AIM To investigate the changes of vascular systiolic/relaxant function in sino-aortic denervated rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were underwent sino-aortic denervation (SAD). The sinoaortic denervated (SAD) rats were adopted as a model of arterial baroreflex deficit. SAD, isolated aortic-denervated (AD) and isolated sinus-denervated (SD) rats were instrumented chronically to record blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), BP variability (BPV), HR variability (HRV), arterial baroreflex function control of heart period (ABR-HP) and BP (ABR-BP). The vascular maximum contractile/relaxant function was determined through cumulative venous injection of phenylephrine (SBP max ) and nitroprusside(DBP min ) both after ganglionic blokade. RESULTS Acute SAD(1 week after operation) caused hypertension and tachycardia in rats. Eighteen weeks after operation, BP and HR values in SAD and SD rats were not different from those in sham-operated rats, but AD rats were hypertensive compared with control group. Though the 24 h mean BP values of chronic (18 weeks after operation) SAD rats was not different from those in the sham-operated rats, 24 h BPV of SAD rats was significantly higher when compared with sham-operated rats. ABR function in the acute SAD rats was significantly decreased when compared with sham-operated rats, whereas in chronic SAD rats, both ABR-HP and ABR-BP were higher than those in acute SAD rats, but were still significantly lower than those in control groups. 18 weeks after operation, ABR function in SAD and AD rats were significantly decreased when compared with those in SD and control groups. SBP max after phenylephrine and DBP min after nitroprusside were significantly higher in SAD, AD and SD rats than in control group. ABR function was negatively correlated to DBP min ( r =-0.677 for ABR-HP, and r =-0.681 for ABR-BP; P

Objective To provide rationales for preventing and treating dyslipidemia by understanding the current status of lipids and related metabolic factors.Methods A total of 2 590 permanent residents aged ≥ 18 years were selected by random cluster sampling from three urbanized communities of Sijiqing Street.And the rate of abnormal lipid metabolism was calculated for different ages and genders.Spearman's correlation analyses were conducted for the levels of total cholesterol (TC),total triglyceride (TG),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C),body mass index (BMI),waist circumference (WC),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1 c) and uric acid (UA) levels.Both x2 test and logisic regression were employed to examine the correlations between dyslipidemia and overweight/obesity,hypertension,hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia.Results ① The total rate of abnormal lipid metabolism was 60.0％ (1 554/2 590) with a standardized rate of 57.2％.High TC rate was 42.9％ (1 111/2 590) with a standardized rate of 40.5％.And the edge incremental rate was 31.7％ (822/ 2 590),the standardized rate 30.5％,the incremental rate 11.2％ (289/2 590) and the standardized rate 10.0％.High TG rate was 33.0％ (855/2 590) with a standardized rate of 30.7％.And the edge incremental rate was 15.3％ (397/2 590),the standardized rate 14.3％,the incremental rate 17.7％ (458/2 590) and the standardized rate 16.4％.High LDL-C rate was 30.4％ (787/2 590) with a standardized rate of 28.4％.And the edge incremental rate was 22.9％ (594/2 590),the standardized rate 21.7％,the incremental rate 7.5％ (193/2 590) and the standardized rate 6.7％.Low HDL-C rate was 12.6％ (327/2 590) with a standardized rate of 12.8％.The rates of high TC,high TG,high LDL-C,low HDL-C and abnormal lipid metabolism among gender showed no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05);② For both males & females,high TC rate,high TG rate,high LDL-C rate and total rate of abnormal lipid metabolism increased with age (P ＜ 0.01) while low HDL-C rate did not change with age (P ＞ 0.05);③Spearman's correlation analysis showed that the levels of TC,TG and LDL-C were positively correlated with BMI,WC,SBP,DBP,FBG,HbA1C and UA (all P ＜0.01) while the level of HDL-C had negative correlations with BMI,WC,SBP,DBP,FBG,HbA1 c,and UA (all P ＜ 0.05);④The total rate of abnormal lipid metabolism and various types of abnormal lipid metabolism increased with a rising level of BMI in the upward trend (trend test P ＜ 0.01),various types of abnormal lipid metabolism rate between different groups (elevated & non-elevated) of blood pressure,glucose and uric acid also were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05);⑤ Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that,after adjusting for age and gender,overweight or obesity and hypertension were risk factors of high TC and high LDL-C;overweight or obesity,hyperuricemia was a risk factor for low HDL-C;overweight or obesity,hypertension,hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia were risk factors for high TG and total abnormal blood lipid.Conclusions Urbanized community groups have a high rate of dyslipidemia.And abnormal lipid metabolism is affected by overweight or obesity,hypertension,hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia.The target population should be regularly monitored and comprehensively controlled.

Objective To assess the prevalence and binocular dysfunctional risk factors associated with asthenopia among adult myopes.Methods The study population included 800 adult myopes,a cross-sectional visual parameters that characterize the accommodative:accommodation amplitude (AA),accommodative facility,and accommodative response (fused crossed cylinder-FCC) and binocular function (near and distant horizontal and vertical associated phorias,near and distance negative and positive fusional vergence,near point of convergence,negative and positive relative accommodation (NRA/PRA),stimulus AC/A ratio and stereoacuity) were evaluated when these subjects wore adequate spectacle correction.Results Asthenopia was reported in 24.2％ (194/800) of myopes.The incidence of asthenopia in female (27.8％,128/460) was more than that in male (19.4％,66/340),and there was significant difference (P =0.006).In univariate analysis,the monocular AA,binocular AA,NRA and PRA were significantly associated with asthenopia (P =0.000).In multivariate analysis,low NRA (≤1.25 D),low NRA (≤1.50 D) were significant risk factors for asthenopia (P =0.000,OR =7.644 ;95％ CI 2.913-17.580;P =0.000,OR =5.303;95％ CI 2.822-16.205).Conclusion Preventive measures directed against the binocular dysfunctional risks factors associated with asthenopia may help reduce the prevalence and provide a positive impact on asthenopia.

Objective To understand the trends of the prevalence of hyperuricemia of urbanized community residents Sijiqing Streets in Jianggan district in Hangzhou in the past 4 years,and analyze the correlation between hyperuricemia and metabolic factors,which provide scientific endence for prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia in communities.Methods 1 670 cases equal to or greater than 20 years old were randomly selected to analyze the trends of the prevalence of hyperuricemia in the past 4 consecutive years,which from urbanized community physical examination in 2010 to 2013 (male 749 cases,female 921 cases).Comparative analysis of age,BMI,waist circumference,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C),TG,TC,LDL-C,and HDL-C levels between hyperuricemia group(male 264 cases,female 181 cases) and non hyperuricemia group (male 485 cases,female 740 cases) on 2013,and analyze the related metabolic factors to hyperuricemia by using non conditional logistic regression analysis.Results ①From 2010 to 2013,male hyperuricemia prevalence rates were 27.9％ (209/749,standardized rates were 27.4％)、29.1％ (218/749,standardized rates were 27.9％),33.2％ (249/749,standardized rates were 31.8％) and 35.2％ (264/749,standardized rates were 32.9％).The prevalence rates of female were 12.6％ (116/921,standardized rates were 11.7％),13.5％ (124/921,standardized rates were 11.9％),18.0％ (166/921,standardized rates were 15.7％) and 19.7(181/921,standardized rates were 17.2％),showed a increased tends year by year (the x2 of tends of male and female were 11.907 and 22.759,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01).In age stratified,the prevalence of hyperuricemia in middle and elder age group were increased significantly (the x2 of middle and elder aged man were 4.387、8.545,The x2 of middle and elder aged woman were 12.043、12.274,all P ＜ 0.05).The annual rate of male was higher than female (the x2 were 61.764、62.060、51.241、51.393,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01).② The male and female hyperuricemia group of age,BMI,waist circumference,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,TG,TC,LDL-C levels were higher than those in non hyperuricemia group (the t of male were-2.052,-8.624,-8.772,-3.932,-4.380,-5.006,-3.564,-3.834,respectively; The t of female were-6.021,-8.839,-7.586,-4.702,-4.431,-6.334,-5.317,-5.119,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01),HDL-C levels were lower than those of non hyperuricemia group(the t of male and female were 6.097 and 3.170,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01),fasting blood glucose,HbA1c levels of non hyperuricemia group in female were also higher than the non hyperuricemia group (t =-2.750,-3.711,all P ＜ 0.01),however,Nor was statistical significance in male between the two groups (t =0.432,1.315,all P ＞ 0.05).③The non conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that,independent risk factor for male hyperuricemia were overweight (OR:2.151,95％ CI:1.439-3.215) or obese (OR:2.882,95％ CI:1.541-5.389),hypertension (OR:1.564,95％ CI:1.100 -2.224),dyslipidemia (OR:1.678,95 ％ CI:1.165-2.417) and abdominal obesity (OR:1.708,95 ％ CI:1.146-2.547),independent risk factors for hyperuricemia in women were overweight (OR:2.067,95％ CI:1.290-3.313) or obese (OR:2.843,95％ CI:1.523-5.309),hypertension (OR:1.530,95％ CI:1.042-2.248),dyslipidemia (OR:1.784,95 ％ CI:1.191-2.672) and hyperglycemia (OR:1.768,95％ CI:1.221-2.561).Conclusions The community people have a higher prevalence of hyperuricemia,which showed a increased trend,especially in the middle and old age year by year; overweight or obesity,abdominal obesity,hypertension and dyslipidaemia influence male prevalence rate of hyperurieemia,overweight or obesity,hypertension,hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia influence female prevalence rate of hyperuricemia,we should strengthen the comprehensive prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia in this community.

The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer has been gradually increasing in recent years. Studies have shown that early-onset CRC is closely related to modifiable risk factors such as diet, but there is still a lack of consistent conclusions and a systematic review of relevant research results. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the association between diet and the early-onset CRC, clarified the association and relative risk between different dietary patterns, common food types and nutrients and the occurrence of early-onset CRC, and elaborated the underlying physiological mechanisms. Enhancing the understanding of dietary risk factors, which are modifiable exogenous risk factors, is expected to serve as a reference for the formulation of primary prevention strategies for early-onset CRC.

The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer has been gradually increasing in recent years. Studies have shown that early-onset CRC is closely related to modifiable risk factors such as diet, but there is still a lack of consistent conclusions and a systematic review of relevant research results. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the association between diet and the early-onset CRC, clarified the association and relative risk between different dietary patterns, common food types and nutrients and the occurrence of early-onset CRC, and elaborated the underlying physiological mechanisms. Enhancing the understanding of dietary risk factors, which are modifiable exogenous risk factors, is expected to serve as a reference for the formulation of primary prevention strategies for early-onset CRC.

Objective:To conduct a survey on major surgeon′s mental trauma caused by iatrogenic biliary injury (IBI) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), and explore its influencing factors.Methods:The retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted. Surgeons who have registered in Chinese College of Surgeons of Chinese Medical Doctor Association and Chinese Surgical Society of Chinese Medical Association were recruited to participate as respondents between December 1, 2018 and January 1, 2019. The survey was conducted by the questionnaires of influencing factors for surgeon′s mental trauma caused by IBI during LC. The questionnaires were distributed to participants via WeChat on the Wenjuanxin platform. Observation indicators: (1) results of questionnaire survey; (2) analysis of influencing factors for severe mental trauma of major surgeons caused by IBI during LC. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as Mean± SD, and count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages. The chi-square test was used for univariate analysis. Factors with P<0.10 in the univariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis, and Logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. Results:(1) Results of questionnaire survey. A total of 606 questionnaires were retrieved. ① Basic information of major surgeons: of the 606 major surgeons, there were 596 males and 10 females, aged (41±7)years, with a range from 18 to 62 years. Of the 606 major surgeons, 59.24%(359/606) came from non-teaching hospitals, and 64.03%(388/606) encounted the most impressive case of IBI during LC when they were in the primary or intermediate professional title. For 76.24%(462/606) of the major surgeons, the first case of IBI during LC was the most impressive case, and 69.80%(423/606) believed that careful operation during LC could avoid IBI. ② Patient information: of the patients with the most impressive IBI during LC in each major surgeon′s memory, there were 400 females and 206 males. The proportion of patients younger than 35 years old, in 35-65 years old and older than 65 years old was 9.57%(58/606), 65.51%(397/606), and 24.92%(151/606), respectively. ③ IBI related information: 57.43%(348/606) of the major surgeons indicated that they could receive help from senior surgeons in time for the occurrence of IBI during LC, and 78.88%(478/606) of the major surgeons invited senior surgeons to participate in the initial repair. For the most impressive case of IBI during LC, 66.83%(405/606) of the primary repair surgeries were performed during LC, 11.06%(67/606) were performed within postoperative 3 days and 22.11%(134/606) were performed after 3 days. The main repair methods included local repair, bile duct to end anastomosis, and bilioenteric anastomosis, accounting for 24.92%(151/606), 30.20%(183/606), 33.17%(201/606), respectively. The proportion of patients requiring partial hepatectomy, with perioperative death, and requiring multiple repair was 2.48%(15/606), 2.15%(13/606), and 9.24%(56/606), respectively. ④ Subsequent processing on major surgeons: after the occurrence of IBI during LC, 64.85%(393/606) of the major surgeons gained the understanding of patients and their families, 35.15%(213/606) of the major surgeons were involved in medical disputes, 15.68%(95/606) of the major surgeons received administrative punishment from the hospital. About the compensation, 14.36%(87/606) of the major surgeons had to pay for the compensation by themselves, and only 6.77%(41/606) of the major surgeons had medical liability insurance. There were 9.24%(56/606) of the major surgeons invloved in violent conflicts during the medical disputes. ⑤ Psychology-related information of major surgeons: of the 606 major surgeons, 544 had mental trauma including 279 with severe mental trauma. After the occurrence of IBI during LC, 82.01%(497/606) of the major surgeons experienced anxiety and/or depression for more than one month; 63.37%(384/606) of the major surgeons expected to avoid LC or showed tension during LC; 44.72%(271/606) of the major surgeons had a physiological response when recalling the case; 36.14%(219/606) of the major surgeons initiated the idea of not being a surgeon; 6.44%(39/606) of the major surgeons asked psychologists for help; and 5.61%(34/606) of the major surgeons had taken psychiatric drugs such as antianxiety and anti-depression drugs for more than one month. (2) Analysis of influencing factors for severe mental trauma of major surgeons caused by IBI during LC. Results of univariate analysis showed that the hospital type of the major surgeons, participation of senior surgeons in the repair, surgical method of the primary repair, IBI requiring repeated repair, medical disputes, administrative punishment from the hospital, compensation paid by the major surgeon, having medical liability insurance, violent conflicts in medical disputes were related factors for severe mental trauma of the major surgeons caused by IBI during LC ( χ2=7.688, 3.932, 19.764, 13.837, 61.488, 24.904, 30.976, 5.344, 26.285, P<0.05) . Results of multivariate analysis showed that the surgical method of the primary repair, IBI requiring repeated repair, medical disputes, administrative punishment from the hospital, compensation paid by the major surgeon, violent conflicts in medical disputes were independent risk factors for severe mental trauma caused by IBI during LC of the major surgeons ( odds ratios=1.203, 2.198, 2.922, 1.830, 2.405, 2.171, 95% confidence interval: 1.033-1.402, 1.143-4.226, 1.944-4.391, 1.083-3.093, 1.076-5.375, 1.002-4.702, P<0.05). Having medical liability insurance was an independent protective factor for severe mental trauma of the major surgeons caused by IBI during LC ( odds ratios=0.336, 95% confidence interval: 0.126-0.896, P<0.05). Conclusions:Most surgeons in China are troubled by IBI during LC, and nearly half of them suffer from severe mental trauma. Surgical method of the primary repair, IBI requiring repeated repair, medical disputes, administartive punishment from the hospital, compensation paid by the major surgeon, and violent conflicts in medical disputes are independent risk factors for severe mental trauma of major surgeons caused by IBI during LC. Having medical liability insurance is an independent protective factor for severe mental trauma of major surgeons caused by IBI during LC.

Objective:To evaluate the dosimetric characteristics of Zap-X system and CyberKnife (CK) G4 system of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for single brain metastasis.Methods:Twelve patients with single brain metastasis had been treated with CK were selected retrospectively. The prescribed dose of planning target volume (PTV) was 18-24 Gy for 1-3 fractions. The PTV was ranged from 0.44 to 11.52 cm 3. The 12 patients were re-planned in the Zap-X planning system using the same prescription dose and organs at risk constraints, and the prescription dose of PTV was normalized to 70% for both Zap-X and CK. The planning parameters and dosimetric parameters of PTV and organs at risk were compared and evaluated between two plans. All data were read at MIM Maestro. A paired Wilcoxon' signed-rank test was adopted for statistical analysis. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistical significance. Results:For the target coverage, CK was significantly higher than Zap-X (99.14±0.57% vs. 97.55±1.34%, P<0.01), but Zap-X showed a higher conformity index (0.81±0.05 vs. 0.77±0.07, P<0.05), a lower Paddick gradient index (2.98±0.24 vs. 3.15±0.38), and a higher gradient score index (GSI) than CK. The total monitor unit (MU) of Zap-X was significantly lower than that of CK (11 627.63 ±5 039.53 vs. 23 522.16 ±4 542.12, P<0.01) and the treatment time was shorter than that of CK [(25.08 ±6.52) vs. (38.08 ±4.74) min, P<0.01]. Zap-X had lower dose volumes than CK for the dose of brain ( P<0.05). Zap-X had a lower D mean and D max of brainstem (both P<0.05), but a higher value of eyes and lens. For optic nerves and optic chiasm, there were no significant differences between two groups. In addition, for the protection of skin (V 22.5 Gy), Zap-X seemed better than CK [(4.15±4.48) vs. (4.37±4.50) cm 3, P<0.05]. Conclusions:For SRS treating single brain metastasis, Zap-X could provide a high quality plan equivalent to or even better than CK, especially reducing the treatment time. With continuous improvement and upgrading of Zap-X system, it may become a new SRS platform for the treatment of brain metastasis.

Objective:To compare the dosimetric characteristics of beams between Zap-X and G4 CyberKnife and provide reference for clinical application of Zap-X.Methods:PTW three-dimensional water tank and dosimetry diode ionization chamber were used to measure the two orthogonal off-axis ratio and field size at isocenter of 7 different collimators (5 mm, 7.5 mm, 10 mm, 12.5 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm and 25 mm) of Zap-X and CyberKnife at the water depth of maximum dose, 50 mm, 100 mm, and 200 mm. The penumbra, flatness, symmetry and field size under each parameter condition were analyzed by using PTW supporting software PTW MEPHYSTO (version 5.1). Data analysis and graph were performed using Origin 2021 software.Results:With the same collimator, the dose plateau area of Zap-X was wider than that of G4 CyberKnife, and the dose fall-off at the field edge of Zap-X system was faster. With the increase of the collimator, the penumbra of Zap-X and CyberKnife tended to become larger, and the flatness tended to become smaller, the penumbra and flatness of Zap-X were significantly smaller than those of CyberKnife. Both of them had excellent symmetry (<1%), and the symmetry results of CyberKnife (<0.39%) were better than that of Zap-X (0.99%). The accuracy of Zap-X collimator size at isocenter was better than that of CyberKnife.Conclusion:Compared with G4 CyberKnife, Zap-X system has smaller penumbra, better flatness and higher accuracy of collimator size, which is suitable for stereotactic radiosurgery.

Objective To determine the acceptance and willingness to pay for breast cancer screening among populations at high risk of breast cancer in urban China. Methods From 2012 to 2014, a cancer screening program in urban China (CanSPUC) was carried out in 13 provinces. The current survey was conducted among participants who were evaluated as having"high?risk for breast cancer"using a Harvard model (community?based) and then underwent breast mammography or ultrasonography screening procedure (hospital-based). The study mainly focused on their acceptance and willingness to pay under certain self?payment assumption for breast cancer screening. Results A total of 3 049 participants, with a mean age of 52.4±7.0 years, were included. The group aged 45 to 55 years accounted for 50% of the patients, and the median annual income per capita in the recent 5 years was 22 000 (15 000-34 000) Chinese yuan (CNY). Educational level, occupation, and marital status may affect their full acceptance and voluntary payment (P<0.05). Of all the participants, 99% (3 016 participants) could totally or substantially accept the breast cancer screening. When the breast cancer screening was assumed to be conducted every 3 years in the low?cost self?paid context, 85% (2 581 participants) of the participants had the willingness to pay, while only 17% were willing to pay >100 CNY. The remaining 15% of the residents showed no willingness to pay, and the unaffordable expenditure (70%, 438 participants) and unnecessary screening (24%, 112 participants) were the primary considerations. Significant differences in acceptance, willingness to pay, and payment were found among the provinces. Conclusion Almost all high?risk populations for breast cancer could accept breast cancer screening. The willingness to pay was relatively high, but the amount of payment was limited and low.