Objective To explore the related high risk factors of hyponatremia after transsphenoidal approach for pituitary adenomectomy and to direct postoperative nursing. Methods The clinical data of seventy-seven patients suffering from pituitary adenomas with the way of treatment by transsphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy from June 2014 to May 2015 were summarized retrospectively. According to the value of postoperative serum natremia, the data were divided into hyponatremia group and non-hyponatremia group. The different data between the 2 groups were compared and the high risk factors related to hyponatremia were analyzed. Results Univariate analysis showed that gender(P=0.254) and high blood pressure(P=0.742) were unrelated to postoperative hyponatremia and there was significant difference between two groups in age (P=0.038), max- diameter of tumors(P=0.004), preoperative pituitary dysfunction (P=0.013), visual deficit (P=0.000), operative procedure duration (P=0.008) and diabetes mellitus rate (P=0.023). While Logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative visual deficit (OR=0.152,P=0.004,95%CI 0.043-0.542) and preoperative pituitary dysfunction (OR=0.069, P=0.046,95%CI 0.005-0.950) were independent factors for postoperative hyponatremia. Conclusions Hyponatremia is a common complication after transsphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy. The optimal treatment can benefit the early recovery and more careful nursing should be focused on these patients who are in high risk of postoperative hyponatremia.

BACKGROUND:The repair effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation on brain injury were not ideal. Combined therapy with medicine and biological engineering materials is needed. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation and fingolimod immunosuppressants on memory function recovery in rats with brain injury. METHODS:A total of 60 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to hydraulic shock with peak value of 253.312 5-303.975 kPa with a hydraulic head injury instrument so as to induce a model of severe hydraulic head injury. They were randomly divided into brain injury group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation group and fingolimod+bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation group. The Morris water maze test was tested at 21-28 days after PKH-26-labeled bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation. The PKH-26 immunofluorescence and hematoxylin-eosin staining were conducted in brain tissues at 4 weeks after brain injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 4 weeks after transplantation, the average escape latency was gradual y decreased in each group. The average escape latency was shorter in the fingolimod+bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation group than in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation group (P<0.05), and significantly shorter than in the brain injury group (P<0.01). The number of times of crossing the platform and the percentage of swimming distance to total distance were higher in the fingolimod+bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation group than in the brain injury group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation group (P<0.05). The number of PKH-26-positive cells was significantly higher in the fingolimod+bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation group than in the brain injury group and bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation group (P<0.05). Results confirmed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation could apparently improve memory function of rats with severe brain injury. The combined application of fingolimod immunosuppressants has synergistic effects.

Extracellular vesicles (EV) miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that are encapsulated in membrane-containing vesicles from a variety of cells, and which can mediate intercellular communication and transfer of functional molecules. EV miRNAs in circulation can be served as novel molecular markers for cancer diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis, and also the most promising liquid biomarkers for clinical translation and utility currently, while optimal research strategy is crucial for identifying valuable EV miRNAs in clinical study. Moreover, EV miRNAs have recently also been implicated in cancer progression as direct regulators of metabolic reprogramming, mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, angiogenesis, anti-cancer immune response and drug resistance in the tumor microenvironment. Study on some key EV miRNAs involving in those processes may highlight their potential utility as liquid biopsies in early diagnosis, companion diagnosis, metastasis, therapeutic control, prognosis analysis as their therapeutic potential for patients with cancer.

Objective To observe the injuries of sodium citrate plasma(scP) on the growth and function of HepG2 cells.Methods The HepG2 cells were cultured.The viability,cell cycle and apoptosis,the leakage of LDH,total protein,glutathione and the changes on morphology of hepatocytes exposured to scP were investigated.Results The viability of HepG2 cells was inhibited when the cells were cultured in scP for 24h(F=37.108,P=0.001).After 48h,nearly all cells died except cells in 10% scP group.After the cells were exposed to scP for 24h,the percentage of S phase of the cell cycle and the rate of apoptosis were significantly increased compared to those of the control.The leakages of LDH were increased in the HepG2 following exposure to scP for 5h(P

Objective To study the practicability and preliminary effect of intraluminal brachytherapy in treatment of malignant obstructive jaundice.Methods Intraluminal brachytherapy was performed in 4 patients who had been treated with biliary stent implantation. Results No complications related to intraluminal brachytherapy had happened.One patient was followed up by means of CT,showing reduction in tumor size. Conclusion Intraluminal brachytherapy is a safe and effective method in treating malignant tumor causing obstructive jaundice.

Objective:This study aimed to analyze the prognostic factor of bilateral hydronephrosis caused by advanced cervical cancer and evaluate its value of treatment. Methods:A total of 40 patients with bilateral ureteral obstruction secondary to cervical cancer were diagnosed through computerized tomography, radioactive nephrogram, and blood tests for renal function. The placement of retrograde internal double-J ureteral stents was performed under a cystoscope in 13 patients. The placement of antegrade internal double-J ureteral stents via percutaneous nephrostomy was performed in 25 patients. Two cases had external ureteral stents via percutaneous nephrostomy. Twenty-nine patients underwent radiotherapy after normalization of their blood urine nitrogen and creatinine levels. The prognostic value of the treatment and renal function before placement of ureteral stents and radiotherapy after placement of ureteral stents were analyzed. Results:The normalization rate of renal function after ureteral stenting was 91.3%(21/23). The median survival time was longer in patients with untreated cervical cancer than that in patients with recurrent cervical cancer (χ2=9.379, P=0.009). After ureteral stenting, the median survival time was longer in patients who underwent radiation therapy than that in patients untreated with radiation (χ2=17.329, P=0.000). The median survival time was not significantly influenced by renal function before placement of ureteral stents (χ2=1.37, P=0.242). Conclusion:The patient with bilateral ureteral obstruction from untreated cervical cancer or from recurrent pelvic disease after surgical therapy should be considered for ureteral stenting followed by appropriate radiation.

Objective To explore the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in rats with a single dose by orally administra‐tion of moxifloxacin .Methods Totally 60 rats were equally divided into 10 groups with orally administration moxifloxacin for 50 mg/kg .The lungs ,uterus ,ovaries (tube) ,kidney ,ureter and bladder tissues were collected at different time points (before give med‐icine and after 0 .25 ,0 .50 ,1 .00 ,2 .00 ,3 .00 ,4 .00 ,6 .00 ,8 .00 ,12 .00 ,24 .00 h) .The concentrations of moxifloxacin in tissues were determined by the established HPLC method and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by 3p97 .Results The established HPLC methods had good specificities ,and the linear range was between 0 .001 6-50 .000 0μg/mL for tissue sample .T1/2βof moxi‐floxacin were (13 .65 ± 3 .56) ,(12 .64 ± 2 .86) ,(13 .27 ± 3 .51) ,(13 .47 ± 3 .29) ,(14 .78 ± 2 .64) ,(11 .56 ± 1 .58)h in lung ,uterus , ureterine adnexa ,kidney ,ureter and bladder ;Cmax of moxifloxac in various tissues were (15 .61 ± 3 .58) ,(12 .48 ± 4 .57) ,(16 .18 ± 4 .21) ,(12 .65 ± 3 .17) ,(26 .68 ± 7 .42) ,(1 .13 ± 0 .58)μg/mL ;Tmax of moxifloxac in above tissues were (3 .15 ± 1 .24) ,(2 .66 ± 1 .74) ,(2 .97 ± 1 .65) ,(2 .58 ± 1 .36) ,(3 .47 ± 1 .84) ,(2 .46 ± 1 .87)h;AUC0 -t of moxifloxac in above tissues were (87 .2 ± 5 .41) , (70 .89 ± 4 .56) ,(92 .41 ± 7 .65) ,(88 .26 ± 6 .94) ,(170 .59 ± 21 .48) ,(14 .57 ± 5 .47)μg · h-1 · mL -1 .Conclusion Moxifloxacin had a higher concentration in ureterine adnexa and ureter by orally administration with single dose ,and it can maintain for a long time .

To management of syncope in children and adolescents,the primary objectives are etiological diag-nosis and risk stratification.The possible causes for syncope ranging from relatively benign conditions to potentially life -threatening events.The efficient methods of diagnosis and risk stratification are vital important to identify those syncope patients who are at short -term or long -term risk of life -threatening events,avoiding unnecessary hospitali-zation of low -risk patients.In recent years,there came up with a multitude of quantitative methods in diagnosis and risk stratification,according to clinical history and physical exam and 1 2 -lead electrocardiograph.These methods can assit front -line physicians do an optimal decision -making,especially providing valuable guidance to make a well -in-formed choice between hospitalization and outpatient referral.Nevertheless,these existing methods can not replace criti-cal assessment by an experienced physician.

Chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS) is a common infectious disease and a subpopulation of patients fail to respond to either medical or surgical intervention.Bacterial biofilms(BBF) are 3-dimensional aggregates of bacteria, which have special properties due to their group structure,including increased resistance to antibiotics in some forms.Evidence suggests that BBF may play an important role in CRS.The goal of this article is to provide an overview of BBF with the special focus on CRS.A further understanding of the role of BBF may lead to the development of more appropriate therapies for CRS.

Objective To summarize the experience on bronchiallavage to cure pulmonary atelectasis and pulmonary infection after thoracotomy.Methods 48 patients were selected and treated by bronchiallavage under monitoring,and antibiotics was used according to sputum culture and drug sensitive test.The out come was analyzed and evaluated.Results All patients of the pulmonary atelectasis were cured and those with pulmonary infection were controled.There was no serious complication.Conclusion Bronchiallavage is applied to treat pulmonary atelectasis and pulmonary infection after thoracotomy,the curative rate is significant.The appliance of antibiotics is guided by drug sensitivity.It is such a safe and feasible therapeutic tool that the bronchofibroscope is applied to cure pulmonary atelectasis and pulmonary infection after thoracotomy.