Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Lymphoma ; pathology ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Urinary Bladder ; pathology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To compare the immunoregulatory role of polysaccharides from Rhizoma Dioscoreae and Rhizoma Dioscoreae Preparata in mice with immunosuppression. Methods Carbon clearance test and hemolysin test were used to evaluate the non-specific and specific immunoregulatory roles of polysaccharides from Rhizoma Dioscoreae and Rhizoma Dioscoreae Preparata by different extraction methods..Result The polysaccharides extracted with cold water from Rhizoma Dioscoreae Preparata had a stronger effect than Rhizoma Dioscoreae on increasing the index of K and enhancing phagocytic function of mononuclear-macrophage and hemolysin level. Conclusion The polysaccharides extracted with cold water from Rhizoma Dioscoreae Preparata have a stronger effect in improving the cellular and humoral immune function than Rhizoma Dioscoreae, which accords with the clinical application and will lay a foundation for further explaining the processing mechanism of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Preparata.

Brain injury is one of the most serious diseases in neonatal period,which can cause cerebral palsy,motor development delay,cognitive dysfunction and learning difficulties and other sequelae,and severely affects the health development and quality of life of the newborn.Neonatal brain injury (NBI) is a wide range of diseases caused by a variety of causes,its clinical manifestations lack specificity,clinically,it is difficult to judge the severity,duration and the time of prenatal injury,and it has been paid much attention to by scientific researchers and clinicians.At present,imaging method is a major means of NBI diagnosis,but imaging examination is usually a lag and limitations.Levels of humoral biomarkers change early after brain injury,and early brain injury can be predicted by detecting their changes.In recent years,a variety of sensitive brain damage biomarkers have been detected in various body fluids of newborns,mainly including neuron-specific enolase (NSE),ubiquitin carboxyl hydrolase L1 (UCH L1),S100B protein,tau protein,myelin basic protein (MBP),glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and activin A and so on.the application and research progress of these commonly used biomarkers in NBI are reviewed in this paper.

Objective To discuss the value of percutaneous compression plate (PCCP) in treating intertrochanteric fractures. Methods A retrospective study was done on 57 patients with intertrochanteric fractures treated by PCCP from January 2008 to January 2009 to evaluate the operative effect.Results All the fractures were healed in 11-15 weeks after the operation, with no incision infection, hematoma, internal fixation failure or fracture collapse. Two surgical incisions were for 2 cm, with no blood transfusion found in any patient. According to Harris score, the postoperative excellent rate reached 92.6%. Conclusion PCCP can attain similar effect wiht DHS and now is the choice of treatment in treating intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly patients.

Objective To study the effects of different type of parathyroid damage to the postoperative functional recovery of parathyroid,through establish an animal model by simulating total thyroidectomy and parathyroid damage during surgical operation.Methods Experimental rabbits for the study were randomly divided into A,B,C,D four groups (n =8),Group A (control group):simple exposure,exploration thyroid and parathyroid;group B (vascular injury group):total thyroidectomy and ligation bilateral parathyroid blood supply but keep the surrounding membrane;Group C (membrane damage group):total thyroidectomy and damage membrane but reservations blood supply.Group D (composite damage group):total thyroidectomy plus membrane and blood both damage;All animals were monitored of serum calcium and PTH,preoperative 1 days and postoperative 1 st day,3rd day,5th day,7t day;cut the parathyroid HE staining to observed survival of parathyroid tissue and pathology damage when 7th day after operation.Results (1) Animals in each group preoperative serum calcium and PTH were no significant difference (P ＞0.05);(2)Group A postoperative serum calcium decreased,but at 5th day returned to preoperative level (P ＞ 0.05);Group B and C postoperative 1st day,3rd day,5th day serum calcium decreased significantly(P ＜ 0.05)and to the lowest at 1 d and then gradually recovered,but group C faster recovered than group B (P ＜ 0.05);Group D postoperative 1 st day,3rd day serum calcium continued to decline significantly (P ＜ 0.05);(3) Group A postoperative serum PTH decreased,but at 7th days returned to preoperative level (P ＞ 0.05).Group B and C postoperative 1st day,3rd day,5th days serum PTH decreased significantly(P ＜0.05)and to the lowest at 1 d and then gradually recovered,but from postoperative 3rd day group C faster recovered than group B(P ＜ 0.05);Group D postoperative 1 st day,3rd day serum PTH continued to decline significantly (P ＜ O.05);(4) Pathology results:Group A parathyroid filled with chief cells and a small amount of vacuolar changes (5％ to 10％);Group B parathyroid hemorrhage,necrosis (40％ to 50％),part of the cell degeneration (30％ to 40％),center with fibrosis,seen granuloma and hyperplasia of parathyroid tissue in surrounding;Group C parathyroid bleeding (10％ to 20％),part of the cell degeneration (10％ to 20％);Group D parathyroid severe necrosis,almost no normal parathyroid tissue,significant fibrosis,less residual parathyroid tissue was scattered.Conclusions (l) The recover of Parathyroid function is influenced by the type of parathyroid in situ injury during thyroidectomy,composite damage of blood supply and membrane of parathyroid is the most serious,parathyroid ischemia necrosis,the function can not be restored,pure blood supply damaged,some can restore function,and the parathyroid gland with vascular pedicle can be recovered quickly.(2) Severe blood supply and membrane damaged,and even free parathyroid should be transplanted immediately during operation.

[Objective]This study was designed to explore the dynamic changes of cytokines in the local tissues of radiationinduced oral mucositis in a rat model.[methods]The rat oral mucosal tissues were obtained at 5 d,8 d,and 14 d after irradiation.which were received single X-ray irradiation of 30 Gy locally.RayBio~((R)) Rat Cytokine Array was applied to analyze the 19 cytokines.The mRNA levels of the 8 inflammatory-related cytokines were analyzed by real time-PCR.ELISA was employed to detect IL-1α,IFN-γ,and TIMP-1 protein levels.[Results]Cytokine array detection showed that cytokines such as Frac,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,and TNF-α were down-regulated after irradiation.IL-1β,LIX,VEGF,and β-NGF were no obviously changed at the same time corse.The elevate range less than 2 fold of the CINC-2,GM-CGF,Leptin,MCP-1,and MIP-3α after irradiation were detected.The increasing range more than 2 fold of CINC-3,INF-γ,IL-1α,and TIMP-1 post irradiation were detected.The mRNA levels of anti-apoptosis,such as Bcl-2,and TNF-α,IL-6,VEGF,and IL-1β were low down,while the levels of promoting apoptosis cytokine such as Bax,and neutrophil recruitment associated cytokines,CINC,and TLR-9 were up-regulated after irradiation.The ELISA results of IL-1α,IFN-γ,and TIMP-1 were identical with the results of the two previom analyses.[Conclusion]The results of the three methods in the study should present evidences to prove each other.Some cytokines in the local lesion of oral mucositis during the initiate,development,and progression stages were blocked,while others were positively up-regulated to involving the control of the pathogensis of oral mucositis.

Objective To examine the effects of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor on the behavioral response to zebrafish larvae after hypoxia/reoxygenation brain injury and to identify whether the protective effect is mediated by inhibiting apoptosis and protein,and mRNA related to apoptosis.Methods The 5-day post-fertilization zebrafish larvae were randomly assigned to 3 groups:control group,model group and intervention group.Fishes in the intervention group were separated into 3 subgroups according to p38 MAPK inhibitor concentration (5,10,20 μmol/L).The activity levels of the larvae were analyzed by using quantization mode of ZebraLab software,swimming distance and moving speed were recorded.Terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays of brain assays were performed.The protein levels of phosphorylation of p38 MAPK,apoptosis related proteins of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2),Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax) and Caspase-3 were determined by Western blot.The mRNA expressions of Bcl-2,Bax,and caspase-3 were also analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).Results The activity movement analysis of the intervention group 2 and 3 demonstrated a significantly increase in the swimming distance compared with the model group(P ＜ 0.05).After irradiation under strong light,all groups showed dramatically increasing in the moving speed.After removal of strong light,a significant decrease in moving speed was found in the control group and intervention group 2 and intervention group 3.The TUNEL assay showed that apoptosis index decreased in the intervention group (21.7 ±2.0,12.8 ± 1.9,17.7 ±2.6) compared with model group (46.8 ±5.3) (all P ＜0.01).Western blot assays demonstrated a significant increase protein level of phosphorylation of p38 MAPK after hypoxia and reoxygenation,and the inhibitor reduced the p-p38 MAPK expression.Compared with the model group,p38 MAPK inhibitor increased the protein and mRNA expression level of Bcl-2,whereas reduced the Bax and caspase-3 expression in the brain.Conclusions Under the influences of p38 MAPK inhibitor,zebrafish larvae improved the behavioral changes after hypoxia-induced brain injury.The inhibitor (10 μmol/L) optimally reduces hypoxia-induced apoptosis in brain by up-regulating Bcl-2,down-regulating Bax/caspase-3 protein and their mRNA level.

Many factors,especially perinatal asphyxia,can lead to varying degrees of hypoxia brain injury in fetus or newborns within perinatal period.So far,the mechanisms of neonatal cerebral damage caused by hypoxia during the perinatal period have not been clearly demonstrated,and there have no effective drugs or therapeutic methods to improve hypoxia-induced cerebral damage.This review focuses on the recent progress of zebrafish as a model organism of using in research of hypoxia brain injury,including the anatomic and behavior basis,model making,research strategies and the advantages of neurotrophic drug screening.The application of zebrish in the research of neonatal hypoxic brain injury is promising,and may provide a new tool as research in finding out the therapy strategies of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

Objective To demonstrate the frequency changes in immune cells on secreting interleukin-10 (IL-10),interferon-? (IFN-?),tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) under the stimulation of a mimic 7-amino acid peptide of HCV HVR1 (7P),and to explore the mechanism of such changes. Methods The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy people and co-cultured with 7P. Intracellular cytokine staining was performed using antibodies against IL-10,IFN-?,TNF-? and IL-4. The related cells were harvested on a FACSCalibur flow cytometer,and then analyzed with FACSCalibur software. Results Compared to the controls,the frequency of immune cells secreting IFN-? was significantly increased in both CD4+CD8-,CD4-CD8+ T cells and NK,NKT cells (P

Objective To identify the clinical risk factors of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) and their values in early diagnosis. Methods The retrospective analysis of clinical data was conducted in 142 children with Myco-plasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) admitted to Changhai Hospital of Second Military Medical University from Jan. 2012 to Jan. 2014. All children were divided into two groups, RMPP group (n=112) and MPP group (n=30). The comparison was made between two groups in clinical data. The factors were analyzed by the multifactor logistic regression. Results As compared to MPP, RMPP had longer fever duration, the higher ratios of large consolidation shadows, extrapulmonary complications and in-creased CRP level (P<0.05). The results of logistic regression indicated that the clinical risk factors included large consolidation shadows (OR=6.57, 95%CI:2.10-20.56), extrapulmonary complications (OR=11.66, 95%CI:2.42-56.08) and CRP (OR=14.87, 95%CI:2.67-82.79) (P<0.01). Conclusions Large consolidation shadows, extrapulmonary complications and CRP are clinical risk factors of RMPP. CRP elevation and lung imaging changes are valuable in early diagnosis of RMPP.