Ursolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene compound, naturally occurs in a large variety of plants, has at-tracted considerable interest owing to its significant biological activities. In recent years, more and more scientists have been working on the structural modification at the C-3 position , C_(12)-C_(13) double bond or C-28 position of ur-solic acid in order to improve their biological activities. Herein a brief introduction of the recent progresses on the chemical structural modification and the structure-activity relationship of ursolic acid and its derivatives are re-viewed.

0.05). Estrogen was lower in the patients with AD than in the normal controls and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P

Objective To analyse the levels of estrogen in women patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD),and the relationship of estrogen level,menarche age,age of menopause,pregnancy times with severity of AD.Methods A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted.The study subjects were given neuropsychological test face to face in questionnaire,including MMSE,ADL,POD,FOM,WISE and HMT depression scale.All the women subjects accepted another questionnaire concerning menarche age,age of menopause and pregnancy times.Radioimmunoassay was used to measure the sex hormone level of all the subjects.Results The level of estrogen in serum was obviously lower in AD group than in the control group(P

Objective To realize unifying gas source adapter's standards for different medical gas use equipment while the one be connected to different terminal units of central gas source, and terminal's pressure control of the medical gas pipe network, and medical gas uninterrupted supply for partial department in hospital. Methods A general fast adapter for terminal units of medical gas use equipment and central gas source was designed and developed, and its operation methods were explained. It was used and connected into different terminal units for unified format and universality. Results It was convenient and effective in the clinical application in clinical test. Conclusion The general fast adapter is simply manufactured, and achieves the resources shared of the medical gas use equipment. It has good perspective for clinical surgery applying.

Objective To compare the screening effects between Wells and revised Geneva scores on suspected acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE),and to explore a optimum screening method for APTE in the emergency department of China.Methods The study was carried out by using random,crossed,prospective methods to compare the screening effects between Wells and revised Geneva scores for 167 suspected APTE patients in the emergency department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University.Results The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of Wells and revised Geneva scores for screening APTE in the emergency department were (0.917 ± 0.022 ) and (0.927 ± 0.020),respectively ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The diagnostic concordance between the two score systems for predicting APTE was poor (Kappa value =0.276 ). In addition, the difference between their hierarchical discrimination for the possibility of APTE was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with revised Geneva score,fewer patients were diagnosed with low clinical probability of APTE and more patients were diagnosed with intermediate or high clinical probability of APTE through Wells score.The patients with low chnical probability of APTE were excluded from pulmonary embolism in Wells or revised Geneva score.At intermediate clinical probability,the accuracy rate of Wells score for predicting APTE (9.64％) was lower than that (32.84％ ) of revised Geneva ( P ＜ 0.05 ).At high clinical probability,there was no significant difference between their accuracy rate [ (67.24％ vs.86.21％),P＞0.05]. Conclusions Revised Geneva score is more suitable than Wells score in screening suspected APTE patients in the emergency department in our country.

Objective To develop an up-converting phosphor technology-based lateral-flow ( UPT-LF) assay for rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes, named LM -UPT-LF.Methods Monoclonal antibodies against p 60, which was the specific virulence factor of L.monocytogenes,were prepared and covalently conjugated with up-converting phosphor nanopar-ticles (UCP-NPs) as bio-label.Then, LM-UPT-LF was established with double-antibody sandwich mode-based LF assay. Detection performance , including sensitivity and specificity , was evaluated .Results The samples with absolute contamina-ted amount of L.monocytogenes cells <10, 10-99, and 100-1000 cfu could be significantly detected as positive after in-cubation at 20 h, 18 h, and 16 h, respectively.Other 13 kinds of food-borne pathogens with concentration of 109 cfu/ml did not caused any non-specific reaction .Conclusion The established LM-UPT-LF assay could detect L.monocytogenes with high sensitivity , specificity and simplicity and provides an alternative method for food safety control .

Objective:Based on the high-throughput detection technique of multiplex PCR combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, constructing the characteristic SNP profiles of different strains, and establishing a rapid, accurate and highly sensitive method for the diagnosis of bloodstream infection pathogens.Methods:Seven kinds of pathogens such as common Escherichia coli were selected as target. The multiple PCR reaction conditions was optimized, and the characteristic peaks of each target bacteria were detected by MALDI-TOF MS to establish the joint detect system. Common primer pairs and central homo-sequence primer pairs were designed to analyse the formation of primer dimer. Using simulated bacterial infection blood samples with detection system to determine specificity and sensitivity. One hundred and fifty blood samples from suspected bacteremia patients were collected from June to September 2020 in a hospital in Beijing, and the identification results were compared to traditional identification method of clinical application that are using χ 2 test. Results:The cycle threshold (Ct) value of the central homo-sequence primers that were designed were more than 38, with a delay of 6-10 cycles. The joint mass spectrometry detection system could detect seven kinds of bacteria divided into two groups at the same time. The target bacteria can be detected specific product of the peak, and the clinical strains other than the target strains only had primer peaks. All maps had non-specific miscellaneous peaks. The sensitivity of Escherichia coli could reach 50 CFU/ml, and the detection limit of other bacteria was 100 CFU/ml. The detection results of 150 patients showed that 46 cases were positive by traditional method. The positive rate was 30.67% (46/150), including two cases of mixed infection. Forty-eight cases were positive by mass spectrometry, and the positive rate was 32.0% (48/150), including three cases of mixed infections. The negative coincidence rate was 100% (101/101). The comparison of the two methods showed that the P=0.625>0.01, the Kappa=0.938, the sensitivity and specificity was 97.82%(45/46) and 97.11%(101/104), respectively. There was no significant difference between the two methods, and the results of nucleic acid mass spectrometry could also be used in clinic. Conclusions:The established detection system can not only quickly and accurately detect seven common pathogens causing bloodstream infection, and effectively shorten the time needed for traditional culture and identification, but also can detect multiple bacterial mixed infections at the same time to make up for the possibility of missed detection. Besides, the method can also be used to identify other bacteria.

Objective To study the serum peptide fingerprint using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technology,and find the different peaks with potential significance and establish the diagnosis model of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bloodstream infection.Methods To establish ICR mice model of S.aureus and E.coli bloodstream infections,and collect serum samples.The serum samples were purified by weak cation exchange beads,the serum peptide fingerprint was recognized by using MALDI-TOF MS and BioExplorer software between infections group and normal control group.Results Compared with the normal control group,6 peptides were up-regulated,7 peptides downregulated and 8 peptides up-regulated first and then down-regulated in S.aureus infection group;And 5 peptides down-regulated,4 peptides down-regulated first and then up-regulated,and 8 peptides up-regulated first and then down-regulated in E.coli infection group.Conclusion MALDI-TOF MS combined with BioExplorer software may be used as a tool to study the serum peptides of S.aureus and E.coli bloodstream infection,effectively find significant peptides for establishing a diagnosis model of these two bacterial infections,and has a certain value for the diagnosis of bacterial bloodstream infection.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of reports published in recent 10 years in China about quantitative analysis of syndrome differentiation for diabetes mellitus (DM) in order to explore the methodological problems in these reports and find possible solutions. METHODS: The main medical literature databases in China were searched. Thirty-one articles were included and evaluated by the principles of clinical epidemiology. RESULTS: There were many mistakes and deficiencies in these articles, such as clinical trial designs, diagnosis criteria for DM, standards of syndrome differentiation of DM, case inclusive and exclusive criteria, sample size and estimation, data comparability and statistical methods. CONCLUSION: It is necessary and important to improve the quality of reports concerning quantitative analysis of syndrome differentiation of DM in light of the principles of clinical epidemiology.

ObjectiveTo investigate the relatioaship between the changes in perioperative plasma vasopressin (VP) and angiotensin Ⅱ ( Ang Ⅱ ) concentrations and outcome in patients undergoing off-pump coronary attery bypass grafting (OPCABG).MethodsFifty ASA Ⅰ -Ⅲ patients (NYHA Ⅰ -Ⅲ ) of both sexes,aged 45-79yr,undergoing OPCABG,were enrolled in this study.Blood samples were collected before induction of anesthesia (T1,baseline),before skin incision (T2),at 10 and 30 min after skin incision (T3,T4 ),10 min after protamine injection (T5),end of operation (T6 ) and 24 h after operation (T7).Based on the intraoperative plasma VP concentrations,the patients were divided into high level group ( n =26) and low level group ( n =24) by hierarchical clustering analysis.The risk factors for perioperative lower plasma VP concentration were determined by logistic regression analysis.ResultsPlasma VP concentrations were significantly lower,while plasma Ang Ⅱ concentrations were significantly higher at T2-6 in the low level group than in the high level group.The incidence of vasoplegia (high cardiac output and low peripheral resistance) was significantly higher,the intra- and post-operative use of vasodilator was less,the tracheal extubation time,ICU stay and post-operative hospital stay were longer,and preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was lower in low level group than in high level group.Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative low LVEF was a risk factor for intraoperative low plasma VP concentration and OR was 1.122.Conclusion Plasma VP and Ang Ⅱ concentrations demonstrate an opposite trend of change during OPCABG.The incidence of vasoplegic syndrome is significantly higher and the outcome poor in low plasma VP group.Preoperative low LVEF is a risk factor for development of low plasma VP during OPCABG.