Objective To explore the protective effect of portal vein administration of propofol on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury(HIRI) and its mechanism.Methods Thirty-two male rabbits were randomly allocated into four groups:Group A(sham operation group),the abdomen was only opened and closed;group B,the hepatic inflow was occluded for 30 min,and reperfused for 60 min;group C,the same managment as group B + propofol injected through jugular vein;group D,the treatment same as group B + propofol injected through portal vein.Drug injection was completed 20 min before hepatic inflow occlusion.Serum ALT and AST,and endothelin-1(ET-1) and nitric oxide(NO)in the hepatic tissue and blood,and the content of ATP in hepatic tissue were determined.Results The level of ET-1 in plasma and hepatic tissue was significantly increased in group B compared to group C and D(P

Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Skin Tests

Objective To investigate the relationship between portal vein pressure and liver regeneration after 90% portal branch ligation in rats.Methods Forty-five male SD rats underwent 90% portal branch ligation (including 5 rats underwent sham operation),and then the changes of portal vein pressure and weight of unligated hepatic lobes were detected.The morphological changes of hepatocytes of the unligated hepatic lobes were observed under a light microscope.Proliferative cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)index was detected by immunohistochemistry,and hepatocyte apoptosis of the unligated hepatic lobes by TUNEL method.All data were analyzed by Pearson rank correlation analysis and t test.Results Thirty-eight out of 40 rats survived(95%).The ligated hepatic lobes diminished progressively,whereas the unligated hepatic lobes regenerated.Preoperative portal vein pressure was(9.1±1.8)cm H_2O(1 cm H_2O=0.098 kPa),and it was increased significantly shortly after the ligation and reached (15.8±2.7)cm H_2O 12 hours later(t=6.847,P＜0.05).The portal vein pressure decreased from(13.6±2.3)cm H_2O at day 1 to(9.3±2.0)cm H_2O at day 28.Preoperative positive PCNA index was 7%±3%,which was significantly lower than 14%±5%at postoperative 12 hours,21%±6%at day 3 and 26%±7%at day 5(t=9.129,P＜0.05),and it began to return to normal at day 5.Few apoptotic hepatoeytes were observed in preoperative liver tissue and unligated hepatic lobes.The expression of PCNA in unligated hepatic lobes and portal vein pressure had apositive correlation at postoperative day 1,3,5(r=0.913,0.896,0.908,P<0.05)and a negative correlation at postoperative day 14(r=-0.926,P<0.05).Conclusions The regeneration of hepatocytes in unligated hepatic lobes is activated after 90% portal branch ligation,and the regenerated liver compensates the weight loss of the ligated hepatic lobes.Liver is regenerated mainly by speeding hepatocyte proliferation rather than reducing hepatocyte apoptosis.Changes of portal vein pressure may play an important role in liver regeneration.

Objective: To investigate the alteration of bcl- 2 gene family in the rat brain and the molecular mechanism of neuronal apoptosis following traumatic brain injury. Methods: Male Sprague -Dawley rats were subjected to lateral fluid percussion brain injury(FPI) of mo derate severity. Bcl-2, Bcl-x and Bax protein expression was detected by immun ohistochemistry. Results: (1) The immunoreactivity of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x protein decreased in the hippocampus ipsilateral impact site as early as 6 h post-injury, and this was the main cause of down-regulation of the ratio of Bcl-2+Bcl-x to Bax. (2) During 1-3 d after injury, the Bax protein express i on increased significantly, while the Bcl-2 and Bcl-x protein expression decre ased relatively slow. The decreased ratio of Bcl-2+Bcl-x to Bax was mainly due to the Bax up-regulation. Conclusion: The bcl-2 gene family is involved in neuronal apoptosis after FBI, and the protein expression alteration of the family members leads the neuronal cell to apoptosis.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of affective disorder in Kunming City. Methods: A rep-resentative sample of the Kunming general population composed of 5033 individuals aged 15 years and older was se-lecteed randomly by the method of probability proportional to size (PPS), and then was interviewed with the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 2.1 (CIDI, version 2.1).The preva-lence of affective disorder was investigated. And the relative factors, onset age and comorbid were also analyzed. Results: The 30-duy prevalence of affective disorder was 0.98%, the 12-month prevalence was 1.22%,and the lifetime prevalence was 1.89%. The results of the single factor analysis showed that the urban residents, the persons who divorced, limited divorced or lost one's spouse, and the unemployed or the higher educated were more vulnerable to depression. The results of the multifactor analysis showed that the rural residents and the males were protective factors to affective disorder. Different subunits of affective disorder had different onset ages. The onset age of 90% bipolar disorder patients was before 25 years old. The patients before 50 years old was risky to dysthy-mia. The patients with major depression had a lifetime risk of onset. Anxiety disorder and pain disorder would in-crease the risk of affective disorder. Conclusion: The findings show that the prevalence of the affective disorder is lower than the same kind survey abroad while it is close to the domestic's. More attention and intervention should been given to the urban population, the females, the singles, the unemployed, and the higher educationed.

Objective To analyze the expression profile of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the lipopolysaecharide (LPS)-induced inflammation of monocyte-derived macrophages.Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were derived from healthy donor and induced into macrophages. The macrophages were divided into blank control group and LPS (1 mg/L) stimulated 12 hours group. Culture supernatants and cell pellets were harvested in each group, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assay the production changes of interleukins (IL-1β and IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the supernatant. The technique of lncRNA microarray was used to test the lncRNA expression profile in LPS-induced inflammation of macrophages and control macrophages. The raw data of lncRNA were pretreated for normalization. Five lncRNA expressions were validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of NR_028034 in macrophages after LPS-induced inflammation.Results ① The contents of IL-1β (ng/L:562.93±61.17 vs. 59.74±15.68), IL-6 (ng/L: 702.46±92.31 vs. 71.66±18.25) and TNF-α (ng/L: 794.50±63.89 vs. 85.12±22.07) in the LPS group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group (allP < 0.01). These results indicated that the inflammatory model of human macrophages was constructed successfully. ② Compared with blank control group, and 1479 lncRNA which have more than 2 folds variation and significant difference (P < 0.05) by statistical analysis was defined as lncRNA with differential expression. Among these lncRNA, LPS group showed 953 up- regulated and 526 down- regulated genes by 2 folds and 49 up- regulated and 35 down- regulated genes by 5 folds. ③ qRT-PCR results were generally consistent with the microarray data. ④ The expression of NR_028034 was increased by (4.41±0.65), (11.56±2.04), (18.58±1.36) folds compared with blank control group at 3, 6, 12 hours after LPS stimulation (allP < 0.01).Conclusions These data show a significantly altered lncRNA expression profile in the LPS-induced inflammation of monocyte-derived macrophages, suggesting that lncRNA may be involved in regulation of macrophages inflammatory response.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of arsenic trioxide combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization on treatment of primary liver cancer with pulmonary metastases.Methods Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups:group A (treatment group,n =30) and group B (control group,n =30).Group A was received periodic transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and 10 mg arsenic trioxide by intravenous infusion for 5 hours per day,3 days after TACE.Each cycle consisted of 14 days' administration,and repeated after 2 weeks.Each patient was received 3-4 successive cycles.Group B was received periodic TACE alone.Objective efficiency,benefit rate,quality of life and the correlates with metastatic tumor size and number in the both groups were recorded.Results The objective efficiency was 26.7％ (8/30),and the benefit rate was 60.0％ (18/30) in group A,while they were 0 and 16.7％ (5/30) in group B with significant statistics differences (x2 =7.067,P =0.008;x2 =11.915,P =0.001).The quality of life was improved in 4 patients and stable in 18 of group A,while no patient was improved and 13 were stable in group B (x2 =9.669,P =0.008).There was a significantly positive correlation between the tumor burden and therapeutic effect (Kendall r =-0.765,P ＜ 0.001 ;Spearman r =-0.821,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion Arsenic trioxide combined TACE is an effective treatment method in treating primary liver cancer with pulmonary metastases.

Objective: To investigate the alterations of bcl-2 gene family in the rat brain and the molecular mechanism of neuronal apoptosis follow ing traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to lateral fluid percussion brain injury(FPBI) of moderate severity. bax and bcl-xL mRNA and protein expression was detected by RT-PCR an d immunohistochemistry. In addition to morphological evidence of apoptosis, TUNE L histochemistry was used to identify DNA fragmentation in situ under both l ight and electron microscope, whereas characteristic internucleosomal DN A fragm entation of apoptosis was demonstrated by DNA gel electrophoresis. Resul ts: bcl-xL mRNA and protein decreased in the ipsilateral hemisphere t o the impact site as early as 6 h post-injury［(67.42±7.54)% and (85.85±5.72)% r espectively］. The decrease in bcl-xL mRNA and protein preceded apoptosis was observed 12 h post-injury. And this was the main cause of up-regulation of the ratio of bax to bcl-xL in the acute period(minutes-hours) followin g FPBI. bax mRNA and protein were observed to rise slowly, doubled 3 d post- injury, returned to sham level slowly. The delayed cell death (days-weeks) migh t associated with the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic gene bax. Conclusio n: The expression of bcl-xL and bax coincide with apoptosis following TBI. The reg ulation of bax and bcl-xL by TBI occur before transcription. The balance of bax/bcl-xL ratio determines the neurocytes to survive or die following FPBI.

OBJECTIVETo measure the nasal patency in patients with vasomotor rhinitis (VMR) and healthy controls and to assess its correlation with visual analogue scale (VAS).

METHODSA total of 105 patients with VMR and 71 healthy controls were included in this study. By using nasal rhinomanometry, the pressure-flow curve and got total nasal resistances of 75 Pa and 150 Pa were measured. By means of acoustic rhinometry, the area-distance curve before and after using nasal vasoconstrictor substance was obtained, got the nasal minimum cross-sectional area (MCA), then calculated nasal congestion index (NCI). The outcomes of nasal resistance and acoustic rhinometry in two groups were compared. The correlation between VAS and nasal patency of VMR was evaluated.

RESULTSThe correlation between the outcomes with nasal resistance and acoustic rhinometry and VAS of nasal symptom showed no statistical significance in VMR patients (all P > 0.05). MCA before and after decongestion showed no difference (Z value were -1.541 and -0.626, each P > 0.05), NCI had statistic differences in two groups (Z = -2.707, P < 0.05). Nasal resistance of 75 Pa had statistic differences in two groups (Z = -4.334, P < 0.05), 150 Pa showed no difference (Z = -1.314, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSVasomotor rhinitis is one of the most common non-allergic rhinitis. Subjective symptoms has no correlation with objective nasal patency tests. In clinical practice, comprehensive evaluation of subjective symptoms and objective test results of the patient is required.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nose ; physiopathology ; Rhinitis, Vasomotor ; physiopathology ; Rhinometry, Acoustic ; Young Adult

Objective To assess the therapeutic value of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined 125iodine seed implantation for primary hepatic carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus.Methods The data of 23 patients ranging from 34 to 70 years old [ average age ( 56 ± 8) years ] with primary hepatic carcinoma with portal vein tumor thromhosis of type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ were retrospectively collected.The tumor number of liver parenchyma ranged from 1to 15 ( median number 4).The average diameter of tumor thrombus was (20.5 ± 1.5 ) mm and average length was ( 37.4 ± 2.6 ) mm.All of the tumors of liver parenchyma in 23 patients were treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and tumor thrombus were treated with 125iodine seed implantation.Before the 125iodine seed implantation,the formula dosage,the number,the spatial distribution,the intensity of radioactivity and the matched peripheral dosage of seed were calculated by treatment planning system (TPS).Then the 125iodine seeds were implanted in different levels and locations of port vein thrombosis under CT guided.Results The follow-up period ranged from 1to 26 months.The times of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization were 1to six times (median time 3.1±0.4) and the 125iodine seed implantation in the port vein thrombosis were 1to 2 times ( median time 1.4 ± 0.5 ).The numbers of implanted 125iodine seeds were 4 to 17 ( median number 7.0 ± 1.0).The median survival time was 18.0 months (3-24 months).The 3,6 and 12 months survival rates were 91.3％ ( 21/23 ),69.6％ ( 16/23 ),and 60.9％ ( 14/23 ).There was no severe side-effect related to therapy.Conclusions Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization combined 125iodine seed implantation for portal vein tumor thrombosis could significantly prolong the median survival time of patient with primary hepatic carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis.