Objective To investigate the feasibility of qualitative diagnosis of small pulmonary nodules (≤1 cm) using multi‐plane reconstruction (MPR) and volume rendering (VR) techniques based on spiral CT scan .Methods The CT images of 190 patients with small pulmonary nodules (≤1 cm) were analyzed retrospectively ,and compared the detection rates of several imaging features among different pathological types of nodules .Results In these 190 patients who were diagnosed as malignance by CT ,168 were confirmed by pathology with an accuracy rate of 88 .4% .The imaging features such as ground glass nodule ,vascular convergence in the benign group were significantly lower than those in the malignant group ,however the solid nodule was observed more frequently in the malignant group (P<0 .05) .The significant differences in other imaging features were not found (P>0 .05) .Except air bronchogram and vascular convergence ,some imaging features (pure ground glass nodule ,part solid ground glass nodule ,solid nodule) showed a decreasing trend ,whereas some others (speculation ,lobulation ,vacuole sign and pleural tag ) were increased among different pathological types of malignant nodules .The linear trend passed the significant test at 0 .017 level .Conclusion CT multi‐plane reconstruction (MPR) and volume rendering (VR) techniques can sufficiently demonstrate the malignant signs in small pulmonary nodules (≤1 cm ) ,can improve to identify different pathological types of such small pulmonary lesions .

Objective To investigate the effect of bezafibrate on serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and blood pressure change in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension after antihypertensive therapy with extended release nifedipine. Methods Fifty-eight patients with both hypertriglyceridemia and hypertension, which was treated with extended release nifedipine, were randomized into 2 groups: bezafibrate group (n=30) and placebo group (n=28). Changes in levels of blood lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor?(TNF-?) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were observed following the treatment. A correlation between these changes and blood pressure was analyzed in both groups. Results The levels of triglyceride, total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly reduced (P

Interest teaching method aims to inspire students' initiative and inquiry in learning.In the teaching process,we used some teaching methods including class lead-in,relevant extracurricular books and websites,scene representation,lectures on special content and arrangements of the review writing.It is important to maintain students' motivate and interest in learning human parasitology,therefore,we should no longer make students passively accept but the initiatively make inquiry learning.

In order to stimulate students to interest in study,broaden their horizons,and strengthen their scientific literacy,the writers opeed the elective course of medical microbiology---《plague and the movie》.During this teaching process the writers explored the setting of the elective course,and summarized the experience and the existing problems of the process and prospect the teaching work of the future.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Herbicides ; poisoning ; toxicity ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; toxicity ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Young Adult

Total 406 community residents entered in fitness improvement program with “management by objectives model of health promotion” from 2009 to 2011.The fitness status was monitored by Xuhui Physical Constitution Center before and after entering the program.The results showed that the level of fitness assessment,the composite score,lung capacity and reaction time were improved with the years (P ＜ 0.01) ; the step index and sitting-and-reach test in 2010 was better than those in 2009(P ＜ 0.01) ; the grip strength in 2010 and 2011 was better than that in 2009 (P ＜ 0.01); the test of single leg-standing with closing eyes in 2011 was better than that in 2009(P ＜ 0.05).There was no difference in body mass index before and after program (P ＞ 0.05).The results indicate that physical fitness and overall health can be improved by management by objectives model for health promotion.

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal morphine preconditioning on the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).Methods Thirty healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats in which intrathecal catheters were successfully placed without complications,weighing 250-350 g,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (S group),I/R group,intrathecal morphine preconditioning group (ITMP group),μ receptor antagonist CTOP + intrathecal morphine preconditioning group (CTOP + ITMP group),and CTOP control group (CTOP group).Myocardial ischemia was induced by 30 min of occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery followed by 120 min of reperfusion in all the groups except S group.Intrathecal morphine preconditioning was produced by 3 cycles of 5 min intrathecal injection of morphine 3 μg/kg (10 μl) at 5 min intervals within 30 min before ischemia in ITMP group.In CTOP+ITMP and CTOP groups,1 μg/μ1 CTOP 10 μl was injected intrathecally at 10 min before morphine preconditioning and 40 min before ischemia,respectively.At 120 min of reperfusion,the rats were sacrificed,and myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of myocardial infarct size,and DRGs were removed for determination of the expression of NGF by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Results Compared with S group,the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased,and the expression of NGF in DRGs was significantly up-regulated in I/R group (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group,the myocardial infarct size was significantly decreased,and the expression of NGF in DRGs was significantly down-regulated in ITMP group (P＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in CTOP group (P＞0.05).Compared with ITMP group,the myocardial infarct size was significantly increased,and the expression of NGF in DRGs was significantly up-regulated in CTOP+ITMP and CTOP groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which intrathecal morphine preconditioning reduces myocardial I/R injury is related to activation of spinal μ receptors,inhibition of NGF expression in DRGs,and reduction of responses to noxious stimulation in the rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal morphine preconditioning (ITMP) on the excitability of substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-300 g,in which intrathecal catheters were successfully placed without complications,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =12 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R,and group ITMP.Myocardial I/R injury was produced by occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion.In group ITMP,the rats received intrathecal morphine 3 μg/kg (10 μl) by three cycles of 5 min infusions interspersed with 5 min infusion-free periods starting from 30 min before ischemia,and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of morphine in group I/R.At 10 min of reperfusion,6 rats randomly selected in each group were sacrificed,and the T2-6 segments of the spinal cords were acutely isolated to prepare spinal cord slices.The resting potential,threshold of action potential (APT),peak of action potential (APP) and action potential duration in SG neurons in the dorsal horn of spinal cord slices were determined using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique,and the number of action potentials evoked by currents of 40,60,80 and 100 pA was recorded.At 120 min of reperfusion,6 rats randomly selected in each group were sacrificed,and myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of myocardial infarct size (IS) and area at risk (AAR),and IS/AAR ratio was calculated.The expression of c-fos in the T2-5 dorsal horns of the spinal cords was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group S,the IS/AAR ratio was significantly increased,the expression of c-fos was up-regulated,the number of action potentials in SG neurons in dorsal horns of spinal cord was increased,APT was decreased,and APP was increased in group I/R (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,the IS/AAR ratio was significantly decreased,the expression of c-fos was down-regulated,the number of action potentials in SG neurons in dorsal horns of spinal cord was decreased,APT was increased,and APP was decreased in group ITMP (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which ITMP attenuates myocardial I/R injury is related to decrease in the excitability of SG neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and reduction of responses to nociceptive stimuli in rats.

Objective To observe the effect of sinomenine(SINO) on immune function of adjuvant arthritis(AA) rats.Methods SD rats were randomized into normal group,model group,SINO groups(treated with gastric gavage of SINO at the doses of 60,120 and 240 mg/kg respectively),and glucosides of Tripterygium Wilfordii(30 mg/kg) group.Except the normal group,the rats in other groups received subcutaneous injection of the complete Freund's adjuvant 0.1mL into the left hind foot to induce AA.The medication began from 12 days after the modeling and lasted 12 days.The pedal swelling and joint function scores were observed in different time.Radioimmunoassay was used to detect the contents of interleukin-1?(IL-1?) and tumor necrosis factor ?(TNF-?) in synovial cells.Expression of IL-1? and TNF-? mRNA was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) assay.Results SINO at different concentrations decreased the pedal swelling and arthritis scores to various degrees,inhibited the production of IL-1? and TNF-? in the synovial cells,reduced the expression of IL-1? and TNF-? mRNA,and recovered the normal histological features of synovial cells in AA rats.Conclusion The therapeutic mechanism of SINO for rheumatoid arthritis may be related with the inhibition of secretion of inflammatory mediators in synovial cells,and with the recovery of histological features of synovial cells.

AIM:To investigate the possible mechanism of magnolol on the damage of PC12 cell induced by the addition of 6-OHDA placed in an incubator for 24 h with rat's pheochromocytoma cell of adrenal medulla in the absence and presence of magnolol. METHODS:Cell viability was measured by MTT method. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aspartate-specific cysteine proteases-3 (Caspase-3) concentration(s) were assayed by fluorescence spectrophotometer. RESULTS:Cell activity declined sharply by the addition of 6-OHDA at concentration of 100 ?mol/L,the pre-treatment of magnolol(0.1~10 ?mol/L)could significantly increase the PC12 cell activity and prevent the increased ROS and caspase-3. CONCLUSION:Magnolol may protect the cell trauma induced by 6-OHDA,and the mechanism is related to inhibiting the 6-OHDA-induced elevation in intracellular ROS levels and reducing the caspase-3 activity.