Prostate cancer is one of the life threatening disorders for human being, which has a high incidence over the world. At present, treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, cryosurgery, chemotherapy and hormonal therapy etc. Also, dietary modifications may decrease incidence of developing prostate cancer. This article summarizes current treat-ments, which may be helpful to prevent life threatening disease.

Objective To compare the transurenthral resection to radical cystectomy on muscle invasive bladder cancer, and to explore the factors affecting the prognosis. Methods Data of 74 patients with muscle invasive bladder can?cer were retrospectively analyzed. There were 38 cases underwent radical cystectomy (group A), and were treated with intra?venous chemotherapy after operation. There were 36 cases underwent transurenthral resection (group B), and were treated with intravenous and urinary bladder irrigation chemotherapy. All patients were followed up 61 (5-91) months. Data were compared between two groups including duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, the cumulative length of hospital stay, cancer recurrence rate and 5-year survival rate . The factors may affecting the prognosis in patients were collected and ana?lyzed by the Log-rank univariate and Cox multivariate analyzed. Results The values of operation time, intraoperative blood loss and the cumulative length of hospital stay were significantly lower in group B than those of group A ( P<0.01). There were no significant differences in cancer recurrence rate and 5-year survival rate between two groups (P>0.05). Results of the Log-rank univariate analysis showed that the tumor size≥5 cm and T3 stage were the important factors of 5-year relapse-free survival rate and 5-year overall survival rate. Results of the Cox multivariate analysis showed that the tumor size≥5 cm (RR=3.687, 95%CI:1.913-7.105, P<0.001) was the important factor of recurrence in patients after operation. T3 stage (RR=3.325, 95%CI:1.437-7.695, P=0.005) and tumor size≥5 cm (RR=5.017, 95%CI:2.440-10.317, P=0.002) were the risk fac?tors of the 5-year overall survival rate. Conclusion The transurenthral resection with intravenous and urinary bladder irri?gation chemotherapy deserves recommendation for the treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer. Tumor size ≥5 cm and T3 stage are the important factors for the prognosis.

Objective To observe the preventive effect of dexmedetomidine on penile erection(PE) after general anesthesia induction and urinary bladder irritation during recovery(UBIR) with urethral catheterization in male patients.Methods A total of 1000 male patients with ASA grade Ⅰ ～ Ⅱ were randomly divided into control group(group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D,n =500).Dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) was intravenous pumped in group D and saline was given in group C 15 minutes before anesthesia induction.Both groups started catheterization within 10 minutes after endotracheal intubation.The incidence and grade of PE before infusion(To),before induction(T1),before catheterization(T2) and during catheterization (T3) were observed.The degree and extent of UBIR were observed and recorded.Results The incidence and grade of PE at T3 time-point in group C were highest (Compared with T2 and other time-points,P ＜ 0.05),but there was no statistically differences in incidence and grade of PE in group D between at T3 and T2time points (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of PE at T2 and T3 time-points were 4.0％ and 5.6％ in group D,which was significantly lower than those in group C (15.4％,77.8％,P＜0.05).The incidence of PE at grade 1,2 and3 was 4.4％,1.0％ and0.2％ respectively in group D,which was significantly lower than those in group C (62.6％,11.4％,3.8％,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of UBIR was significantly lower (28.4％ vs 63.0％,P ＜ 0.05),among which the incidence of UBIR at grade 1,2 and 3 were 15.6％,10.4％ and 2.4％,which was significantly lower in group D than those in group C (22.0％,21.0％,20.0％,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion 1μg/kg dexmedetomidine pumped before anesthesia induction could prevent the occurrence of PE during catheterization and UBIR,which can improve patients' comfort.

Macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases because of its plasticity and diversity.The Notch signaling pathway is a key regulator of the biological function of macrophage and has a complex network connection with many other signaling pathways.This paper reviews the conduction of Notch signaling pathway and its regulation on the polarization of macro-phages.

Objective To observe the effects of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the expression of neurotrophic factor protein gene in the retinal detachment (RD) rabbits.Methods 60 healthy rabbits were randomly divided into control group (group A),retinal detachment with PBS group (group B),retinal detachment with BMSCs group (group C),20 rabbits in each group.RD model were established for rabbits in group B and C.10 μl PBS was injected into the subretinal space of rabbits in group B,while 10 μl CM-Dil labeled BMSC PBS was injected into subretinal space of rabbits in group C.The rabbits in the group A received no treatment.At 1,2 and 4 weeks after modeling,the mRNA expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF),brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) were measured by real-time quantitative PCR.Results At 1,2 and 4 weeks after modeling,the mRNA expression of bFGF,BDNF,CNTF on retinal tissue were increased significantly in group C as compared with group A and B (P＜0.01).At 1 week after modeling,the mRNA expression of bFGF and CNTF on retinal tissue were increased significantly in group B as compared with group A,the mRNA expression of BDNF on retinal tissue in group B was similar with group C.At 2 and 4 weeks after modeling,the mRNA expression of bFGF,BDNF,CNTF were decreased in group B as compared with group A.Conclusion Subretinal transplantation of BMSC can increase the mRNA expression of bFGF,BDNF and CNTF on retinal tissue in RD rabbits.

Objective:To compare the concordance between subjective experience and clinician-rated in different treatment phrase of elderly patients with depressive disorder,and to explore the relevant factors.Methods:Sixty-nine consecutive elderly patiems with depressive disorder diagnosed with International Classification of Diseases-10 criteria were included.The Visual Scale for Depression(VSD) were used to evaluate subjective experience of depression,while the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA),Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used by clinician to evaluate depression symptom,anxiety symptom and cognition at baseline,2-,4-and 52-week of the treatment respectively.Results:Compared with baseline,VSD scores were increased at 2 weeks and 4 weeks [(2.7 ± 1.6),(5.3 ± 2.0) vs.(7.0 ± 1.8),P ＜ 0.001],HAMD scores were decreased at 2 weeks and 4 weeks [(36 ± 11),(17 ±9) vs.(9 ±8),P ＜0.001],HAMA scores were decreased at 2 weeks and 4 weeks [(27 ± 10),(14 ±8) vs.(7 ±6),P ＜0.001].No significant differences were found between 4 weeks and 52 weeks.There was no correlation between VSD and HAMD scores at baseline and 2 weeks.There were significant correlations among scores of VSD and HAMD(r =-0.31,-0.74,Ps ＜ 0.05),HAMA (r =-0.36,-0.76,Ps ＜ 0.05) at 4 weeks and 52 weeks.Using logistic regression analysis,the concordance between VSD and HAMD related with the factors of HAMD,higher scores of anxiety/somatization factor were associated with lower concordance (OR =0.87),and higher scores of weight factor (OR =1.86),diurnal variation factor (OR =2.00),hopelessness factor (OR =1.13) were associated with higher concordance.Conclusion:Compared with acute depression phase,concordance between subjective experience and clinician-rated for depression may be higher at depression remission phase in elderly patients with depression,which suggests that characteristics of depression symptom may have a certain impact on the self-awareness for depression experience.

Objective:A method that is based on microfluidic cell chip technology was developed for the first time to analyze CD14+monocyte myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression in myelomonocytic leukemia (M4) patients. CD14+monocyte MPO expression in M4 patients was preliminarily discussed. Methods:a. The chip was prepared by using polydimethylsiloxane as the host material and by secondary foam molding. b. A total of 48 clinically diagnosed M4 patients and 52 patients with normal myelogram were included as the test and control groups, respectively. c. A method based on the microfluidic cell chip approach was established to detect CD14+mono-cytes and to determine the positive rate and degree of MPO expression in the cells. d. The microfluidic cell chip technique was used to compare CD14+monocyte MPO expression in M4 patients with that in the control. Results:a. The designed microfluidic single cell analysis chip allowed the entry of granulocytes into the corresponding microfluidic channels. Thus, blood cells were separated. Numer-ous ghost corpuscles surrounded the separated white blood cells (WBCs). WBC morphology did not show obvious changes. b. The posi-tive rate of MPO expression and the activity of CD14+monocytes in the bone marrow of M4 patients were significantly higher than those in the bone marrow of the control (P<0.05). Conclusion:A method based on microfluidic single cell technology was developed for the first time to analyze the MPO expression in CD14+monocytes. CD14+monocyte MPO activity in M4 patients was significantly higher than in the control. CD14+monocyte MPO activity can be used as an auxiliary examination marker for clinical diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and methods of diagnosis and treatment of granular lymphocytic leukemia (LGLL).Methods Clinical data of 3 patients with LGLL were retrospectively analyzed and relevant literature was reviewed.Results 3 patients were all onset with lymphocytosis,whose conditions progressed slowly.The diagnosis of 2 patients was T-LGLL with immunological characteristics of CD3+ CD4 CD8+ CD56-CD57+.The other patient' s diagnosis was NK-LGLL,whose immunological characteristic was CD3-CD4-CD8-CD56+ CD57-.Two of them didn' t need any treatment.One of them was treated with cyclosporine because of agranulocytosis and recurrent infection.Conclusions LGLL is a group of heterogeneous diseases,which clinical characteristic and prognosis are different.Flow cytometric immunopheotype,TCR Vβ analysis and TCR gene rearrangement are helpful to diagnosis.

Objective To study the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil on postoperative analgesia and stress response in laparoscopic gastrectomy .Methods 80 patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic resection from March 2014 to March 2015 in Yiwu Central Hospital were selected as the subjects . According to draw method ,the patients were divided into the observation group and the control group ,with 40 patients in each group.All patients were treated with laparoscopic resection,midazolam,atropine sulfate,propofol,sufentanil citrate and rocuronium were used for anesthesia .The control group was given sufentanil analgesia after operation ,while the observation group was given dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil .The awake time ,extubation time ,agitation rate,incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD),epinephrine(E),norepinephrine(NE),cortisol(Cor), oxygen saturation(SpO2),mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),visual analogue scale(VAS) and changes of inflammatory factors in T0(before operation),T1(at the end of surgery),T2(extubation),T3(10 min after extuba-tion),T4(20 min after extubation) of the two groups were compared .Results There was no statistically significant differences between the two groups in awake time and extubation time (all P>0.05).The incidence rates of restless-ness and POCD in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (5.0％vs.25.0％, 7.5％vs.30.0％)(χ2 =6.275,6.646,all P<0.05).At T1,T2,T3 and T4,the E,NE and Cor levels in the two groups were significantly higher than those in T0(all P<0.05),the levels at T2 were the highest,then graduallydeclined ,the rising degree and maximum values of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(all P<0.05).The elevated degree of MAP in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).At T1,T2,T3,HR in the control group significantly increased (all P<0.05),HR at T2 was the highest,at T4 droped.At T1,T2,T3 and T4,HR in the observation group all decreased ,which were lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05).Postoperative 4h,8h,24h,the VAS scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group [(4.30 ±0.50) points vs.(7.07 ±0.98) points,(4.01 ± 0.46) points vs.(6.28 ±0.90) points,(2.79 ±0.31) points vs.(4.27 ±0.60) points](t =15.924,14.204, 13.860,all P<0.05).The levels of TNF -α,IL-6 and IL-10 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( all P <0.05 ).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil has significant analgesic effect in laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer .It can stabilize the hemodynamics , relieve stress reaction and regulate inflammatory factors ,and is beneficial to the recovery of the patients .

Objective:To investigate wake-promoting effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on brain injury-induced coma and the possible mechanism.Method:Fifty-four adult SD rats were randomly divided into three groups with 18 rats in each group.They were blank group,traumatic brain injury-induced coma (TBI) group and tDCS group.Using classical free fall method to create brain injury-induced coma and then treated rats with tDCS,consciousness level of rats were assessed at 6h,12h,24h time points.After consciousness level evaluation,rats were put to death and then the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of rats were extracted.Western Blot method was used to determine the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in three groups.Result:Eighteen rats in control group,6 rats in TBI group and 11 rats in tDCS group awakened.BDNF expression in TBI group was higher than that in blank group in PFC and hippocampus.More over,at 12h in PFC and at 6h in hippocampus,BDNF expression in tDCS group was higher than that in TBI group with statistically significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:tDCS can improve the consciousness level of coma rats following TBI and the mechanism may be related to upregulation of BDNF expression in the PFC and hippocampus of rats.