infection and fistula postoperatively, but cured with draining eventually.

CONCLUSIONSZenker diverticulum may exist in some patients with thyroid mass. Resection of diverticulum may be performed in thyroid operation, with a good prognosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Zenker Diverticulum ; diagnosis ; surgery

Objective:To discuss the effect of Qili Qiangxin capsules on cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and Yang Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. Method:One hundred and seven patients were randomly divided into control group (53 cases) and observation group (54 cases) by random number table. Patients in control group got metoprolol succinate sustained-release tablet, 47.5 mg/time, 1 time/day, sacubitril valsartan sodium tablets, 50 mg/time, 1 time/day, hydrochlorothiazide tablets, 20 mg/time, 1 time/day, and spironolactone tablets, 20 mg/time, 1 time/day. In addition to the therapy of control group, patients in observation group were also given Qili Qiangxin capsules, 4 granules/time, 3 times/days. A course of treatment was 6 months. Before and after treatment, levels of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), left ventricular myocardial mass (LVM) and left ventricular myocardial mass index (LVMI) were recorded by echocardiography. The classification of cardiac function was recorded by New York College of Cardiology (NYHA). Lee's heart failure and Yang Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were scored. And levels of N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), soluble ST2 (sST2), galectin-3 (galectin-3), angiotensin-Ⅱ(Ang-Ⅱ), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1), type I procollagen carboxy-terminal peptide (PIP) and type I collagen carboxy-terminal cross-linking peptide (CITP) were detected. Result:After treatment, levels of LVEDd, LVESD, IVST, LVPWT, LVM and LVMI were lower than those in control group (P<0.05), while LVEF was higher than that in control group (P<0.05). According to the rank sum test, NYHA cardiac function classification was lighter than that in control group (Z=2.031, P<0.05). After treatment, level of NT-proBNP was lower than that in control group (P<0.01), Lee's heart failure score and Yang Qi deficiency, blood stasis syndrome score sST2, galectin-3, PIP, CITP, MMP-2, MMP-9 and Ang-Ⅱ were lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Conclusion:In addition to the routine western medicine, Qili Qiangxin capsules can relieve clinical symptoms, degree of heart failure of DCM patients and ventricular remodeling, ameliorate heart function, regulate levels of sST2, galectin-3, MMPs and Ang-Ⅱ, inhibit myocardial fibrosis, and delay heart failure.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanistic basis for the attenuation of bone degeneration by edible bird's nest (EBN) in ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Forty-two female Sprage-Dawley rats were randomized into 7 groups (6 in each group). The ovariectomized (OVX) and OVX + 6%, 3%, and 1.5% EBN and OVX +estrogen groups were given standard rat chow alone, standard rat chow +6%, 3%, and 1.5% EBN, or standard rat chow +estrogen therapy (0.2mg/kg per day), respectively. The sham-operation group was surgically opened without removing the ovaries. The control group did not have any surgical intervention. After 12 weeks of intervention, blood samples were taken for serum estrogen, osteocalcin, and osteoprotegerin, as well as the measurement of magnesium, calcium abd zinc concentrations. While femurs were removed from the surrounding muscles to measure bone mass density using the X-ray edge detection technique, then collected for histology and estrogen receptor (ER) immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Ovariectomy altered serum estrogen levels resulting in increased food intake and weight gain, while estrogen and EBN supplementation attenuated these changes. Ovariectomy also reduced bone ER expression and density, and the production of osteopcalcin and osteorotegerin, which are important pro-osteoplastic hormones that promote bone mineraliztion and density. Conversely, estrogen and EBN increased serum estrogen levels leading to increased bone ER expression, pro-osteoplastic hormone production and bone density (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION EBN could be used as a safe alternative to hormone replacement therapys for managing menopausal complications like bone degeneration.