Objective To explore the characteristics of etiology,clinical,electroencephalogram(EEG) and prognosis of infantile spasms(IS) with focal seizures(FS).Methods The significance of age onset,seizure patterns and atteration,etiology,video-EEG(VEEG) and evolution of FS correlating to epileptic spasms(ES),which occurred in 12 cases with IS by means of clinical observation,cranial CT or MRI,VEEG monitory and follow up were investigated.Twelve cases were divided into group A,B,C according to the stages of FS occurring prece-ding,coinciding and following ES.Results Ten cases with IS were identified from focal cortical dysplasia,tuberous scleroses complex,temporal lobe cyst or scleroses and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and others.Clinical manifestation presented FS at certain times during the course of the disease,and other characteristics of frequent attacks,asymmetric spasms or tonic spasms,some atypical seizures in the eyes and the head,motionless staring and focal motor seizures and other.The correlation of ES to FS occurred during one ictal episode as follows:FS→ES(6 cases),ES→FS→ES(1 case),ES→FS(3 cases).FS appeared more frequently,atypical,predominantly involving ocular,facial,oral movement or generalized convulsion,migrating or alternating seizures,associated with epileptic discharges of posterior parietal-occipital and parietal-temporal-occipital origins in group A and early period of group B;whereas in the late period of group B and group C,FS occurred less frequently and more stable,presenting complex partial seizures or secondarily generalized seizures originated mainly from frontal and surrounding areas in the lateralized or bilateral hemispheres.Regarding the natural evolution and development of IS,2 cases with early FS developed into IS;6 cases with IS evolved into Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or symtomatic generalized epilepsy,4 cases got into FS,1 case maintained in a peculiarly epileptic state with FS as well as ES until the operation at 4.5 years old,and the other case was not identified clearly.Conclusions IS coincided with FS is a special kind of aged-related FS associated with secondarily generalized seizures and epileptic encephalopathy.The multiple etiology,seizure patterns,ictal-interictal EEG,clinical evolution and prognosis of the disorder,indicate a complicated interaction of the immature cortico-subcortical abnormalities in the critical developmental period and thereafter,can be identified as a peculiar form of clinical epileptic syndrome.

Objective　To observe the effects of Ang-Ⅱ on expressions of c-fos mRNA and pro-α1［Ⅰ］mRNA in fibroblasts (FBC) of rat embryo in the course of collagen synthesis.Methods　The change of free Ca2+(［Ca2+］i) was tested in fluorometry and the expressions of c-fos mRNA and pro-α1［Ⅰ］mRNA were tested by RT-PCR method in incubated FBC.Results　The level of［Ca2+］i in FBC and the expressions of c-fos mRNA and pro-α1［Ⅰ］mRNA were enhanced with the increase of Ang-Ⅱ concentration(10-8～10-5and 10-7～10-6mol/L).Conclusions　The expressions of c-fos mRNA and pro-α1［Ⅰ］mRNA were induced by Ang-Ⅱ activating signal system in FBC.

Objective To investigate the effect and side effects of flurbiprofen axetil combined with fentanyl in postoperative patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after craniotomy.Methods 60 patients undergoing scheduled craniotomy were randomly divided into the treatment group and control group with 30 cases in each group, and received flurbiprofen axetil combined with fentanyl and only fentanyl respectively in PCA after craniotomy. The visual analogue scale (VAS), sedation score (SS) and the side effects were evaluated in 24 h after craniotomy.Results There was no significant difference in VAS between the two groups ( P>0.05). The SS, side effects such as nausea and vomiting in the treatment group were significantly less than that in the control group ( P<0.05).Conclusion Flurbiprofen axetil combined with fentanyl in PCA can reduce the side effects of fentanyl and offers overall favorable analgesic responses.

Objective:To determine whether chewing gum during the postoperative period facilitates the recovery of bowel function in patients after radical cystectomy with ileum urinary diversion.Methods:In the study,60 patients who underwent radical cystectomy followed by ileum urinary diversions during Nov.2014 and Nov.2015 in Department of Urology of Peking University First Hospital were randomized into three groups:gum chewing group,placebo group treated with the abdomen physical therapy machine and control group treated with ordinary method.Time to flatus,time to bowel movement,incidence of postoperative distension of the abdomen and abdominal pain,and gut related complications (such as ileus,intestinal fistula,and volrulus)of all the patients were recorded and analysed.Results:In gum chewing group,the median time to flatus was 57 hours (49 -72 hours),and the median time to bowel movement was 95 hours (88 -109 hours),which were significantly shortened compared with the other two groups of patients (82 hours,109 hours in placebo group and 81 hours,108 hours in control group, respectively).No significant difference of the median time to flatus and to bowel movement was observed between placebo group and control group.There were no significant differences in the incidence of post-operative distension of the abdomen and abdominal pain,and gut related complications among the three groups.Conclusion:Chewing gum had stimulatory effect on bowel function recovery after cystectomy fol-lowed by ileum urinary diversion.Chewing gum was safe and simple,and could be routinely used for postoperative treatment after cystectomy and ileum urinary diversion.

Objective To explore the possible effects of nutritional supplements on brain function as reflected by Water Maze test performance in mice after +Gz exposure.Method Mice were arranged into control group (group A),+Gz group without nutritional supplementation (group B) and +Gz plus nutritional supplementation group (group C).Each group contains 12 mice.Mice in group A were not exposed to +Gz while mice in both group B and group C were exposed to 8 min +10 Gz.Distilled water was gavaged to group B mice 3 h before +Gz exposure.On the day before +Gz exposure pyridoxol fortified water was given and 3 h before exposure mixed amino acids solution were gavaged to group C mice.Water Maze test was done and scores were recorded in all groups.After the Water Maze test was completed,blood was collected through the eyes for serum amino acid determinations and brain tissue was collected by decollation for monoamine determination and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity evaluation. Result After +Gz exposure,longer completion time and more mistakes were observed in Water Maze test in group B as compared with group A and a trend of improvement in group C was noticed. The ratio of brain 5-HT to dopamine(DA) was significantly reduced in group C as compared with group B.Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity in brain tissue in group C and group B increased significantly. Conclusion High sustained +Gz exposure significantly reduces Water Maze test performance in mice (longer completion time and more mistakes).It seems that there is a trend of improvement in Water Maze performance in mice in dietary nutritional supplementation group,which might be due to significant reduction in ratio of brain 5-HT to DA in mice with nutritional supplementation.

OBJECTIVETo summary the characteristics of cervicothoracic junction (C7T1) fracture-dislocation,and explore the surgical treatment of combined anterior-posterior procedure.

METHODSFrom January 2005 to March 2010,8 cases of cervicothoracic junction (C7T1) fracture-dislocation were treated by stage I operation through anterior and posterior approacheg, supplemented by non-structural bone graft. All patients were male with a mean age of 45.0 years old ranging from 32 to 68 years. Six cases were diagnosed clearly by CT scan but with normal cervical spine X-ray film at admission. According to AO classification, 4 cases were of type B, 4 cases of type C, with unilateral locked articular process in 2 cases, bilateral in 2 cases. Preoperative MRI showed intervertebral disc injury in 6 cases.

RESULTSThe average operation time was 246.3 min ranging from 150 to 320 min. The blood loss was with an average of 307.5 ml (150 to 600 ml). One patient got hoarseness but recovered without special treatment 6 months later; No other complications happened. One patient of preoperative Frankel grade A died, the remaining patients were followed up from 12 to 63 months (38.6 months in average). These fracture-dislocations were completely reduction after operation, healed with bony union 12 months later, and no pseudoarthrosis. The function of the spinal cord improved obviously at the final follow-up, 1 patient of preoperative grade A had died,and the spinal cord function of the other one had no significant changes,the 2 cases of grade B recovered to C and D respectively, 1case recovered from grade C to D, and 3 case recovered from D to E.

CONCLUSIONCervicothoracic junction (C7T1) fracture-dislocation is a rare clinical spine trauma, and missed easily. The CT is a necessary complement to these patients highly suspected C7T1 fracture-dislocation but with negative cervical spine X-ray film. The patients diagnosed clearly could receive stage I operation of anterior and posterior approaches, supplemented with non-structural bone graft.

Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Animals ; Aquaporin 4 ; metabolism ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; physiopathology ; Brain Edema ; physiopathology ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Capillary Permeability ; physiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; physiopathology

Objective To study the imaging characteristics of the ligaments in craniocervical junction (CCJ), and to optimize the examination methods and scanning sequences of the ligaments in this region. Methods Two groups of 51 healthy volunteers in each were selected to undergo CT and MRI examination respectively. The CT and MRI features of the ligaments in CCJ were assessed. Two senior imaging doctors compared the results of showing the ligaments in CCJ by several MRI sequences, including T1 WI ,T2 WI, proton density weighted imaging (PDWI), T2 * WI and short time inversion recovery (STIR) ,and proton density fat saturate (PDFSAT). Standard normal rank transformation was done according to the primary data,and then analysis of variance of repeated measurement was applied. Results CT and MRI could both demonstrate the ligaments (except the anterior atlantooccipital membrane only seen on MRI) and their adjoins in CCJ, while MRI had more advantages than CT. The display ratio of the anterior atlantooccipital membrane was 100% (51/51) by MRI. The display ratio of the apical ligament was 29.4%(15/51) by CT and 43.1% (22/51) by MRI. The posterior atlantooccipital membrane-dura complex,tectorial ligament-dura complex, transverse ligament, and alar ligament could be demonstrated clearly by CT and MRI, the display ratio was 100% respectively (51/51). The results of PDWi scored by two doctors were both 5.0, there were no significant differences between them (F = 0.000, P > 0.05), which were significantly higher than T, WI (M = 3.0), T2Wi (M = 3.0), T2 * WI (M = 1.0), STIR (M = 1.0), and PDFSAT(M = 3.0)(P < 0.01). Conclusion MRI was superior to CT in demonstrating the ligaments in CCJ. PDWI was the optimal MRI sequence. Imaging research of normal ligamentous structures in CCJ could provide valuable diagnostic and therapeutic information for evaluating the ligamentous diseases.

Objective:To search for a method for radical resection of pancreatic and duodenal malignancy involving the mesentery root and for the long post-operation survival of patients.Methods:From Jan.2004 to Aug.2006,a total of 26(16 male and 10 female. aged 27-70)patients with pancreatic and duodenal malignancy involving the mesentery root were treated in our department.The patients included 3 with duodenal malignancy and 23 with pancreatic malignancy.Curative resection was performed by the extended pancreaticoduodenetomy(Whipple procedure)combined with mesentery root resection(MRR)for all patients.The outcomes,safety and the post-operation survival rate were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Thirteen patients were treated with Whipple procedures combined with MRR,9 were treated with partial portal vein/superior mesenteric vein(PV/SMV)and reconstruction of the vessel,and 4 patients received pre-shunt between PV and SMV with artificial vessel graft before the extended Whipple and MRR procedures.The operation time was 2.5 to 7(4.4?1.1)hour,and blood loss was 300 to 5 000(1892?1414)ml with the blood transfusion of 0 to 5 600(2 100?1 586)ml.There was no death in our group and 7(27%)had post-operation complication.The post-operation hospital stay was 10 to 30 days.The pathologic examination showed negative surgical margins for all specimens.The tumor size was 4 to 10 (6.17?2.03)cm.After a follow-up of 9 to 38 months,the pain was relieved in all patients.One of the 3 patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma had liver metastasis at 10 months after operation,and the other 2 survived 10 months and 27 months without evidence of tumor reccurence.The patient with pancreatic micro-adenocarcinoma died of local reccurence 9 months after operation.The patient with neuroendocrine carcinoma died of organ failure 24 months after operation.The patient with lymphoma have survived for 24 months after operation.The 1-year and 2-year accumulated survival rates in the 20 cases with pancreatic ductal cancer were 86.6% and 45.6%. respectively.Conclusion:The extended Whipple procedure with MRR is safe and effective.It can obtain R0 resection in patients with malignant tumors(over 5 cm in diameter)in the head,neck and uncinate process of the pancreas and duodenal.

Objective To analyze the musculoskeletal injuries related to touch screen VDT operation and design implications.Methods The effects of touch screen size and angles on touch-screen-VDT-operation-related muscle load and fatigue were explored using thorough experiment and EMG acquisition method,and the independent variables included the size and angle and the dependant variables consisted of the load and fatigue of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS),extensor digitorum communis (EDC),extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU).Results No significant difference was found with regard to pointing success rate and accuracy at all screen sizes and angles levels.FDS and EDC MVC％ increased with increasing touch screen size at all levels of angles.FDS MVC％ decreased while EDC MVC％ increased with inclining angles at all levels of touch screen sizes.All measured muscles' MF did not decrease with time.Conclusion This study helps to provide basis for the optimization of equipment design,reduce exposure to musculoskeletal injuries risks and implement primary prevention.