Objective To study the main causes of hearing disability in Beijing residents. Methods The second national sample survey on disability of China was carried out in Beijing on April 1,2006. Muhiphase, stratified, proportional and cluster samplings were adopted to investigate 74 795 residents in Beijing, including 36 753 males and 38 042 females. 55 773 were urban residents while 19 022 from rural areas. The method of descriptive study was used to analyze the data of hearing disabitity in Beijing. Results Top five causes of hearing disability (including multiple disabilities) in Beijing were presbycusis, unknown, systematic diseases, noise induced, and odds media. The prevalence was 1.10%, 0.30%, 0.30%, 0.20% and 0.17%, respectively. Heredity, unknown and others were the main causes of children under 0～14 years. Unknown, ototoxicity, and otitis media were the main causes of people aged 15 ～59 years. Presbycusis, systematic diseases, noise induced and unknown were main causes of people aged 60 years and older. Presbycusis was the top cause of hearing disability for male and female residents as well as people live in urban and rural areas in Beijing. Conclusion Presbyeusis, unknown, systematic diseases, noise induced, and otitis media were main causes of hearing disability (including multiple disabilities) in Beijing.

Objective To elucidate the MRI appearance of prostatic abscess,the DWI and enhanced MRI features.Methods 12 cases of prostatic abscesses were retrospectively analyzed,the clinical symptom mainly manifested as lower urinary tract symptoms and fever.All of the patients were given routine MR examination including DWI sequence,6 patients received further enhanced MR examination.Results In the 12 cases,there were 4 cases behaved as single type,8 cases as multifocal type.The abscess showed iso-or slightly hypo-signal intensity on T1 WI,hyper-signal intensity on T2 WI,markedly high signal intensity on DWI and correspond-ing markedly low signal intensity on ADC.Complete abscess walls showed iso-or slightly hyper signal on T1 WI,hypo-signal inten-sity on T2 WI.The mature abscess walls were thin and smooth,which showed homogeneously ring enhanced in 4 cases.The imma-ture abscess walls showed uneven thickness and moderately enhanced in 2 cases.Septum in the abscess could be found in 4 cases, which showed similar enhancement to the abscess walls,while the abscess cavity showed non-enhanced.Abscesses involved the sur-rounding structures in 2 cases,the involved area showed obvious hyper-signal on T2 WI fat-suppression sequence.Conclusion DWI is the best sequence in the diagnosis of prostatic abscess,the markedly high signal intensity on DWI is the characteristic sign.The enhanced MRI showed the walls and septa clearly,the extent and involvement of adjacent structures.The multi-parametric MRI is a prominent procedure in the diagnosis of prostatic abcess.

Bone marrow microenvironment is a complex network consisting of hematopoietic stem/pro-genitor cells (HSPCs),non-hematopoietic cells,extracellular matrix and various cytokines.Its components interact to support normal hematopoiesis.Emerging evidence indicates that the dysfunction of mesenchymal stem cells,myeloid-derived suppressor cells,cytokines and the epigenetic alterations of HSPCs in the bone marrow microenvironment could influence normal hematopoiesis.Abnormal hematopoiesis contributes to the occurrence of hematological malignancies,such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).Animal models have confirmed that bone marrow microenvironment plays an important role in the original generation and maintenance of malignant diseases of hematopoietic system.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of Leprosy Elimination Compaigns (LEC) integrated with routine case- finding of leprosy in the high leprosy- epidemic areas in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces. Methods Extensive health education of leprosy in the community, training of paramedical workers on leprosy, clue survey and contact survey were carried out to make diagnosis and provide treatment. Results A total of 122 new leprosy cases were detected in 6 high leprosy- epidemic counties through LEC in 1999 with a detection rate of 3.7/100 000, but in contrast, the annual number of newly detected leprosy cases was 67 cases with an average detection rate of 2/100 000 during the period of 3 years before LEC. Among the newly detected leprosy cases, about 47％ were leprosy household contacts. Conclusion LEC combined with routine activities of case finding can improve the detection of the back- log cases in the communities. In the high epidemic areas, especially in the remote and difficult- to- access areas, majority of leprosy cases can be detected through combining active and passive case- finding methods, providing extensive health education, improving leprosy services in skin clinic, leprosy contact and clue surveys.

AIM: To observe the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on the subsequent permanent ischemic rat retina. METHODS: A model of two-vessel occlusion (2VO) was used to give an ischemic insult to rat retina. Bilateral carotid arteries were occluded directly in the simple ischemic groups. A procedure of double 2 min ischemia- 3 min reperfusion was applied to IPC groups before their carotid arteries were occluded. Experimental control groups received the same operation except that their exposed vessels were not occluded. Other 6 normal rats served as immunohistochemical controls. Eyeballs were taken out after being subjected to 1, 3 and 7 days of ischemia. The morphometry of retina was measured by stereologic methods. The apoptosis during the retinal ischemia was detected by TUNEL. Immunohistochemistry staining was used for the localization of bcl-2 in retina. RESULTS: In IPC groups, the thickness of retina was thinner than that in simple ischemic groups. The apoptosis was less when compared with the simple ischemic groups at the same ischemic time. The apoptotic cells show only in INL and the apoptosis of RGCs was not appeared until 7 days postischemia. There was no significant difference of the numerical density of RGCs at the different time after the operation. The bcl-2 immunoreactivity was weaker than that of the simple ischemic groups too. CONCLUSION: IPC reduced the injury caused by ischemia in retina, showing a protective effect.

In view of the current conditions and reasons about the reform of medical and health system in China,the paper expounds the feasibility of authorized operation with state-owned assets of public hospital and the concrete operational pattern from the angle of hospital operational mechanism, which proposes a new idea about how to effectively solve the contradiction between the limited investment on state-owned health resources and the growing demands on medical health.

Objective To investigate the effect of vibroacoustic therapy on the behavioral problem for children with cerebral injury. ethods 20 cerebral injury children (aged 6~8 years) with behavioral problem judged with Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire (PSQ) ccepted vibroaacoustic therapy. Their PSQ scores were reviewed before and after treatment. Results Comparing with the norm, the scores f conduct problems, learning problems, anxiety and impulsivity-hyperactivity were higher in cerebral injured boys, while the scores of hysical symptoms and anxiety were higher in girls. The scores of learning problem, anxiety, impulsivity-hyperactivity and hyperactivity index educed after the vibroacoustic therapy (P<0.05). Conclusion Vibroacoustic therapy can alleviate the behavioral problems of children ith cerebral injury.

Objective To observe the application effect of wuhuangyou in the prevention of radiodermatitis for tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy and evaluate its applicability. Methods We divided 203 tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy into 3 groups.Application of wuhuangyou,meibao and routine health education were used in each group. Results Statistical difference existed in the incidence rate and degree of radio-dermatitis between the three groups,among which wuhuangyou proved to possess the best effect,P ＜ 0.01. Conclusion The application of wuhuangyou was safe,effective,economical in the prevention of radio-dermatitis.It could relieve the pain of patients and guarantee the smooth process of chemotherapy.

Objective To investigate the quality of life(QOL) and symptoms of community patients with advanced cancer,and analyze their correlation.Methods 94 advanced cancer patients in 3 communities of Yangpu district in Shanghai were surveyed by self-designed questionnaire,FACT-G and MDASI.The correlation between QOL and symptoms was analyzed.Results QOL of advanced cancer patients was poor,and the main influencing factors were gender,age,stage of cancer,KPS score,marital statusand economic burden.There was significant negative correlation between symptoms and QOL.Fatigue,amnesia,uneasy sleep,insensible feeling,distress and dry mouth were the symptoms patients suffered mostly.Conclusions For patients with advanced cancer,evaluation of the influencing factors of QOL and better control of symptoms could improve their QOL.