AIM: To prepare flexible nanoliposomes made from active ingredients,phillyrin and volatile oil,from forsythia suspense and study their transdermal delivery system.METHODS: Flexible nanolipsomes of phill-yrin(WN group) and phillyrin in combination with forsythia volatile oil(OWN group) were prepared by the meth-od of membrane-dispersion.Its appearance and particle sizes were measured.Transdermal experiments were carried out on the modified Franz diffusion pool through in vitro mouse skin.HPLC was applied to determining the phillyrin content to compare transdermal rate and cumulative permeation amount of various flexible nanoliposomes.RESULTS: The particle size of the WN group was(180.7 ? 13.69)nm,the Zata potential was-48.8 mV,the average encapsulation percentage was(82.53 ? 2.68)%;the particle size of the OWN group was(212.3 ? 15.31)nm,Zata potential was-51.2 mV,the average encapsulation percentage was(70.49 ? 1.06)%.The accu-mulated permeation amount of the OWN group in 8 hours was(291.92 ? 23.22) ?g/cm2,its transdermal permea-bility in 8 hours was 36.49 ?g/(cm2.h),which was 6.10 folds that of the WS group and 1.92 folds that of the WN group.This difference had statistical significance(P

Objective To observe the Influence of Daotan decoction on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in Rats, and its relative mechanisms was analyzed. Methods The rat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis model was induced by high fat diet. The rats of therapeutic groups were treated with small, middle and high dose Daotan decoction respectively. Their general condition, liver index, and the fat change and inflammation of liver were observed. The serum ALT、triglyceride(TG), total cholesterol(TCH), low density lipoprotein(HCL-C), high density lipoprotein(LDL-C)were determined respectively. Results The liver index of therapeutic groups were markedly reduced respectively compared with those of model group(P0.05). The liver inflammation in therapeutic groups were improved better those in model group(P

To analysis of Dengzhan Xixin injection (DZI) in treatment of cerebral infarction (EBHM) in the real world population characteristics and concomitant medication. By selecting the 20 hospital information system (HIS) used in the database of DZI and primary diagnosis of 2 484 cases of cerebral infarction patients information, use the Apriori algorithm to construct the model, using Clementine 12.0 analysis, cerebral infarction complicating diseases, commonly used drug combination analysis of DZI. The results showed that patients with more males than females (1.63: 1); age > 46 in older persons, treatment 7-14 days accounted for the majority of patients with hypertension, cerebral infarction, diabetes, coronary heart disease and other diseases; common drug combination can be divided into seven categories: medicine of antiplatelet therapy (aspirin, clopidogrel hydrogen), hypolipidemic drugs (atorvastatin, probucol), calcium channel blockers (cinepazide), cerebral protection drugs (laci staw), to improve cerebral circulation drugs (alprostadil), other traditional Chinese medicine injection (Shuxuetong injection, Xueshuantong), treatment with underlying disease: nifedipine, metoprolol, isosorbide dinitrate etc. The clinical cure rate and improvement rate of 97.60%. The next step needs to be combined with clinical practice, carry out analysis of effectiveness and safety of the combination scheme, and provide reference for clinical rational drug use.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cerebral Infarction ; complications ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

The evolution of the quality control concepts of medical products within the global context and the development of the quality control technology of Chinese medicine are briefly described. Aimed at the bottlenecks in the regulation and quality control of Chinese medicine, using Big Data technology to address the significant challenges in Chinese medicine industry is proposed. For quality standard refinements and internationalization of Chinese medicine, a technological innovation strategy encompassing its methodology, and the R&D direction of the subsequent core technology are also presented.
Data Mining ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Industry ; organization & administration ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacology ; standards ; Humans ; Quality Control

Objective To investigate neuroprotective function of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist, rosiglitazone against reperfusion injury after focal cerebral ischemia in mice model.Methods To establish cerebral isebemia-reperfusion injury mice model, adult male mice underwent 2 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 22 hours reperfusion (MCAO/R). One hour before MCAO/R, mice were treated with either vehicle (MCAO/R group) or rosiglitazone (6 mg/kg, rosiglitazone group). 2,3,5-triphenyhetrazolium chloride (TIC) staining was applied to determine the volume of cerebralinfarction.TheneurologicaldeficitwasscoredatZeaLonga 5-pointscale. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was measured in brain tissue as an index of neutrophil accumulation. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to examine the mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (ICAM-1, IL-1β and COX-2).Results (1) The volume of cerebral infarction in rosiglitazone group was significantly decreased from that of MCAO/R group ( 29. 1 ± 6. 6 vs 57.8 ± 9. 7 ,t = 5. 980, P < 0. 01 ), and rosiglitazone markedly improved neurological function in treated mice than MCAO/R mice(1.2 +0.4 vs 3.3 ±0.8, t =5.812, P<0.01). (2) Compared with MCAO/R group, MPO activity in the rosiglitazone-treated group was significantly lower ((0. 049 + 0. 005 ) U/g vs (0. 083 ±0. 008) U/g,t =5. 904, P <0. 01 ). (3) The mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (ICAM-1, IL-1β and COX-2) in rosiglitazone group were also significantly decreased from those in MCAO/R group, as demonstrated by RT-PCR (0.313 ±0.024, 0.205 ±0.007, 0.359 ±0.060, t = 7.464, 19.656, 29.319, P <0.01, respectively) and Western blot (0.274±0.014, 0.205±0.025, 0. 146±0.015, t=79.909, 21.392, 95. 105, P<0.01, respectively). ConclusionThe present study suggests that PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, has neureprotective properties to cerebral ischemia-reperfusian injury and that the protection is partially mediated via anti-inflarmmatory actions.

objective To examine nuclear transIocation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ(PPARγ)in rats following focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R),and to explore the significance of altered PPARγ,nuclear translocation in ischemic brain injury.Methods Healthy adult male SD rats underwent 60-min cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion of 4,8,or 24 h,respectively.The cytoplasmic-to-nuclear shuttling of PPARγ was characterized by Western blot,immunohistochemical and immunofluoreseence staining.The effects of PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone (Ros) and antagonist GW9662 on I/R-induced PPARγ nuclear translocation were also examined in the present study. Furthermore,TTC staining war adopted to determine the change in cerebral infarction volume. Results (1)Western blot analysis revealed an increase of PPARγ in the nucleus and a simultaneous reduction in the cytosol following ischemia and reperfusion for 4 h(tcytosol=9.03,tmuclear=27.19,P=0.00).Prolonged the reperfusion further enhanced this I/R induced PPARγ translocation in a time-dependent manner.Using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence,nuclear PPAR γ positive staining increased from 48.3%in the sham control to 80.3% following ischemia and reperfusion for 24 h.(2)Western blot analysis revealed that PPARγ agonist Ros further increased I/R-induced nuclear enrichment of PPARγ,whereas PPARγ antagonist GW9662inhibited I/R-stimulated change in PPARγ.(3)When compared to the L/R group using TTC staining,Ros treatment significantly decreased the infarction volume by 48.40%(15.46±4.94 versus 29.96±3.39,t=5.93.P=0.00),whereas GW9662 increased by 58.95%(47.62±4.93 versus 29.96±3.39,t=7.23,P=0.00).Conclusions Cerebral I/R injury induces PPARγ translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus.This change may represent an intrinsic neuroprotective response against brain I/R injury.

Objective　To observe the effects of Ang-Ⅱ on expressions of c-fos mRNA and pro-α1［Ⅰ］mRNA in fibroblasts (FBC) of rat embryo in the course of collagen synthesis.Methods　The change of free Ca2+(［Ca2+］i) was tested in fluorometry and the expressions of c-fos mRNA and pro-α1［Ⅰ］mRNA were tested by RT-PCR method in incubated FBC.Results　The level of［Ca2+］i in FBC and the expressions of c-fos mRNA and pro-α1［Ⅰ］mRNA were enhanced with the increase of Ang-Ⅱ concentration(10-8～10-5and 10-7～10-6mol/L).Conclusions　The expressions of c-fos mRNA and pro-α1［Ⅰ］mRNA were induced by Ang-Ⅱ activating signal system in FBC.

Persisters are a sub-population of bacteria that can survive lethal concentrations of antibiotics.They contribute to recurrent or intractable chronic infections.Persisters can emerge as a result of multiple mechanisms which lead to drug tolerance.Unlike antimicrobial resistance which usually acquires genetic mutation, phenotypes of persisters are non-inheritable.Despite the distinct difference between persistence and resistance, recent studies have demonstrated that not only persistence can be observed in resistant mutants, but also persisters themselves can be regarded as an intermediate state which promotes the emergence of resistance.This review focuses on mechanisms of drug tolerance in persisters, phenomena of persistence in antimicrobial resistant bacteria and possible mechanisms of the conversion of persisters to resistant bacteria.Moreover, future research directions are also prospected is this review.

BACKGROUND:Topping-off technique can be used for fixation treatment through the combination of fusion and interspinous dynamic device, in order to prevent or slow down the adjacent lumbar segment degeneration.
OBJECTIVE:To obverse the protective effect of Topping-off technique (posterior lumbar interbody fusion
procedure combined with the fixation of dynamic interspinous device Coflex) for the degenerative intervertebral disc. METHODS:A total of 32 patients with degenerative lumbar diseases who had been treated with Topping-off technique were included in this study. The Oswestry disability index, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores, range of motion for Coflex implanted segment and during the relative signal intensity of the Coflex implanted segment in MRI image were recorded and calculated preoperatively and the entire fol ow-up period.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients were fol owed-up for 20.6 months averagely. Up to the last fol ow-up, the Oswestry disability index and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores were significantly improved when compared with those before treatment (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the range of motion for Coflex implanted segment before and after treatment (P=0.19). The relative signal intensity of the Coflex implanted segment was significantly improved when compared with that before treatment (P<0.01). The clinical application of the Topping-off technique showed a protective effect on the intervertebral disc.

Objective To evaluate the effect of calcitriol combined with losartan on diabetic nephropathy in grade Ⅲ and early Ⅳ.Methods 47 patients with diabetic nephropathy were enrolled.Patients were randomly assigned to receive losartan or both losartan and calcitriol according to randomized table for 6 months.At baseline time and after 6 months,the 24-hour urinary protein excretion,estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),serum creatinine(SCr),blood pressure,fasting blood-glucose,serum calcium,serum phosphorus,pulse wave velocity(PWV) and ankle brachial index(ABI) were measured.Results The urinary protein excretion showed that there was significant decrease in the mix-treated group[(824.81 ± 307.84) g/24h vs (390.75 ± 173.51) g/24h,t =10.51,P ＜ 0.01] and the control group [(860.64 ± 313.89) g/24h vs (676.16 ± 297.71)g/24h,t =6.91,P ＜ 0.01].Furthermore,the mix-treated group had the lower proteinuria compared the group given losartan only(t =2.56,P =0.015).No significant differences were observed decrease in estimated eGFR and change in serum calcium,serum phosphorus,PWV and ABI between the two groups.Conclusion Addition of calcitriol to a renin-angiotensin system inhibitor resulted in a safe decrease in proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy.