Objective To evaluate the role of two-dimensional ultrasound, conventional color and power Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis. Methods Eighty-three patients with knee osteoarthritis (118 knee joints) and 61 healthy subjects as a control received clinical, laboratory and ultrasound examinations. Results A higly significant difference in the thickness of knee articular cartilage between the patients and controls was found by ultrasound examination(P

BACKGROUND: Tumor stem cells are a small number of types of tumor cells that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into different types of tumor cells. Oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells are highly tumorigenic and play a role in tumor differentiation, treatment resistance, recurrence and metastasis. Simultaneously, tumor stem cells have great similarities with normal stem cells, so it is necessary to establish effective and accurate tumor stem cell identification methods; and corresponding targeted treatment strategies are designed to help the prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current methods used in the literature to identify and isolate oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells, analyze potential targets for oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells, and summarize the potential research progress on targets. METHODS: Computers were used to retrieve the CNKI and PubMed databases for relevant literature published since its establishment to 2020. The English key words were “oral squamous cell carcinoma, OSCC, cancer stem cells, HNSCC, head and neck squamous carcinoma cell”. Chinese key words were “oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells, oral squamous cell carcinoma, tumor stem cells, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma”. Retrieval results were summarized and analyzed to exclude low-relevance, duplicate, and obsolete documents. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Targeted intervention of oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells has important clinical significance. CD44, CD133 and ALDH are currently the most suitable biomarkers for the identification and isolation of oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells. They are the same as Oct3/4, Nanog, Sox2, Bmi1, EGFR signaling pathway, SHH signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, Let-7 family, MicroRNA-200 family and natural compounds together as potential targets for targeted therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma stem cells.

Objective To investigate the wake-promoting effect of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on coma rats after traumatic brain in-jury (TBI), and the related mechanism. Methods A total of 168 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank group, TBI group, antagonist group and VNS group, 42 rats in each group. The latter three groups were established TBI model with impact, and the rats in coma at least 30 minutes were included. VNS group accepted VNS, the antagonist group were injected intralateroventricularly Orexin A receptor 1 (OXR1) antagonist SB334867, and TBI group accepted sham VNS. Their behaviors were observed to determine the level of con-sciousness six, twelve and 24 hours after intervention, while the expression ofγ-aminobutyric acid b1 receptor (GABAb1R) in prefrontal cortex was detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results There were 42 rats in the blank group, 11 rats in TBI group, 13 rats in the antagonist group, and 28 rats in VNS group awakened finally. The expression of GABAb1R in prefrontal cortex ranged as TBI group, antagonist group, blank group and VNS group from more to less twelve and 24 hours after intervention under Western blotting (F>60.412, P<0.001), and it ranged as TBI group, antagonist group, VNS group and blank group under immunohistochemistry (H=15.121, P=0.002), with no significant difference among time points (H=3.028, P=0.220). Conclusion VNS can promote waking from coma in rats after TBI, which may relate with the decrease of GABAb1R in prefrontal cortex that induced by Orexin A.

Objective:To investigate wake-promoting effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on brain injury-induced coma and the possible mechanism.Method:Fifty-four adult SD rats were randomly divided into three groups with 18 rats in each group.They were blank group,traumatic brain injury-induced coma (TBI) group and tDCS group.Using classical free fall method to create brain injury-induced coma and then treated rats with tDCS,consciousness level of rats were assessed at 6h,12h,24h time points.After consciousness level evaluation,rats were put to death and then the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of rats were extracted.Western Blot method was used to determine the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in three groups.Result:Eighteen rats in control group,6 rats in TBI group and 11 rats in tDCS group awakened.BDNF expression in TBI group was higher than that in blank group in PFC and hippocampus.More over,at 12h in PFC and at 6h in hippocampus,BDNF expression in tDCS group was higher than that in TBI group with statistically significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:tDCS can improve the consciousness level of coma rats following TBI and the mechanism may be related to upregulation of BDNF expression in the PFC and hippocampus of rats.

Family with sequence similarity 3 (FAM3) gene family is closely related to human tumors, and plays an important role in glucose and lipid metabolism and angiogenesis, and it is related to the occurrence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma and breast cancer. Analysis of the role of the FAM3 gene family in glycolipid metabolism and tumors may be of great significance for understanding the occurrence and development of human tumors.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) can cause various oral dysfunctions in patients and can turn into oral cancer. The causes and processes of OSF malignant transformation involve betel nut chewing, vascular atrophy, tissue hypoxia, cell cycle changes, aging, autophagy, and changes in cancer/cancer suppressor genes and microRNAs. It is of great significance to study the causes and process of OSF malignant transformation for the treatment and prevention of OSF malignant transformation.

Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) has been extensively studied as a tumor suppressor. In oral squamous cell carcinoma, studies have demonstrated that FOXO1 can inhibit tumor cell oxidative stress, stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and promote tumor cell autophagy and apoptosis. FOXO1 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND:The application of orthodontic force triggers autophagy in the periodontal tissue via diverse signaling pathways,augmenting or attenuating the activity of relevant cell types such as periodontal ligament cells,osteocytes,osteoclasts,and osteoblasts,thus facilitating the process of periodontal remodeling. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress in orthodontic force mediated autophagy in periodontal tissue and its impact on orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS:The PubMed,Web of Science,China Biology Medicine disc and CNKI were searched for literature published from 2010 to 2023 to summarize the progress in orthodontics-related autophagy.And 76 papers were finally included in the analysis and discussion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Orthodontic force can trigger a series of biochemical signal changes through periodontal mechanical receptors and aseptic inflammation they cause,leading to autophagy in periodontal tissue.Subsequently,autophagy generates corresponding feedback through cascaded amplified signaling pathways such as Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B,Hippo,and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways,promoting periodontal tissue remodeling and ultimately achieving tooth movement and stability.Orthodontic force-induced autophagy can differentially regulate bone resorption on the tooth pressure side and bone formation on the tension side.Related targets have good prospects in the clinical application of orthodontic treatment.Orthodontics and autophagy have complex mechanisms.However,existing research has only focused on exploring the role of autophagy in orthodontic tooth movement.Further exploration is needed to investigate the mutual regulatory effects between autophagy and orthodontic tooth movement,as well as the interactions between upstream mechanical receptors and signaling pathways involved in related pathways.

Objective:To investigate the acceptance and attitude toward a novel fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in colorectal cancer screening among populations in China.Methods:From May 2018 to May 2019, 2 474 people aged 50-74 years were recruited from five provinces of China (Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hunan and Yunnan). The general demographic characteristics, acceptance of the new FIT technology and operational difficulties through the whole screening process were obtained through questionnaire survey. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors related to difficulties encountered in sampling stool, reading and uploading results.Results:The subjects were (60.0±6.4) years old, and female, high school of above educated, unemployed/retired/other, married and with medical insurance status of “new rural cooperative medical care (NRCMC)” accounted for 61.7% (1 526), 29.0%(718), 34.3% (849), 92.7% (2 293) and 31.3%(775), respectively. The population's acceptance of the FIT technology was 94.8%. In the process of FIT screening, the percentage of occurred difficulties in sampling stool, reading and uploading results were 33.1% (819), 46.4% (1 147) and 62.9% (1 557), respectively. The main difficulties were the uncertainty about whether the sampling operation was standard (28.0%), the inability to accurately judge the result displayed (32.5%) and the need for help without using a smartphone (44.2%). The results of multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that people aged 65-74 years old and with medical insurance status of “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in sampling, and those who were unemployed/retired/other and living with 3 or more family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in sampling. Those aged 65-74 years old, farmers or migrant workers, and those with “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in readingresults, and those with 3 or more family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in reading result. Those with “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in uploading results, and those with education level of high school or above, living with more than 3 family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in uploading results.Conclusion:The acceptance of the new FIT technology is relatively high among the subjects. Age, education level, occupation, number of family members living together and medical insurance status might be related to difficulties encountered in sampling stool, reading and uploading results, and it can be further strengthened in terms of the technology and characteristics of sub-populations.

Objective:To investigate the acceptance and attitude toward a novel fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in colorectal cancer screening among populations in China.Methods:From May 2018 to May 2019, 2 474 people aged 50-74 years were recruited from five provinces of China (Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hunan and Yunnan). The general demographic characteristics, acceptance of the new FIT technology and operational difficulties through the whole screening process were obtained through questionnaire survey. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors related to difficulties encountered in sampling stool, reading and uploading results.Results:The subjects were (60.0±6.4) years old, and female, high school of above educated, unemployed/retired/other, married and with medical insurance status of “new rural cooperative medical care (NRCMC)” accounted for 61.7% (1 526), 29.0%(718), 34.3% (849), 92.7% (2 293) and 31.3%(775), respectively. The population's acceptance of the FIT technology was 94.8%. In the process of FIT screening, the percentage of occurred difficulties in sampling stool, reading and uploading results were 33.1% (819), 46.4% (1 147) and 62.9% (1 557), respectively. The main difficulties were the uncertainty about whether the sampling operation was standard (28.0%), the inability to accurately judge the result displayed (32.5%) and the need for help without using a smartphone (44.2%). The results of multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that people aged 65-74 years old and with medical insurance status of “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in sampling, and those who were unemployed/retired/other and living with 3 or more family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in sampling. Those aged 65-74 years old, farmers or migrant workers, and those with “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in readingresults, and those with 3 or more family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in reading result. Those with “NRCMC” were more likely to encounter difficulties in uploading results, and those with education level of high school or above, living with more than 3 family members were less likely to encounter difficulties in uploading results.Conclusion:The acceptance of the new FIT technology is relatively high among the subjects. Age, education level, occupation, number of family members living together and medical insurance status might be related to difficulties encountered in sampling stool, reading and uploading results, and it can be further strengthened in terms of the technology and characteristics of sub-populations.