Animals ; Brain ; cytology ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; physiology ; Formaldehyde ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Inflammation ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Male ; Neurons ; metabolism ; physiology ; Pain ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Pain Measurement ; methods ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effectiveness of pie-crusting technique in improving the stiff knee.

METHODSFrom February 2012 to December 2013, 13 patients with stiff knee were reviewed retrospectively. There were 6 males and 7 females, ranging in age from 39 to 70 years old (averaged, 55.6 years old). Of the 13 cases, 8 patients had stiffness following fracture (comminuted tibial plateau fracture in 4, femoral supracondylar fracture in 3 and patellar fracture in 1), 5 patients had TKA-related stiffness.

RESULTSA follow-up lasted 8 to 12 months (mean 10 months)in 13 cases. The mean maximum flexion increased from (37 ± 6)° preoperatively to (52 ± 7)° after arthrolysis, and (108 ± 7)° after pie-crusting. At the final follow-up, mean maximum flexion was (105 ± 6)°. According to Judet evaluation system, 10 patients got an excellent result and 3 good. No major complications, such as extensor lag, skin necrosis, deep infection, dislocation of the patella or recurrent stiffness were found.

CONCLUSIONThe percutaneous technique of pie-crusting is a simple, minimally invasive and effective treatment for knee stiffness.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Knee Joint ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the role of white matter injuries in the schizophrenia induced by the NMDA re-ceptor antagonist. Methods Adult male C57BL/6J mice (8 week old) were equally divided into four groups. One group was sub-chronically treated with saline solution, and the other three groups were intraperitoneally treated with MK-801 at dose of 0.025 mg/mL (M1), 0.050 mg/mL (M2) and 0.100 mg/mL (M3) in a volume 10 ml per kilogram body weight. All ani-mals were tested using Morris water maze at the 9th-15th day and using the Hole Board exploration as well as Rota Rod performance tests on the 16th day. The myelin basic protein (MBP) and the ultrastructure of the myelin sheaths in the cor-pus callosum were then examined using immunohistochemical methods, transmission electron microscope technique and stereological methods. Results The repeated sub-chronic MK-801 treatment did not induce impairment of spatial learning and memory in Morris water maze. The MK-801 treatment at 0.25 mg/kg and 1.00 mg/kg but not at 0.50 mg/kg resulted in less exploration to a new environment. The myelin staining with anti-MBP antibody was less intense in all three schizo-phrenic groups when compared to saline control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, MK-801 treatment caused pathological al-terations of the myelin sheaths including segmental demyelination of myelinated fibers and splitting of myelin sheath lamel- lae in schizophrenic groups. The ratio of the injured myelinated nerve fibers in the corpus callosum of MK-801 treated mice [M3 group, (22.42 ± 4.24)%] was significantly higher when compared to the control mice [(3.84 ± 1.35)%,P<0.01)]. Conclusions The present study demonstrated the white matter damages, mainly low MBP expression and segmental demye-lization in the corpus callosum in the mice sub-chronic treated with MK-801, indicating that the white matter changes might be involved in the schizophrenia induced by NMDA antagonist.

Objective To investigate the dynamic expressions of exchange protein directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Epac) in rat model of hepatic fibrosis(HF).Methods Forty-two male SD rats were divided into control group (n = 6) and model group (n = 36)which was divided into six subgroups of day 4, week 1, week 2, week 4,week 6 and week 8 with six rats in each subgroup. The rat model of HF was established by intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). The pathological changes of liver were observed by Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson staining. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),immunohistochemistry and Western blot were employed to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of Epac1, Epac2 and transforming gronth factor (TGF)β1 during the process of modeling and localization in the liver. The statistical analysis was done using one-factor ANOVA, LSD-t test,Dunnett T3 test and Pearson linear correlation analysis. Results Rat model of liver fibrosis was established successfully. In control group, Epac1 (0. 031 28±0. 008 96) and Epac2 protein (0.034 43±0. 002 45) mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. In model group, the level of Epac1 decreased at day 4 (0. 023 97±0. 003 81) and week 1 (0. 015 81±0. 002 48) ,then began to increase at week 2 of modeling and peaked at week 6 (0. 039 54±0. 001 43), which had statistical significance compared to the control group (t= 5.47,11.58 and - 6.18, respectively; all P＜0.05). Epac2 protein expression declined after modeling, reached the lowest level at week 4 (0. 011 21 ±0. 001 32), which had statistical significance compared to the control group (t= 24. 50, P＜0. 05). TGFβ1 protein expression increased after modeling and peaked at week 4 (0. 011 30±0.001 03) which had statistical significance (t= -23. 36, P＜0. 05) compared to the control group (0. 002 08 ±0. 000 18). The expressions of Epac1, Epac2 and TGFβ1 mRNA were consistent with the trend of protein levels.Correlation analysis showed that Epac1 protein was positively correlated with the course of HF (r =0. 703, P＜0.01 ), while Epac2 protein was negatively correlated (r = - 0. 409, P＜0.05). Conclusions During the progression of HF, Epac1 expression tends to decrease firstly and increase afterwards,while Epac2 expression declines continually. Epac may be involved in the pathogenesis of HF.

Objective To analyze the variations of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 like gene (GPD1-L) and address the association with sudden m anhood death syndrom e (SMDS). Methods The genom ic DNA was extracted from blood sam ples of the SMDS group and the norm alcontrolgroup.The exons, exon-in-tron boundaries and 3′-U TRs of coding region of GPD1-L w ere PCRam plified and DNAsequenced di-rectly to confirm the types of variations. The genotype frequency and allele frequency w ere analyzed statistically. Results There w ere tw ovariants in the SMDS group, c.465C>Tand c.*18G>T, the latter existed certain degree difference of genotype distribution and allele frequency betw een the SMDS group and the control group, but there was no statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion The relation be-tw een gene m utation of GPD1-L and the occurrence of Chinese SMDS deserves a further research.

To assess the correlation between thyroid function and glucolipid metabolism in type 1 diabetic adults. A retrospective analysis was conducted in 230 type 1 diabetic adults who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University from January 2008 to January 2020. It showed that thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) was significantly positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC) ( r=0.239), triglycerides (TG) ( r=0.166) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ( r=0.249), respectively (all P<0.05). Free triiodothyronine (FT 3) was significantly negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ( r=-0.272), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ( r=-0.240), TC ( r=-0.197) and LDL-C ( r=-0.220), respectively (all P<0.05). Free thyroxine (FT 4) was negatively correlated with TC ( r=-0.171) and LDL-C ( r=-0.170), respectively (all P<0.05). TC was an independent predictor of TSH, FT 3 and FT 4, FT 3 and FT 4 were independent predictors of HbA1c. TSH was an independent predictor of TC, TG and LDL-C. Thyroid function is closely related to glucolipid metabolism in type 1 diabetic adults.

Citri Fructus identification by fingerprint and chemometrics was investigated in this paper. Twenty-three Citri Fructus samples were collected which referred to two varieties as Cirtus wilsonii and C. medica recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. HPLC chromatograms were obtained. The components were partly identified by reference substances, and then common pattern was established for chemometrics analysis. Similarity analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) , partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis heatmap were applied. The results indicated that C. wilsonii and C. medica could be ideally classified with common pattern contained twenty-five characteristic peaks. Besides, preliminary pattern recognition had verified the chemometrics analytical results. Absolute peak area (APA) was used for relevant quantitative analysis, results showed the differences between two varieties and it was valuable for further quality control as selection of characteristic components.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Citrus ; chemistry ; classification ; Discriminant Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; classification ; Mass Spectrometry ; Principal Component Analysis

OBJECTIVETo explore therapeutic effects of modified femoral prosthesis applied in the initial posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty.

METHODSFrom April 1, 2012 to January 1, 2013, 156 patients with knee osteoarthritis underwent posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty by the same director of orthopedic surgeon. Sixty-one patients were treated with modified femoral prosthesis, including 7 males and 54 females, with an average age of (68.34 +/- 5.41) years old; and 95 patients were treated with conventional designed femoral prosthesis, including 14 males and 81 females, with an average age of (69.92 +/- 5.11) years old. Indexes including age, body mass index, Insall-Salvati index, type of prosthesis, occurrence rate of patella click syndrome, postoperative line of force of lower extremity and postoperative function of the knee joint were observed and recorded. And American Knee Society (AKS) score was used to evaluate the clinical results.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 36 to 56 weeks, with a mean of 45.31 weeks. Among patients in the conventional designed femoral prosthesis group, 7 patients had patella click syndrome, but there was no patient having patellar click syndrome in the modified femoral prosthesis group. Postoperative knee activity of patients in the modified femoral prosthesis group was (110.98 +/- 10.32) degrees, which was better than (107.05 +/- 8.61) degrees in the conventional designed femoral prosthesis group. The AKS score in the modified femoral prosthesis group was 129.79 +/- 9.63 during 21 to 28 days after operation, which was higher than 126.85 +/- 7.79 in the conventional designed femoral prosthesis group.

CONCLUSIONNew designed femoral components are effective to reduce the occurrence rate of postoperative patellar click syndrome and obtain better early functional recovery from knee surgery.

Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; adverse effects ; instrumentation ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Femur ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee Joint ; surgery ; Knee Prosthesis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the reliability and diagnosis accuracy of 5 special tests used for the diagnosis of subacromial impingement syndrome (SAIS).

METHODSA prospective blinded cohort study was taken,in which 105 patients with shoulder pain were reviewed. All the patients took 5 special syndrome tests including Neer syndrome, Hawkins-Kennedy syndrome, painful arc empty can test and external rotation resistance test, also underwent arthroscopic surgical examination. The Nikolaus's criterion was regarded as a golden standard for SAIS. Data accuracy analysis was calculated through a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (+LR) and negative likelihood ratio (-LR). The binary Logistic regression analysis was used to find out the best test combination for ruling in or out SAIS. The interrater reliability was assessed by the Kappa coefficient and percent agreement.

RESULTSThe ROC analysis indicated a significant area under the curve (AUC) (AUC=0.62 to 0.73, P<0.05) for all tests except the Hawkins-Kennedy. Tests with a +LR greater or equal to 2.0 were the painful arc,empty can,external rotation resistance, Tests with a-LR less than 0.5 were Neer,painful are ,external rotation resistance. The regression analysis found the painful arc, empty can and external rotation resistance made the best combination for diagnosis SAIS,while the painful are and external rotation resistance made the best combination for ruling out SAIS. The difference of ROC analysis was significant with a cut-off of 3 positive tests out of 5 tests. All tests had moderate to good agreement (Kappa=0.42 to 0.71).

CONCLUSIONThe single test of painful arc, empty can and external rotation resistance, as well as 3 or more positive tests of the 5 tests can help confirm the diagnosis of SAIS, while the single test of Neer, painful arc and external rotation resistance are help rule out the diagnisis of SAIS. The tests of painful arc, empty can and ex ternal rotation resistance are the best combination for the diagnosis of SAIS (when 2 or more are positive), while the tests of painful arc and external rotation resistance are the best combination for ruling out SAIS (when both are negative)

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Physical Examination ; methods ; Prospective Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Shoulder Impingement Syndrome ; diagnosis

BACKGROUND:Animal experimental studies have confirmed that cell transplantation,neurotrophic factor infusion or transplantation as well as other methods can alter the local environment of injured spinal cord and promote its partial function recovery. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation for the treatment of the sequel of myelitis,and to explore whether it would promote the recovery of the spinal cord function. DESIGN:A non-randomized self-control study. SETTING:Ward of Second Department of Surgery of Taian Disabled Soldiers Hospital of Shandong Province. PARTICIPANTS:Thirty-two patients with obsolete myelitis,who come from all over China and suffered from disease for 0.5 to 7 years,admitted to our hospital between June 2004 and July 2007 were recruited in this study.The involved patients,including 21 males and 11 females,were aged 5-48 years.Their neurological functions were not obviously improved after various conventional treatments and limb function exercise.Meanwhile,various sensorimotors and autonomic nerve functional impairments were left.Among the patients,18 suffered from acute viral myelitis,8 from acute purulent myelitis and 6 from tuberculous myelitis.After onset,they were all given large doses of radiosonde, dexamethasone,anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs and various neurotrophic drugs.Twenty-six patients presented complete injury and six patients incomplete injury.Informed consent of treatment was obtained from each patient.The therapeutic protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the hospital.Embryonic olfactory bulbs were harvested from aborted embryo,which was donated voluntarily by the patients or their relatives. METHODS:Cells were isolated from embryonic olfactory bulbs,cultured and purified for 7 to 14 days,and finally they were digested into single-cell suspension.Under the surgical miscroscope,the cells were transplanted onto the regions which were above or below the spinal cord injury site.Two weeks to 2 months postoperatively,neurological function of spinal cord was assessed by using the American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA)Scoring Standard formulated in 2000,and was compared to pre-operation function. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Sensory function change.②Motor function change. RESULTS:Half a year to 2 years after olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation,the sensory and motor functions of 32 patients were all obviously improved(motor function:55.72?10.50 vs.51.53?13.41;light touch:69.53?11.68 vs. 63.06?15.98;pain sense:69.50?12.20 vs.64.03?15.0,all P