China ; Data Collection ; Disabled Persons ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; China ; epidemiology ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans

Objective:To learn the effect of personality in the course of cognitive decline.Methods:106 aged people from two districts were selected randomly.Arithmetic,digit span,picture filling,block patterns,digit symbol,visual attention span,spatial reasoning were used to learn the cognitive ability,“Kartaier's 16 personality factors test”were used to explore the personality of aged people.Results:16 personality factors test shows that old people are more deferential and self-assured.The relation between reasoning and arithmetic,rule-consciousness and arithmetic,abstractedness and digit span,reasoning and block design,dominance and digit symbol,sensitivity and special reasoning,apprehension and visual attention span,openness to change and visual attention span reach the statistical significance.Conclusion:Age is the most important reason to the cognitive impairment in aged people, education can prevent the cognitive impairment in a large degree.Personality can affect the cognitive ability although different personality factor affect different cognitive fields.

Epidemiology ; Humans ; Psychology, Social

OBJECTIVETo explore type 2 diabetes prevalence and its risk factors among migrants and nonmigrants aged 35 years and older in Three Gorge Dam area in Yichang City of Hubei province, China.

METHODSA sample of 9865 rural residents (including 1949 Three Gorge Dam migrants and 7916 nonmigrants) aged 35 years old and over was selected from September to December in 2007 by the method of multi-stage cluster random sampling in Yiling district, Yichang City of Hubei province. The study subjects were assessed by interview, examination, and blood samples. Information on demographics, migrant information, lifestyle, history of diabetes and hypertension was obtained by a questionnaire interview. An overnight fasting blood specimen was collected to measure serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C). Height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure were measured. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out for those whose fasting glucose was equal to or exceeded 6.1 mmol/L. The standardized prevalence of type 2 diabetes was calculated based on national census in the year of 2000. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the potential risk factors of type 2 diabetes.

RESULTSThe crude prevalence of type 2 diabetes among nonmigrants was 3.93% (310/7885) (male: 3.90% (129/3304), female: 3.95% (181/4581)), and that of migrants was 6.55% (127/1939) (male: 6.85% (52/759), female: 6.36% (75/1180)). The crude prevalence of type 2 diabetes among migrants was higher than that of nonmigrants (χ² = 25.10, P < 0.01 (male: χ² = 12.59, P < 0.01; female: χ² = 12.78, P < 0.01)). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes among nonmigrants was 3.87% in males and 4.15% in females. The standardized prevalence of type 2 diabetes among migrants was 6.92% in males and 6.33% in females. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (taking 35 - 44 years old as reference, 45 - 54 years old: OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.07 - 1.95; 55 - 64 years old: OR = 2.08, 95%CI: 1.53 - 2.84; 65 years old and over: OR = 1.85, 95%CI: 1.25 - 2.75), family history of diabetes (OR = 2.83, 95%CI: 1.70 - 4.72), overweight or obesity (overweight: OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.05 - 1.78; obesity: OR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.47 - 3.01), central obesity (OR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.39 - 2.44), abnormal triglyceride (OR = 1.54, 95%CI: 1.21 - 1.97), abnormal total cholesterol (OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.11 - 1.77) and abnormal LDL-C (OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.19 - 2.79) increased the risk of type 2 diabetes, and regular physical activity (OR = 0.57, 95%CI: 0.45 - 0.72) was the protective factor of type 2 diabetes.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes among Three Gorge Dam migrants was higher than that of nonmigrants. Increasing age, regular physical activity, family history of diabetes, overweight or obesity, central obesity, abnormal triglyceride, abnormal total cholesterol and abnormal LDL-C were related to type 2 diabetes.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Transients and Migrants

Objective: To explore sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptor2 (RyR 2) expression and calcium releasing function in chronic heart failure (CHF) rabbits and to study the impact of long term valsartan treatment in relevant animals. Methods: HF model was established by volume overloading with pressure overloading in experimental rabbits. 27 rabbits were divided into 3 groups: Sham group, HF group and HF+valsartan group. n=9 in each group and the animals were treated for 7 weeks. Left ventricular structure, hemodynamic parameters, expression and functional changes of myocardiocyte sarcoplasmic reticulum RyR 2 were observed and compared among different groups. Results: Compared with Sham group, HF group had increased left ventricular mess index (LVMI), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and decreased left ventricular shortening fraction, LVEF, all P<0.05. Compared with HF group, HF+valsartan group showed decreased LVMI, LVEDP and increased left ventricular shortening fraction, LVEF, all P<0.05. Sarcoplasmic reticulum RyR 2 expression and calcium releasing function were lower in HF group than Sham group, P<0.05; while they were both higher in HF+valsartan group than HF group, P<0.05. Conclusion: Long term application of valsartan could improve the cardiac function which might be related to increased myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum RyR 2 expression and calcium releasing function in experimental CHF rabbits.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate psychosocial factors and patterns on suicidal ideation of the undergraduates in Shanxi province.

METHODSFour thousand eight hundred and eighty-two undergraduates in Shanxi province were investigated with multistage stratified random clustered samples. Factors associated with suicidal ideation were analyzed with logistic regression and Path analysis by scores of Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI), Suicide Attitude Questionnaire (QSA), Adolescent Self-Rate Life Events Check List (ASLEC), DSQ, Social Support Rating Scale, SCL-90, Simple Coping Modes Questionnaire and EPQ.

RESULTSTendency of psychological disorder was the major factor. Negative life events did not directly affect suicidal ideation, but personality did directly or indirectly affect suicidal ideation through coping and defensive response.

CONCLUSIONSPersonality played a stabilized fundamental role while life events were minor but "triggering" agents. Mental disturbance disposition seemed to be the principal factor related to suicidal ideation. Above three factors were intergraded and resulted in suicidal ideation in chorus.

Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Personality ; Suicide ; psychology

OBJECTIVETo explore a way of determining the weights of variables in synthetic evaluation.

METHODSBased on the attribute synthetic evaluation system, similarity weight was used to cluster and rank the atmospheric quality on 11 large cities.

RESULTSRealized the classification and ranking for the atmospheric quality of the cities given, the results were almost comparable to that achieved by Topsis evaluation.

CONCLUSIONThe method of comprehensive assessment using similarity weight in the attribute synthetic evaluation system seemed to be objective and rational. Not only it embodied the weights of variables involved, but also exploiting the information presented by the sample.

Air Pollution ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; epidemiology ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Decision Making ; Environmental Monitoring ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical

In near-infrared (NIR) analysis of plant extracts, excessive background often exists in near-infrared spectra. The detection of active constituents is difficult because of excessive background, and correction of this problem remains difficult. In this work, the orthogonal signal correction (OSC) method was used to correct excessive background. The method was also compared with several classical background correction methods, such as offset correction, multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), standard normal variate (SNV) transformation, de-trending (DT), first derivative, second derivative and wavelet methods. A simulated dataset and a real NIR spectral dataset were used to test the efficiency of different background correction methods. The results showed that OSC is the only effective method for correcting excessive background.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Computer Simulation ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Models, Chemical ; Models, Statistical ; Multivariate Analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; methods

OBJECTIVEIntegrating column switching for on-line concentration and programmed injection, a novel HPLC method is developed for simultaneous determination of high-content water-soluble components (danshensu, protocatechualdehyde, salvianolic acid B) and trace nerolidol in Xiangdan injection. The concentrations of water-soluble components in Xiangdan injection are roughly 1000 times of that of nerolidol.

METHODThe on-line concentration was performed on a Zorbax SB-C18 guard column. The separation was carried out on Lichrospher C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). The mobile phase of guard column was mixtures of acetonitrile and 1.0% acetic acid water, and the flow rate was 0.5 mL x min(-1). The mobile phase of the analytical column was mixtures of acetonitrile and 0.05% acetic acid water, and the flow rate was set at 1.0 mL x min(-1). The column temperature was maintained at 40 degrees C, and the detection wavelength was 280 nm at 0-40 min, 210 nm at 40-55 min. The program injection was 10 microL of sample solution 1 at 0 min, 200 microL of sample solution 2 at 15.3 min.

RESULTThe calibration curves of danshensu, protocatechualdehyde, salvianolic acid B and nerolidol showed good linear regression (R2 > 0.9990) within investigated concentration ranges. The average recoveries of the four analytes were between l00% and 102%, and the RSD values were less than 3.0%. For danshensu, protocatechualdehyde, salvianolic acid B and nerolidol, the limits of detection at a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of 3 were 17.1, 0.473, 60.2, 50.6 microg x L(-1), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method is a simple, sensitive and repeatable approach. More importantly, results indicate that the present method shows promising prospect for quality control of Xiangdan injection.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes ; analysis ; Solubility