Objective To investigate the volume of hippocampal formation in normal adult using coronal magnetic resonance imaging. Methods 3D-fSPGR sequence was used to depict the brain in 68 healthy adult. The volume of hippocampus was calculated by drawing the outline of 10 coronal hippocampal formation images acquired equally form posterior border of rostrum corpus callosum to anterior border of the splenium. Data were analysed using the SPSS 17.0 software. Results In the coronal plane images of normal adult brain, the absolute volume of left and right hippocampal formation were 2 319.63-2 610.73 mm3 and 2 447.52-2 749.50 mm3 respectively . The relative volume of left and right hippocampal formation were 2 319 . 87-2 602 . 47 mm 3 and 2 443.96-2 755.89 mm3. There were no correlation between hippocampal volume and age (r = 0.084, P = 0.549. Significant gender differences (t=2.500, P=0.029) were observed between absolute volume of right hippocampal formation in the youth group. There were significant differences in the absolute volume (t = -2.571, P = 0.022), relative volume (t = 2.600, P = 0.021) among the right and left hippocampal formation. Significant absolute volume differences (P = 0.038) were observed between the middle-aged group and the youth group among the hippocampal formation of women. Conclusion No significant differences were observed in age, gender among the hippocampal volume of normal adult, and there was a significant difference between the left and right hippocampal formation volume.

Objective To learn the plague's host animals and parasitic flea composition, and to investigate the natural foci of plague in Xiji county in order to provide basic information for plague prevention and control. Methods The Citellus alaschanicus density, nocturnal rodents, the body flea, the burrow track flea, the nest flea were investigated in 8 townships (town) of Xiji county from June 11 2007 to July 25 2007. Specimens of small mammalian, fleas were collected for bacteriological and serological testing. Results The average density of the main host Citellus alaschanicus was 0.85 per hectare. The nocturnal mouse capture rate was 0.80%(24/2987).The survey found 16 species of small mammals that belonging to 3 orders, 9 families and 16 species with Citellus alaschanicus the dominant species. The Citellus alaschanicus had 2.84 fleas per body. Four families and 16 species of fleas were identified in the areas. The Citellus alaschanicus and Citellophilus Tesquorum Mongolicus were the dominant species. Plague bacteriology and serology tests were negative. Conclusions The study shows that the area is suitable for the formation of natural foci of Citellus alaschanicus plague. Surveillance is an important measure for prevention and control of the plague.

【Objective】 To study the expression of leptin mRNA in Chinese obese subjects using dot blot hybridization with a digoxigenin labele d probe. 【Methods】 11 Chinese nonobese subjects (bodymass index, BMI 21.0 kg/ m2±1.5 kg/m2) and 12 Chinese obese subjects(BMI 28.5 kg/m2±2.3 kg/m 2) parti cipated in the study. The human leptin cDNA probe was labeled wih digoxigenin(DI G) b y the random priming method. Expression of leptin mRNA in abdominal adipose tiss ue has been examined using dot blot hybridization with this probe. 【Results】 T he expression of leptin mRNA was significantly higher in obese subjects than in non-obese ones (312.8±108.9 vs 175.9±81.5, relative units, P<0.0 5), an d correlated with BMI (r=0.56, P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 Leptin mRNA le vel is high in obese subjects, and correlated with BMI.

A fragment sized 400bp of White spot syndrome virus（WS SV，formerly de signated NOSV），recovered from recombinant plasmid pAFD, was labeled with Digox igenin as a probe to detect dynamic distribution of WSSV within 120h and 72h in crawfishes（Cambarus proclarkii） inoculated WSSV by oral taking and injecti on r espectively. Stomach epithelium, intestine epithelium, heart, gill, haemolymph, muscle, hepatopancreas, hypoderm, connective tissue and ovary of infected crawfi shes were examined for WSSV. In both groups, WSSV was first detected in heamoly mph at 12h p.i. and then disappeared. Again it was detected at 96h p.i. only in oral infection group and maintained till 120h p.i., but it didn't appear at 72h p.i. in injection group. WSSV in heart, muscle was detected at 36h p.i. in oral infection group and 24h p.i. in injection group respectively, and then increased generally. In addition, WSSV in intestine epithelium, connective tissue, ovary of oral infection group and intestine epithelium, hypoderm, ovary of injection g roup could also be detected. In dead crawfishes after 120h and 72h p.i. in two groups, WSSV could be detected in all the examined tissues and it demonstrated t hat systemic infection occurred in the animales. The tissue containing more amo unts of WSSV was hypoderm in oral infection group, while intestine epithelium, g ill, hypoderm, ovary in injection infection group. It deduced that WSSV first a ppears in haemolymph and then goes into heart, muscle and other tissues and prol iferates in them. Once again, WSSV is released into heamolymph resulting in syst emic infection till crawfishes' death.

Objective To transplant the umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(UCMSCs) derived from human umbilical cord into cisterna magna of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) rat model,and to observe their survival,proliferation and differentiation in the rat brain.Methods UCMSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord of babies delivered after full-term normal cesarean section,and labeled by bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU).Pregnant rats were randomly divided into experimental group(n=6) and control group(n=1).HIE models were built by ligating both sides of the uterine arteries of full-pregnant rats(21 days) in experimental group rats for 15 minutes.The neonatal rats in experimental group were divided into stem cells group(n=24) and PBS group(n=19) at random.The labeled UCMSCs were injected into cisterna magna of the rats in stem cells group,while PBS was injected into the rats of PBS group.In 1,2,3 and 4 weeks after transplantation,the brain tissue section slides were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against BrdU,Nestin,neuron specific enolase(NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),and thionin.Control group with normal delivery was tested as concurrent control.Results At 1 week after transplantation,BrdU,Nestin,NSE and GFAP positive cells were found in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of the rats in stem cells group rats.The number of BrdU-positive and Nestin-positive cells increased(Pa0.05).The NSE-positive and GFAP-positive cells gradually increased from 1-4 weeks post transplantation and comparisons between groups had statistical significance(Pa

OBJECTIVETo investigate how network education can improve college students' knowledge on sexual and reproductive health in Ningbo city.

METHODSFrom December 2012 to June 2013, we conducted a questionnaire investigation among college students in Ningbo city about the effects of network education on their knowledge about sexual psychology, sexual physiology, sexual ethics, and reproductive health.

RESULTSA total of 7 362 college students accomplished the investigation, of whom 2 483 (42.1% males and 57.9% females) received network education, while the other 4 879 (24.1% males and 75.9% females) did not. Approximately 47.1% of the male and 28.0% of the female students acquired sexual and reproductive knowledge via network education. Reproductive health-related network education significantly enriched the students' knowledge about the reproductive system and sex, pubertal development, sexual physiology, conception and embryonic development, methods of contraception, sexual psychology, sexually transmitted diseases and their prevention, pregnancy care and eugenics, and environment- and occupation-related reproductive health (P < 0.01). It also remarkably improved their cognitive attitude towards reproductive health knowledge (P < 0.01). Those who received reproductive health-related network education showed a significantly higher rate of masturbation (P < 0.01) but markedly later time of the first masturbation (P < 0.01) than those who did not.

CONCLUSIONNetwork education can enhance the effect of reproductive health education among college students and improve their sexual experience and health.

China ; Contraception ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Masturbation ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior ; physiology ; psychology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities

Objective To analyze the related factors with prognosis in patients with serous ovarian adenocarcinoma and to set up a prognostic model of serous ovarian adenocarcinoma.Methods The clinical, pathological and follow-up data of 104 cases with serous ovarian adenocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed.Kaplan-meier univariate analysis was used to screen the prognostic factors;COX univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk coefficient of each factors and different layers in each factor.Pearson rank correlation was used to reject the influence of different factors with each other.And the prognostic model of serous ovarian adenocarcinoma was set up based on the result of the above study,which could be used to deduce the survival probability of patients with serous ovarian adenocarcinoma.Results International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage(P=0.0029),histological grade(P= 0.0054),residual disease(P=0.0000),metastasis of lymph nodes(P=0.0000)and chemotherapy(P= 0.0000)were the related factors of prognosis in patients with serous ovarian adenocareinoma,of which FIGO stage was the most important one,followed sequentially by histological grade,metastasis of lymph node, residual disease and chemotherapy(the independent risk coefficient of each factor was 1.3392,0.9206, 0.7071,0.6004,0.4985 in sequence).We set up a prognosis model according to the prognostic index of each factors.The effect of chemotherapy and residual disease on prognosis could be quantified by this model, and the higher the score,the lower the survival probability of patients.Condusions FIGO stage, histological grade,residual disease,metastasis of lymph nodes and chemotherapy are important prognostic factors of serous ovarian adenoearcinoma.This model can be used to estimate the prognosis of patients with serous ovarian adenoearcinoma,and the effect of both chemotherapy and residual disease on the prognosis could be quantified by the model.

OBJECTIVETo explore the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), especially those in the urinary storage phase, following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), and to improve the postoperative management and patients' quality of life after TURP.

METHODSA total of 86 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) underwent TURP, and were interviewed on urinary symptoms at 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after removal of the catheter. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had preoperative detrusor instability and/or compliance of the bladder (Group A) or not (Group B), and observed for the changes in IPSS scores and urinary storage symptoms after removal of the catheter.

RESULTSComplete follow-ups were achieved in 71 cases, 28 with detrusor instability and/or compliance of the bladder and the other 43 without. Their IPSS scores on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 15th and 30th day after removal of the catheter were 8.1 +/- 2.5, 7.2 +/- 3.1, 6.3 +/- 3.8, 5.3 +/- 4.2 and 2.4 +/- 3.4, respectively, with statistically significant differences between the 7th and the 1st as well as the 30th and the 15th day (P < 0.05), but not between the 1st and the3rd nor the 15th and the 7th day (P > 0.05). On the 1st day, the cardinal symptoms in the urinary storage phase were urinary frequency, urgency and incontinence; the scores on IPSS and urinary storage symptoms were 10.4 +/- 3.3 and 9.3 +/- 3.8 in Group A and 6.2 +/- 2.8 and 5.2 +/- 2.7 in Group B, with significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). After treatment with tolterodine and alpha-adrenoreceptor inhibitor, neither IPSS scores nor the scores on urinary storage symptoms showed any significant differences between Groups A and B on the 15th and 30th day (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe lower urinary tract symptoms following TURP, especially those in the urinary storage phase, are correlated with preoperative bladder function, and getting improved gradually after surgery.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Period ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Quality of Life ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Incontinence ; etiology

BACKGROUNDSuccessful treatment of gliomas in or adjacent to language areas constitutes a major challenge to neurosurgery. The present study was performed to evaluate the procedure of language mapping via intraoperative direct cortical electrical stimulation under awake anaesthesia when performed prior to resective glioma surgery.

METHODSThirty patients with gliomas and left-hemisphere dominance and, who underwent language mapping via intraoperative direct cortical electrical stimulation under awake anaesthesia before resective glioma surgery, were analyzed retrospectively. All patients had tumors in or adjacent to cortical language areas. The brain lesions were removed according to anatomic-functional boundaries with preservation of areas of language function. Both preoperative and postoperative functional findings were evaluated.

RESULTSIntraoperative language areas were detected in 20 patients but not in four patients. Language mapping failure for reasons attributable to the anaesthesia or to an intraoperative increase in intracranial pressure occurred in six cases. Seven patients presented with moderate or severe language deficits after six months of follow-up. Total resection was achieved in 14 cases, near-total resection in 12 cases and subtotal resection in four cases.

CONCLUSIONSIntraoperative cortical electrical stimulation is an accurate and safe approach to identification of the language cortex. Awake craniotomy intraoperative cortical electrical stimulation, in combination with presurgical neurological functional imaging to identify the anatomic-functional boundaries of tumor resection, permits extensive tumor excision while preserving normal language function and minimizing the risk of postoperative language deficits.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Brain Neoplasms ; surgery ; Cerebrum ; surgery ; Female ; Glioma ; surgery ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies