Objective:To master the epidemic status and characteristics of skeletal fluorosis in the coal-burning-borne fluorosis affected areas of Chongqing, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating accurate prevention and control strategy for elimination of coal-burning-borne fluorosis.Methods:Stratified sampling method was used to select the villages with mild, moderate and severe coal-burning-borne fluorosis in Wushan and Pengshui, respectively in January-November 2018. The number of villages surveyed in each area was determined by the proportion of 5% to 10% of the actual number of the diseased villages. To investigate the resident population, all the adults over 25 years old in the village were examined for skeletal fluorosis through clinical and X-ray examination, and were diagnosed according to the "Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis" (WS 192-2008). The prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in different disease areas, different sexes, different ages (25 -, 35 -, 45 -, 55 -, ≥65 years old) were compared and analyzed. The number of cases of skeletal fluorosis in Chongqing was calculated according to the 2015 population survey data.Results:A total of 7 768 adults over 25 years old were investigated in 15 villages of 10 townships in 2 counties, and 478 people were diagnosed clinically as skeletal fluorosis, and the clinical detection rate was 6.15%. There were differences in the clinical diagnosis of skeletal fluorosis among different disease areas (χ 2 = 183.23, P < 0.01). There were significant differences among different age groups (χ 2 = 406.73, P < 0.01). But no difference was found among different sex groups (χ 2 = 0.32, P > 0.05). A total of 690 people were diagnosed as skeletal fluorisis by X-ray, the X-ray detection rate was 8.88%, and moderate and severe skeletal fluorosis detection rate was 4.20% (326/7 768). The X-ray diagnosis rates of skeletal fluorosis were different among different disease areas (χ 2 = 46.25, P < 0.01) and different age groups (χ 2 = 384.60, P < 0.01). There was no difference between different sexes groups(χ 2 = 1.77, P > 0.05). According to the different disense in Chongqing, there were about 48 770 cases of skeletal fluorosis diagnosed clinically and 72 630 cases diagnosed by X-ray. Conclusions:The more serious the disease area is, and the older the people's age is, the higher the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis will be. In the future, it is of great important to investigate the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in coal-burning-borne fluorosis areas in Chongqing.