The structures of DICOM image and BMP image are introduced through the analyses of them and DICOM standard.The method of translating DICOM image into BMP one is also presented.

Objective To observe the prognostic factors of functional outcome of patients with cerebral infraction treated in stroke unit.Methods The data of patients with cerebral infractions treated in stroke unit in our hospital were prospectively collected from April 2004 to December 2005 continuously.All the patients They were fol lowed up either by their regular visits to our outpatient clinics or by phone interview.The modified Rankin scale(mRS)score was used as the index of primary outcome.The prognostic factors of the functional outcome were analyzed by monovariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results A total of 150 cases were collected,of whom 98 were with good outcome,52 cases with poor outcome.The multivariate logistic regression showed that the poor outcome was associated with aging,previous history of stroke,high NIHSS scores,complications,and time from onset of the disease to admission to stroke unit.Conclusion The results suggested that older age,having stroke history,higher NIHSS total scores,having complications and delayed hospitalized time were influence factors to functional outcome of cerebral infractions in stroke unit.

Objective To explore the relationships among pulmonary function,DVH and acute radiation pneumonitis after three-dimensional conformal radiation treatment in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.MethodsPulmonary function tests were conducted on 68 inoperable patients (male 42,female 26,median age 52,KPS≥80) before and after three months radiotherapy respectively.After 3 months of follow-up,radiation pneumonitis were graded,and V20,V30 and MLD were derived from dose volume histogram (DVH).ResultsAll patients were treated with radiotherapy at the irradiation dose of 60～70Gy.Acute radiation pneumonitis occurred in 24 patients with 11 Grade Ⅰ,7 Grade Ⅱ,3 Grade Ⅲ,3 Grade Ⅳ.There were no significant difference between the pre-irradiation and the three months after irradiation for FVC (P＞0.05).But there were significant different between pre-irradiation and three months after irradiation for FEV1.0 and DLCO (P＜0.05).V20,V30 and MLD were observed in patients treated with high radiation pneumonitis.ConclusionsThere were close relationships among pulmonary function,DVH and radiation pneumonitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective To synthesize a photoacoustic contrast agent loaded with gold nanorod and liquid perflurocarbon which was used to observe its photoacoustic imaging in vitro,and then investigate the variation of the photoacoustic signal during and after the vaporization.Methods The PLGA nanoparticle (GNP)loaded with gold nanorod(GNR) and liquid perflurocarbon was synthesized via double emulsion technology.The experiments were divided into three groups:1)GNP group:PLGA nanoparticle loaded with gold nanorod and liquid perflurocarbon; 2) GNR group:gold nanorod ; 3) control group:PLGA nanoparticle unloaded with gold nanorod.A pulsed laser system was used to trigger the three samples.The photoacoustic image and time-signal intensity kinetics were acquired by the photoacoustic microscope.The optical microscope was used to observe the image after the vaporization.Results The gold nanoparticle was successfully prepared,the average size of the gold nanoparticle was 504.9 nm.after triggered by the pulsed laser system,the vaporized image of the GNP group could be observed by the optical microscope.The photoacoustic signal was detected in both GNP and GNR groups,and the signal intensity increased along with the concentration of the GNR.However,the photoacoustic signal of PLGA group was not detected.The photoacoustic signal kinetics of GNP group showed a descending trend from high signal amplitude to steadystate.The GNR group photoacoustic signal kinetics only showed a steady-state signal amplitude.Conclusions The PLGA nanoparticle loaded with gold nanorod and liquid perflurocarbon emerged a phase transient which produces a strong photoacoustic signal after triggered by pulsed laser system.This kind of phenomenon leads the nanoparticle to be a better photoacoustic contrast agent and lays a foundation for in vivo research and photothermal therapy in vivo.

Objective This paper was to study the absorption and metabolism differences of intestine and liver for multicomponent licorice.Methods The components were identified with the UPLC-MS/MS. In situ closed-loop method was used to carry out the comparative experiments of absorption and metabolism differences between intestine and liver.Results 13 components were identified by UPLC-MS/MS. The absorption and metabolism results indicated some components in licorice water extract could be absorbed into blood and metabolism happened during this process. 14 metabolites were detected in the plasma sample. The hepatic metabolism results indicated many components could experience complex metabolism and more metabolites could be generated.Conclusions Liver was the major metabolism organ for licorice water extract and some components could be metabolized along with the absorption process in intestine. The absorption and metabolism differences between intestine and liver were significant.

Objective:To compare structure and function of mite Der f 3,Der p 3 and Eur m 3.Methods: Obtained mite allergens amino acid sequences from the International Union of Immunological Societies nomenclature database .Then physiochemical characterization,sequence alignment,secondary structure,three dimensional (3D) structure and epitopes of three proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics methods.Results:According to results of alignment ,Der f 3,Der p 3 and Eur m 3 displayed 88.51%sequence iden-tity.Der f 3,Der p 3 and Eur m 3 all contained three active sites and two trypsin functional domains ,which showed high identity of amino acid residues.Active sites of three proteins ,which closing to each other in three dimensional (3D) structure,constituting the active center of the enzyme.Secondary and 3D structure of three proteins all contains α-helices,β-sheets and random coils.Epitopes analysis revealed that Der f 3,Der p 3 and Eur m 3 all have 5 main potential epitopes located in random coils.Epitope sequences of Der f 3,Der p 3 and Eur m 3 overlapping in three domains (peptides of 79-81aa,129-135aa and 172-174aa),but the residues in these three domains were not identical.Conclusion:These studies lay the foundation for biochemical and genetic analysis of these 3 allergens,and may contribute to vaccine development for allergen-specific immunotherapy.

ObjectiveComparingfourgroupsofimmunosuppressivemousemodelsestablishedby cyclophosphamide administration in different doses and periods , we used partial least squares ( PLS) analysis to evaluate the immunosuppressive mouse models comprehensively and select the appropriate way to establish this model .Methods In this experimental study, 58 male KM mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal group (10 mice) were given normal saline daily by i.p.injection, model group 1 (12 mice) was given 40 mg/kg CTX daily by i.p.injection for 10 days, model group 2 (12 mice) was given 80 mg/kg CTX daily by i.p.injection for 3 days, model group 3 (12 mice) was given 40 mg/kg CTX daily by i.p.injection twice for a week, model group 4 (12 mice) was given 50 mg/kg CTX daily by i.p.injection for 7 days.After the injection of cyclophosphamide , the daily metabolic activities were detected everyday such as body weight , water intake , and food intake , organ index and immunological indexes such as blood RT of the model mice were measured as well .Using partial least squares ( PLS) analysis to the models and analyzing the final weight , final anal temperature , organ index , and blood routine examination in order to evaluate the immunosuppressive mouse models comprehensively .Results Compared with the normal group , different dosages of CTX reduced the weight and anal temperature of model mice (P<0.05), the food intake and water intake (P<0.01), and the spleen index and thymus index ( P<0.01 ) .Besides , the amount and percentage of basophilic granulocytes decreased ( P <0.05 ) , and the percentage of MCHC , macrophage went up , as well as the absolute value of WBC and lymphocytes were decreased in the model groups 1, 2, and 4 (P<0.05).According to the PLS analysis, there were significant differences among models 1, 2, and 4 when compared with the normal group , especially the most different in the model group 1.Conclusions After the PLS analysis of different indexes , the optimal way to establish immunosuppressive mouse models is the procedure with 40 mg/kg CTX daily injected i .p.for ten days .Our findings provide experimental evidence for the establishment of immunosuppressive mouse models .

Objective To evaluate the role of autophagy in the development of inflammatory pain in the rats.Methods Twenty-four healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-240 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=6 each) by using a random number table:control group (group C),inflammatory pain group (group IP),dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (group D),and rapamycin (autophagy inducer) group (group R).Inflammatory pain was produced by injecting 50 μl bee venom into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw.In group C,0.9％ normal saline was injected into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw.In group D,2％ DMSO was injected through a gastric tube into the stomach 1 ml per day for 3 consecutive days,and the model was established at 1 h after injection on 3rd day.In group R,rapamycin l0 mg/kg (in 2％ DMSO) was injected through a gastric tube into stomach 1 ml per day for 3 consecutive days,and the model was established at 1 h after injection on 3rd day.The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal paw withdrawal latency (TWL) were measured at 2 h after the model was established.After measurement of the pain threshold,the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Ⅱ (LC3 Ⅱ),Beclin-1 and p62 by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the MWT was significantly decreased,the TWL was significantly shortened in IP and D groups,and the expression of LC3 Ⅱ,Beclin-1 and p62 in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was significantly up-regulated in IP,D and R groups (P＜0.05 or 0.01).Compared with group IP,the MWT was significantly increased,the TWL was significantly prolonged,the expression of LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin-1 in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was significantly up-regulated,and the expression of p62 was significantly down-regulated in group R (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group D (P＞0.05).Conclusion Autophagy disorders are involved in the development of inflammatory pain in the rats.

The curative efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) in the treatment of patients with ischemia cerebrovascular disease caused by artery stenosis was explored. The clinical data of 111 patients with ischemia cerebrovascular disease receiving PTAS in Guangdong Province General Hospital from Aug. 2007 to Nov. 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. In total 132 stents were implanted in the 111 patients. The mortality and rate of neural and non-neural complications were assessed perioperatively. Outcomes [including the frequency of transient ischemic attack (TIA), stroke, or death from vascular diseases) were assessed after operation. NIHSS rating was performed in all cases before and at first week, 6th month and 12th month after the operation. The PTAS success rate was 100%. The degree of stenosis was reduced after PTAS. The total complication rate during perioperative period was 15.3% (the rate of neural complications was 3.6%). Sixty-seven patients were followed up. Three patients (4.48%) developed cerebrovascular events within 1 month, containing one case of TIA, one case of ipsilateral mild stroke and one case of contralateral mild stroke. No severe stroke or death was observed. During a follow-up period of 12 months 7 patients had cerebrovascular events (10.44%), including 2 cases of ipsilateral TIA (2.99%), 2 cases of ipsilateral mild stroke and 2 cases of contralateral mild stroke (2.99%), one case of severe stroke (1.49%). In 13 patients receiving DSA re-examination one year after PTAS, 2 patients (15.38%) had in-stent restenosis. NIHSS scores were obviously decreased during a follow-up period as compared with those pre-operation (P<0.05). It was concluded that PTAS could significantly alleviate the neural function deficit of the patients with ischemia cerebrovascular disease. The success rate of PTAS was high, and the rate of complications was lower and the clinical outcomes were satisfactory. PTAS is a safe and effective therapeutic method, though the long-term outcomes need further study.

Objective Toinvestigatetheriskfactorsforleukoaraiosis(LA)inpatientswithlarge arteryatherosclerosis(LAA).Methods Theclinicaldata(age,sex,hypertension,diabetes,smoking, serum lipid level,hyperhomocysteinemia,and numbers of stenosis or occluded cerebral arteries)of 312 patients with LAA classified by the modified stop stroke study trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment (SSS-TOAST ) were analyzed retrospectively. The age-related white matter changes (age related white matter changes,ARWMC)scale was used to evaluate LA. All the 312 patients were divided into non-LA group(n=72)and LA group(n=240)according the T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery(FLAIR)sequence,and 3 groups according to the (age-related white matter changes,ARWMC)scores:mild LA,moderate LA,and severe LA groups. The patients with multiple risk factors were analyzed by the univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses. Results (1)Of the 312 patients with LA,227 were males (72. 8%). Their average age was 64 ± 11 years,and 240 of them (76. 9%)had LA. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR,2. 911,95%CI 1. 647-5.146,P=0. 000),hypertension (OR,2. 583,95%CI 1. 373-4.857,P<0. 01),diabetes (OR,1. 882, 95%CI 1. 058-3. 348,P <0. 05),the numbers of stenosis or occlusion arteries (OR,1. 851,95%CI 1.018-3. 367,P<0. 05),and lacunar infarction (LI)(OR,1.493,95%CI 1. 202-1. 853,P<0. 01)were the risk factors for LA. (2)The comparison of the clinical data in patients with different severity in the LA group found that there were significant differences in age,hypertension,diabetes,the numbers of stenosis or occlusionarteries,andLIamongthe3groups(allP<0.05).Conclusion Age,hypertension,diabetes, the numbers of stenosis or occlusion arteries,and LI are the independent risk factors for patients with LAA,and it is associated with the severity of LA.