Cholangiocarcinoma is a malignant tumor that occurs in the bile duct epithelium,it is the second most common malignant tumor of the liver and bile duct after hepatocellular carcinoma.Imaging examination is an important method to detect bile duct cancer;the purpose of imaging is to determine the location of the tumor,and the extent of invasion and distant metastasis.Different imaging methods have their advantages and disadvantages,so they should be chosen based on the condition of patients,or be optimized as the combined detection.

Objective To explore and clarify the clinical features and management of patients with Castleman disease.Methods The clinicopathological features and therapeutic method of 65 patients with Castleman disease admitted to our hospital continuously from 2005 to 2012 were analyzed retrospectively.The mean follow-up time for the entire series was 40 (15-71) months.Results In contrast to Localized Castleman disease(LCD),Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) patients were relatively older and exhibit various symptoms and abnormal laboratory tests.We found 44 tumor in LCD group.LCD ones,most of which were hyaline vascular (33/42,78.6％),were more likely originated in retroperitoneum,enterocoelia(10/44,22.7％) or mediastinum(10/44,22.7％).The initial treatment for LCD patients was complete surgical resection and all patients are current alive with no evidence of recurrence.MCD ones always accompanied by fever(9/23,39.1％),anemia(9/23,39.1％)and splenomegaly,and most of MCD patients were plasmacytic variants(14/23,60.9％) or mixed cellular variants (5/23,21.7％).We found 66 tumor in MCD group and they were more likely originated in neck (16/66,24.2％) and groin area (12/66,18.2％).Surgery combined with CHOP-like chemotherapy or CHOP-like chemotherapy alone was the mainstream treatment for MCD ones.21 patients achieved complete remission or partial remission,and only 2 patients died of lung infection.Whether patients could tolerate long-term chemotherapy or not was an important prognostic factor.Conclusions LCD patients had no typical clinical symptoms and could be cured by surgery.Most of MCD patients always had a good prognosis after receiving CHOP-like chemotherapy.

Objective·To investigate the effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on neonatal rat alveolar arrest induced by intra-amniotic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods·A neonatal SD rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was constructed by intra-amniotic injection of LPS in pregnant rats. The pregnant rats (E19) were randomly assigned to Saline group, LPS group and LPS+anti-IL-1β group. The lungs of the neonatal rats were randomly collected 1, 3 and 7 days after birth. Pathological changes in the lungs were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining, and expression of IL-1β mRNA and protein was detected by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Rat bone marrow derived primary macrophage was cultured in vitro, and given LPS intervention, then genes related with IL-1β were detected through whole transcriptome sequencing. Results·Compared with the Saline group, the alveolar counts and secondary septa counts significantly decreased, and mean liner intercept significantly increased in LPS group. Moreover, the expression of IL-1β mRNA and protein in lungs significantly increased in LPS group. The LPS-induced pathological changes of lung tissues in neonatal rats were improved by anti-IL-1β. LPS could up-regulate the expression of genes including Gbp5, Ccl3, Nod2, Ccr5, Mefv, Casp4 and Ifnar1, but down-regulate Lgals9 and Gstp1. Among these genes Gbp5, Ccl3, Nod2, Ccr5, Casp4, Ifnar1 and Lgals9 could positively regulate IL-1βproduction. Conclusion·LPS can induce alveolar arrest through up-regulating the expression of IL-1β in macrophages in neonatal rat BPD model. Whole transcriptome sequencing reveals that LPS can regulate the expression of IL-1β in macrophages through several paths.

Objective To detect the levels of plasma gelsolin(GSN),vitamin D binding protein(VDBP)and coagulation?related parameters in peripheral blood between pre?eclampsia,then analyze their relationships with the onset or development of pre?eclampsia. Methods A total of 30 women with severe pre?eclampsia(SPE)and 30 women with mild pre?eclampsia(MPE)were enrolled for the study and randomly chosen as trial group. 30 normal pregnancies with matching gestational ages were selected as control group?1 and 30 normal full?term pregnancies were randomly chosen as control group?2. The levels of GSN,VDBP,platelet(PLT),prothrombin time(PT),thrombin time(TT),activated partial thromboplas?tin time(APTT),fibrinogen(FIB),and D?dimer were compared between those groups. Results The levels of GSN,VDBP and PLT,PT,APTT, FIB in SPE group were significantly lower than that of MPE group(P<0.05),and the level of D?dimer was significantly higher(P<0.05). In healthy pregnant women between control group?1 and control group?2,GSN fell during gestational weeks,with a concomitant rise in VDBP with no significance(P>0.05). There were no statistical difference among all the levels of coagulation?related parameters in healthy pregnant women(P>0.05). Conclusion GSN and VDBP levels in pre?eclampsia are significantly lower than that of normal pregnant women,along with pathological hy?percoagulative state,and which are related to severity of disease.

Objective To synthesize a photoacoustic contrast agent loaded with gold nanorod and liquid perflurocarbon which was used to observe its photoacoustic imaging in vitro,and then investigate the variation of the photoacoustic signal during and after the vaporization.Methods The PLGA nanoparticle (GNP)loaded with gold nanorod(GNR) and liquid perflurocarbon was synthesized via double emulsion technology.The experiments were divided into three groups:1)GNP group:PLGA nanoparticle loaded with gold nanorod and liquid perflurocarbon; 2) GNR group:gold nanorod ; 3) control group:PLGA nanoparticle unloaded with gold nanorod.A pulsed laser system was used to trigger the three samples.The photoacoustic image and time-signal intensity kinetics were acquired by the photoacoustic microscope.The optical microscope was used to observe the image after the vaporization.Results The gold nanoparticle was successfully prepared,the average size of the gold nanoparticle was 504.9 nm.after triggered by the pulsed laser system,the vaporized image of the GNP group could be observed by the optical microscope.The photoacoustic signal was detected in both GNP and GNR groups,and the signal intensity increased along with the concentration of the GNR.However,the photoacoustic signal of PLGA group was not detected.The photoacoustic signal kinetics of GNP group showed a descending trend from high signal amplitude to steadystate.The GNR group photoacoustic signal kinetics only showed a steady-state signal amplitude.Conclusions The PLGA nanoparticle loaded with gold nanorod and liquid perflurocarbon emerged a phase transient which produces a strong photoacoustic signal after triggered by pulsed laser system.This kind of phenomenon leads the nanoparticle to be a better photoacoustic contrast agent and lays a foundation for in vivo research and photothermal therapy in vivo.

Objective This paper was to study the absorption and metabolism differences of intestine and liver for multicomponent licorice.Methods The components were identified with the UPLC-MS/MS. In situ closed-loop method was used to carry out the comparative experiments of absorption and metabolism differences between intestine and liver.Results 13 components were identified by UPLC-MS/MS. The absorption and metabolism results indicated some components in licorice water extract could be absorbed into blood and metabolism happened during this process. 14 metabolites were detected in the plasma sample. The hepatic metabolism results indicated many components could experience complex metabolism and more metabolites could be generated.Conclusions Liver was the major metabolism organ for licorice water extract and some components could be metabolized along with the absorption process in intestine. The absorption and metabolism differences between intestine and liver were significant.

Objective To explore the relationships among pulmonary function,DVH and acute radiation pneumonitis after three-dimensional conformal radiation treatment in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.MethodsPulmonary function tests were conducted on 68 inoperable patients (male 42,female 26,median age 52,KPS≥80) before and after three months radiotherapy respectively.After 3 months of follow-up,radiation pneumonitis were graded,and V20,V30 and MLD were derived from dose volume histogram (DVH).ResultsAll patients were treated with radiotherapy at the irradiation dose of 60～70Gy.Acute radiation pneumonitis occurred in 24 patients with 11 Grade Ⅰ,7 Grade Ⅱ,3 Grade Ⅲ,3 Grade Ⅳ.There were no significant difference between the pre-irradiation and the three months after irradiation for FVC (P＞0.05).But there were significant different between pre-irradiation and three months after irradiation for FEV1.0 and DLCO (P＜0.05).V20,V30 and MLD were observed in patients treated with high radiation pneumonitis.ConclusionsThere were close relationships among pulmonary function,DVH and radiation pneumonitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective To observe the prognostic factors of functional outcome of patients with cerebral infraction treated in stroke unit.Methods The data of patients with cerebral infractions treated in stroke unit in our hospital were prospectively collected from April 2004 to December 2005 continuously.All the patients They were fol lowed up either by their regular visits to our outpatient clinics or by phone interview.The modified Rankin scale(mRS)score was used as the index of primary outcome.The prognostic factors of the functional outcome were analyzed by monovariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results A total of 150 cases were collected,of whom 98 were with good outcome,52 cases with poor outcome.The multivariate logistic regression showed that the poor outcome was associated with aging,previous history of stroke,high NIHSS scores,complications,and time from onset of the disease to admission to stroke unit.Conclusion The results suggested that older age,having stroke history,higher NIHSS total scores,having complications and delayed hospitalized time were influence factors to functional outcome of cerebral infractions in stroke unit.

This study was aimed to determine the solubility an d oil-water partition coefficient of main active com-ponents in Ge-Gen Qin-Lian (GGQL) Tablets (puerarin, baicalin and berberine hydrochloride) in phosphate buffer solution of different pH values and under the background of many components. Solubility of puerarin, baicalin and berberine hydrochloride in different medium pH, and oil-water partition coefficient of the octanol-water and oc-tanol-buffer system were determined by HPLC method. The results showed that the solubility and oil-water partition coefficient of puerarin, baicalin and berberine hydrochloride were varied with the change of pH, and varied under the background of components. At pH 7.4, the solubility was the biggest;puerarin was 7.56 mg·mL-1;baicalin was 17.07 mg·mL-1; berberine hydrochloride was 3.57 mg·mL-1. Oil-water partition coefficient P of these components at pH 1.0 was bigger;puerarin was 0.420 (lgP=-0.38);baicalin was 10.783 (lgP=1.03);berberine hydrochloride was 0.267 (lgP=-0.57). It was concluded that lipid solubility of puerarin, baicalin and berberine hydrochloride at pH 1.0 was better. It was speculated that better absorption in the stomach, and low lipid solubility under other pH. It was speculated that lipid solubility may be one of the reasons affecting the intestinal absorption.

Objective:This study was performed using preclinical transplanted animal experiments to analyce the effects and mechanisms of third-generation EGFR-TKIs combined with anti-angiogenic therapy, thereby providing theoretical basis for further clinical trials. Methods:Researchers constructed the transplant BALB/C nude mice models with H1975 lung adenocarcinoma cell line (EGFR T790M) and divided the mice into four groups and treated them with osimertinib (2.5 or 5 mg/kg/day, gavage) alone or plus bevacizumab (5 mg/kg/twice weekly, i.p.) when the tumors reached approximately 0.4-0.6 cm3 in volume. The tumor growth curve of tumor volume was drawn according to the time in every group. After 2 weeks of treatment, the mice were killed and the tumors were processed for immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. Immunostaining was performed to detect:HIF-1α, VEGF, and microvessel density (MVD) by using SP method on paraffin sections. Western blot analysis was used to analyze the protein expression levels of EGFR, AKT, and ERK signal transduction pathways. Results:After 2 weeks of treatment in high-and low-dose osimertinib alone, tumor volume in the high-dose group was significantly less than in low-dose osimertinib-alone group (P<0.05). VEGF, HIF-1αexpression, and MVD were significantly low in the high-dose osimertinib-alone group (P<0.05). Increasing doses of osimertinib induced dose-dependent weakening of the p-EGFR, p-AKT, and p-ERK expression levels (P<0.05). In the low-dose osimertinib-plus-bevacizumab group and low-dose osimertinib-alone group, no significant difference in tumor volume and the above factors was observed. In the low-dose osimertinib-plus-bevacizumab group and high-dose osimertinib-alone group, tumor volumes did not exhibit significant difference (P=0.178). Moreover, VEGF, HIF-1αexpression, and MVD exhibited no significant difference. No significant difference in the p-EGFR, p-AKT, and p-ERK expression levels was found between high-dose osimertinib-alone group and low-dose osimertinib-plus-bevacizumab group (P>0.05). In the high-dose osimertinib-plus-bevacizumab group, tumor growth was not significantly greater than that in the high-dose osimertinib-alone group (P=0.642). No significant difference was observed in the above factors.In the high-and low-dose osimertinib-plus-bevacizumab groups, tumor volume and the above factors did not exhibit significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusion:Osimertinib has obvious antitumor effects in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma with T790M mutation cell xenografts. Bevacizumab has a synergetic inhibitory effect with osimertinib against EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma with T790M mutation cell xenografts. Bevacizumab enhanced the antitumor effects of osimertinib by reducing VEGF expression and the microvascular density of the tumor, thereby improving the tumor microenvironment. Bevacizumab can enhance the effect of osimertinib by suppressing EGFR, ERK, and AKT phosphorylation, thereby synergistically inhibiting EGFR activation and downstream signaling.