Objective To investigate the expression of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) in contused brain and contralateral side and correlation of AQP4 level with brain edema.Methods A total of 70 health adult SD rats were divided into sham operation group (n =10) and brain contusion group (n =60) according to the random number table.Except for no impact in sham operation group,the remaining operations were the same in both groups.Ten rats in brain contusion group were separately sacrificed at 1,6,24,48 and 72 hours,and 7 days.Pathological changes in brain tissues of rats were detected and immunohistochemistry staining and Western-blot were used to measure AQP-4 expression.Results There were no abnormalities of brain tissue structure in sham operation group with AQP4 expressed mainly in glial cells and vascular endothelial cells.With respect to the injured side in brain contusion group,mixed brain edema that consisted of angioedema and cellular edema occurred along with tissue necrosis,massive inflammatory cell infiltration,and microgial proliferation.AQP4 was apparently expressed in gliocytes and vascular endothelial cells,which showed a fall at 1 hour,the lowest at 6 hours,the peak at 24 hours,slow fall at 48 hours,a second peak at 72 hours,and then a fall until 7 days.Level of AQP4 other than that at 1 hour had significant difference compared with sham operation group (P ＜ 0.01).Whereas the contralateral side in brain contusion group showed no pathological abnormalities at 1 hour,but cellular edema emerged at 6 hours followed by mixed brain edema mainly characterized as cellular edema at 24 hours,continued cellular edema but alleviated angioedema at 48 and 72 hours,and alleviated cellular edema at day 7.AQP4 was up-regulated in gliocytes and vascular endothelial cells,which decreased at 1 hour (1.313 ± 0.01),minimized at 6 hours (0.922 ± 0.03),peaked at 24 hours (2.848 ± 0.020),fell at 48 hours,peaked again at 72 hours (2.662 ± 0.02) and fell to almost normal level at day 7.By contrast with sham operation group,level of AQP4 had significant difference other than that at 1 hour and 7 days (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions After brain contusion,angioedema and subsequent cellular edema emerge in the contused side.Pathological changes are delayed in non-contused side with cellular edema ahead of angioedema.Level of AQP4 is closely related with traumatic brain edema.

Objective To explore the effect of Buyanghuanwu decoction on blood glucose control and renal function protection in patients with early diabetic nephropathy.Methods 170 cases of patients with early diabetic nephropathy from May 2012 to June 2013 in wenzhou hospital of integrated traditional chinese and western medicine were selected,all patients were divided into observation group and control group,the control group was given routine treatment,the observation group treatment with Buyanghuanwu decoction based on control group .The clinical effective rate was compared between the two groups after treatment,the levels of blood lipids, 24 h urine microalbumin and hemorheology were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was 90.59%,which was significantly higher than the control group 76.47% (P<0.05).Compared with before treatment,the levels of triglycerides and cholesterol decreased in two groups,high-density lipoprotein levels increased,24 h urine microalbumin decreased,whole blood viscosity,whole blood viscosity trimming and fibrinogen decreased,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in observation group was lower,high-density lipoprotein was higher,24 h urine microalbumin was lower,whole blood viscosity,whole blood viscosity trimming and fibrinogen were lower,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Buyanghuanwu decoction in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy is effective in treating diabetic nephropathy,it can effectively reduce blood lipids and blood viscosity,significantly reduce urinary protein excretion and protect the kidneys.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), one of the major pathogens of viral hepatitis, causes significant hazards in humans. Interferon treatment in combination with ribavirin is used as the first line clinical treatment for HCV infection. However, good response to this treatment has only been observed in few patients and repeated recurrence has also been reported frequently. Therefore, new antiviral agents and therapies are in urgent demand. Here, we report a newly constructed Escherichia coli RNase P based M1GS ribozyme that can specifically and efficiently target the core gene of HCV. The guide sequence (GS) of this M1IGS was designed according to the sequence of the core coding region of HCV genome. The GS was then covalently linked to the 3' terminus of M1 RNA, the catalytic subunit of RNase P from Escherichia coli. The specification of this sequence-specific ribozyme, M1GS, was then examined using an in vitro cleavage assay. The cytotoxicity and its activity in inhibition of HCV gene expression and viral proliferation were further studied in vivo. Our results show that the reconstructed M1GS ribozyme displayed obvious catalytic activity in cleaving target mRNAs fragment in vitro. Notable reduction in the expression of HCV core protein and a 1 000-fold reduction in viral growth were also observed in cultured HCV infected Huh7.5.1 cells expressing the functional M1GS ribozyme. This study demonstrated a direct evidence for the antiviral activity of the customized M1GS-HCV/C141 ribozyme, and thus provided a promising new strategy for clinical treatment of HCV infection.
Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; physiology ; RNA, Catalytic ; genetics ; pharmacology ; RNA, Guide ; genetics ; Ribonuclease P ; genetics ; Viral Core Proteins ; genetics

Through the study on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) data mining methods, the traditional mining model was revealed to have certain limitations. New ways and means should be searched in order to tap the potential, deep level and greater value of TCM knowledge. In view of the situation, advantages of strategy pattern thought for medicine data mining were discussed. And deep research was carried on. New ideas on TCM data mining based on strategy pattern was proposed.

Objective To explore advantage of RNA guiding activity in vitro cleavage assay and intracellular antivi-ral effects for hepatitis C, basing on one external guide sequence (EGS)sequence of the conserved region of 5′UTR of HCV genome .Methods We analyzed the sequence and structure of the conserved region of 5′UTR of HCV ge-nome with computer software and designed one EGS which was direct at the potential targeting site ( C67-G68 ) .We tested the gene expression of HCV in Northern blot and Western blot and its antiviral activity by fluorescence quan -titative PCR in the Huh7.5.1 cell which was transfected by EGS-C67 .Results EGS-C67 had obvious advantage of RNA guiding activity in vitro cleavage assay .EGS-C67 obviously inhibited the gene expression of HCV and inhibit the proliferation of HCV and down-regulate the titer of HCV about 150 times( P<0.01 ) .Conclusions EGS-C67 , the new antiviral RNA has notably antiviral activity in cultured cells , thus could provide a new promising approach for development of anti-HCV strategy .

Objective To compare the characteristics of plantar pressure between old and young people walking on flat. Methods 30 persons aged 55-65 years and 30 students aged 18-23 years were measured with a kind of plantar pressure measurement Footscan when they walked naturally, including impulse, max force, load rate of 10 regions, and distribution of the contact area of medial and lateral heels. Results The impulse was significantly different in 7 regions between both sides in the old people, and in 3 regions in the students. The impulse was significantly less in the old people than in the students (P<0.05). The max force was significantly different in 6 regions between both sides in the old people, and in 3 regions in the students. The max force was significantly less in the old people than in the students (P<0.05). The load rate was significantly different in 7 regions between both sides in old people, and in 3 regions in students. The load rate was significantly less in the old people than in the students (P<0.05). The contact area was larger in the medial heel than the lateral heel in old people group (P<0.05), and it was different between left and right foot. While the contact area was smaller in the medial heel than the lateral heel in the students (P<0.05), and there was no difference between left and right foot (P>0.05). Conclusion The impulse, max force, load rate decrease in the old people with the imbalance of distribution of the pressure between left and right.

Objective To compare the effects of celecoxib and amniotic membrane suspension (AMS) on corneal neovascularization (CNV) area and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloprotein-ase-9 (MMP-9) in the growth of corneal neovascularization after thermal burn in rabbits,and provide a theoretical basis of celecoxib for the clinical treatment of corneal neovascularization.Methods Left corneas of 36 rabbits were burned by the home-made burning-device,and randomly divided to three groups:negative control group (n =12),AMS group (n =12) and celecoxib group (n =12),were respectively sub-conjunctival injected by 90 g · L-1 saline (0.1 mL),AMS (0.1 mL) and 8 mg · mL-1 celecoxib solution (0.1 mL).The histological morphology,growth condition and area of CNV were compared under slit lamp microscope at 4 days,7 days and 14 days after thermal-burned.At 7 days after thermal-burned,four appropriate corneas were randomly taken to detect the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by immunohistochemistry,and the results were analyzed by computer image analysis system.Results At 4 days,7 days,14 days after thermal-burned,the areas of neovascularization were (11.32 ± 1.11)mm2,(38.49 ± 4.64) mm2,(43.30 ± 4.39) mm2 in negative control group,(9.69 ± 1.30) mm2,(31.15 ± 4.85)mm2,(37.19 ± 5.27) mm2 in AMS group,(8.47 ± 1.20)mm2,(30.31 ± 4.93) mm2,(36.69 ± 3.54) mm2 in celecoxib group,respectively.At different time points,neovascularization area in AMS group or celecoxib group was significantly lower than negative control group (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no difference between AMS and celecoxib group (all P ＞ 0.05).At 7 days after thermal-burned,the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was not different between AMS group and celecoxib group (all P ＞ 0.05),and significantly lower than negative control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Celecoxib and amniotic membrane suspension can all effectively inhibit CNV after thermal-burned,which may be related to the down-regulated expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 in thermal-burned corneas.

Objective:To compare the concordance between subjective experience and clinician-rated in different treatment phrase of elderly patients with depressive disorder,and to explore the relevant factors.Methods:Sixty-nine consecutive elderly patiems with depressive disorder diagnosed with International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria were included.The Visual Scale for Depression(VSD) were used to evaluate subjective experience of depression,while the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA),Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used by clinician to evaluate depression symptom,anxiety symptom and cognition at baseline,2-,4-and 52-week of the treatment respectively.Results:Compared with baseline,VSD scores were increased at 2 weeks and 4 weeks [(2.7 ± 1.6),(5.3 ± 2.0) vs.(7.0 ± 1.8),P ＜ 0.001],HAMD scores were decreased at 2 weeks and 4 weeks [(36 ± 11),(17 ±9) vs.(9 ±8),P ＜0.001],HAMA scores were decreased at 2 weeks and 4 weeks [(27 ± 10),(14 ±8) vs.(7 ±6),P ＜0.001].No significant differences were found between 4 weeks and 52 weeks.There was no correlation between VSD and HAMD scores at baseline and 2 weeks.There were significant correlations among scores of VSD and HAMD(r =-0.31,-0.74,Ps ＜ 0.05),HAMA (r =-0.36,-0.76,Ps ＜ 0.05) at 4 weeks and 52 weeks.Using logistic regression analysis,the concordance between VSD and HAMD related with the factors of HAMD,higher scores of anxiety/somatization factor were associated with lower concordance (OR =0.87),and higher scores of weight factor (OR =1.86),diurnal variation factor (OR =2.00),hopelessness factor (OR =1.13) were associated with higher concordance.Conclusion:Compared with acute depression phase,concordance between subjective experience and clinician-rated for depression may be higher at depression remission phase in elderly patients with depression,which suggests that characteristics of depression symptom may have a certain impact on the self-awareness for depression experience.

BACKGROUND:Establishing a highly successful, safe, reliable standard spinal cord transection model is the precondition of studying spinal cord injury repair. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the value of preparing spinal cord transection model in rats and the effects of laminectomy on spinal cord. METHODS: We searched the randomized controled trials involving rat models of spinal cord transection in the databases of PubMed, CNKI, VIP and WanFang. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:11 randomized controled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria (two in English, 9 in Chinese), and a total of 394 rats were included in the study. There were significant differences in the lower limb motor function scores (BBB scores) within 1-6 weeks after injury (WMD=-12.86, 95%CI-16.10 to-9.62,P < 0.01) and electrophysiological indices within 4 weeks after injury (WMD=15.36, 95%CI 11.36 to 19.36,P < 0.01) between spinal cord hemisection group and laminectomy group. The BBB scores after 6 weeks were not significantly different between these two groups (WMD=-10.28; 95%CI-24.20 to 3.64;P=0.15). There were significant differences in the lower limb motor function scores (BBB scores) within 1-6 weeks after injury (WMD=

Better governance of private hospitals is key to deepening the health reform.In view of the present development of private hospitals in Hubei province,this paper expounded the characteristics development of private hospitals and the governance of specific measures in the province and analyzed the defects found in the legal system and mechanism.The authors also raised such recommendations as perfecting the legal system and improving the mechanism of information disclosure and evaluation.