ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical phenotypes of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) caused by exon 13 A606T mutation in low deusity lipoprotein receptor.MethodsClinical data of the suffered family were collected and analyzed,as well as measurement of perivascular intima-medial thickness and follow-mediated-dilation function by ultrasonography.ResultsThere were totally 11 sufferers including 4 males and 9 females,aged 8-90 years,with 2 homozygotes and 9 heterozygotes.Among them, one homozygote showed angina pectoris and hematuria,both homozygotes had skin xanthomata.TC,TG,LDL-C and HDL-C were(7.39 ± 1.30) mmol/L,(0.93 ± 0.36) mmol/L,( 11.76 ± 1.10) mmol/L and ( 1.22 ±0.17) mmol/L,respectively.The left/right sided intima-medial thickness of the common,internal,external and bulb carotid artery were ( 1.15 ±0.45) mm/( 1.30 ±0.60) mm,(0.82 ±0.30) mm/( 1.00 -0.66)mm,(0.77 ±0.28) mm/(0.78 ±0.30) mm and ( 1.40 ±0.59) mm/( 1.46 ±0.71 ) mm respectively.The brachial artery flow mediated dilation rate was (4.85 ±4.80)％.Echocardiography revealed 2 patients with cardiac valvular disease and 3 with atrium septum aneurysm. ConclusionFH patients show a variety of phenotypes incuding extraordinary hypercholesterolemia,subcutaneous xanthomata and premature coronary heart disease.

Objective:To study the fingerprint of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae of Xiangdan Injection. Methods : HPLC with UV detector was used to analyze the patterns of the Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae of Xiangdan Injection. Protocatechuic aldehyde was used as internal standard substance. Results : The fingerprint of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae of Xiangdan Injection was set up and the fingerprint of them showed an excellent correlation. Conclusion : The study is helpful for the quality control of Xiangdan Injection.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of endovascular intervention for intra-cranial aneurysms, especially in the respect of the technique and management of intra-operative complications. Method The clinical data of 60 patients with intra-cranial aneurysms treated with endovascular intervention in the past 3 years were analyzed. The relevant literature especially with regard to the practical technique described was reviewed so as to potentiall minimize and properly manage the intra-operative complications. Results A total of 69 sacciform aneurysms and one dissecting aneurysm located at left vertebral artery (VA) were detected by using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in 60 patients. There were 65 saccular aneurysms obliterated with constructive approach, and five of them treated with stent-assisted technique and four of them treated with ballon-assisted technique. The VA dissecting aneurysm was obliterated with coils by deconstructive approach with complete occlusion of its parent vessel. There were a total of 53 complete occlusions of aneurysms accounted for 76.81% of 69 sacciform aneurysms in 51 patients ( 85 % ) and eight subtotal occlusion of aneurysms (95 % ～ 99 % occlusion) accounted for 13.56% of total sacciform aneurysms in five patients (8.47%) and four incomplete occlusion of aneurysms ( ＜ 95% occlusion) accounted for 6.78% of total sacciform aneurysms in three patients (5.08%), and one was failure in operation. The rupture of aneurysms occurred during operation in4 patients (6.78%). Two senile patients suffered from intra-opeartive symptomatic thromboembolisn. One patient had stent shifting and spring coil dislocated and moved into the M3 segment of the ipsilateral MCA. Vasospasm occurred in 15 patients during operation, and most of them received endovascular intervention 3 days after the initial ictus. The rate of good recovery was 93.3% at discharge from hospital (the modified Rankin Scales, mRS＜ 2). There were 55 patients followed up for up 24 months after discharge, and excellent recovery rate was found in 51 patients ( mRS ＜ 2), and 3 died.During the follow-up period, no aneurismal recanalization or rupture was noticed in all patients. Conclusions The endovascular intervention is a safe and effective approach to the intra = cranial aneurysms. Advances in the skill of technique and proper management will decrease the complications during operation and improve the prognosis of patients.

OBJECTIVE To explore the features,developing trend and factors of hospital infection in patients with iatrogenic injury.METHODS Retrospective surveys of hospital infections in 750 cases with iatrogenic injury were carried out in hospital between 2000 and 2007.RESULTS The incidence of hospital infection in patients with iatrogenic injury was 87.39%.Among them,hospital wound infection was the highest(87.39%),the second one was cavity infection(8.98%).The leading causative microorganisms were Gram-negative bacteria.CONCLUSIONS It is imperative to make effort to decvease the morbidity of hospital infections.We hope that the iatrogenic injury can be brought into the category of public health as soon as possible to enhance the medical care service and secure safty and health of the patients.

As a novel research tool in the field of the spinal biomechanics, the finite element method (FEM) complements and verifies the traditional research methods, which has been attached increasingly greater importance. In this paper, we briefly introduce the achievement made in the field of spinal biomechanics by FEM in the past decade, summarize the physiological and pathological behaviors of various spinal anatomical parts described by FEM, and present the basic view of using FEM to optimize the surgery instrument design.

The role of bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,which came into application in 1960's,has long been controversial.There are various brace instrument with different reported effectiveness.In this paper,we summarize the research findings and main views in the effectiveness of bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in the past ten years,and explore the possible causes leading to the different results.Besides,we are trying to point out the research trend,in hope of drawing a scientific conclusion on the effectiveness of bracing treatment in the near future.

Currently, the resistance of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs has made the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis increasingly difficult, posing a serious threat to global public health. Several studies have shown that efflux pumps are one of the important causes for bacteria to develop multi-drug resistance and extremely-drug resistance, and efflux pump inhibitors can inhibit the efflux of antibacterial drugs, thereby reducing bacterial drug resistance. Numerous natural products and synthetic compounds have been reported to possess efflux pump inhibitory activity, but they have not been applied in clinical settings because of their toxicity, pharmacokinetic properties, etc. Therefore, we summarized the efflux pump inhibitory activity, antimicrobial activity, and structure-activity relationships of reported efflux pump inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in recent years, providing references for the development of new efflux pump inhibitors with better activity and lower toxicity.

Objective To compare the efficiency of oscillation with sonication in preparing nano-scale microbubbles (NBs).Methods Nano-scale microbubbles were prepared using oscillation and sonication respectively,and then compared the NBs' size,size distribution,concentrations and time-consumption of the two methods.Results The sizes of nanobubbles prepared by sonication and oscillation were (373.88 ±18.43)nm and (360.74 ± 14.39)nm,respectively.There was no significant difference in size between the two methods (P =0.523).The polidispersity was larger in sonication before centrifugation,there was significant difference between the two methods (P ＜0.001).The concentration of nanobubbles prepared by oscillation was (1.48 ± 0.15) × 1010,which was higher than that by oscillation [(8.07 ± 0.62) × 108],there was significant difference between the two methods (P ＜ 0.001).The consuming time was shorter in oscillation,the difference was significant when compared with sonication (P ＜0.001).Conclusions Both two methods can successfully prepare NBs.Compared with sonication,oscillation can effectively produce NBs with smaller polidispersity,higher concentration and shorter time-consumption.

Clinical data of 61 cases of imported malaria were analyzed retrospectively.Patients with malaria were divided into three groups,asymptomatic tertian (vivax) malaria,symptomatic tertian malaria and pernicious (falciparum) malaria.Only mild hepatic damage occurred in some patients with asymptomatic tertian malaria,compared with other groups Symptomatic tertian malaria and pernicious malaria were misdiagnosed in 6 of 20 and three of six,respectively before hospitalization,and 16 of 20 and four of six patients complicated with thrombocytopenia,respectively,and both of them had increased serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP).Platelet count negatively correlated with their serum level of CRP significantly in patients with symptomatic tertian malaria (r =-0.555,P ＜ 0.05).Routine anti-malaria therapy was used in imported malaria,blackwater fever occurred in two patients and acute renal failure occurred in one with falciparum malaria.It is suggested plasmodium exam ination in peripheral blood should be performed in all persons returned from countries prevalent with malaria,thrombocytopenia is an indicator of acute malaria,and more severe complications usually tend to occur in falciparum malaria.

Objective To investigate the relevant factors of neonatal ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP),and to provide a theoretical basis of prevention and treatment.Methods Retrospective analyed the clinical data of 145 critically ill neonates,who were treated with mechanical ventilator from Jan 2006 to Dec 2009 in the Third People′s Hospital of Wenzhou City,NICU.According to whether the neonates were occurred VAP,they were divided into two groups:VAP group(52 cases) and without VAP group(93 cases).Results Fifty-two out of the 145 neonates developed VAP.The incidence of VAP was 35.86%,the main relevent factors were the gestational ages,birth weights,the duration of mechanical ventilation and the times of intubation.There was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).The main pathogens were opportunistic bacteria,and mostly were G-bacilli.Conclusion The incidence of VAP has a close conclusion with the gestational ages,the birth weights,the duration of mechanical ventilation and the times of intubation.Regulate the use of breathing machine,strengthen aseptic operation,and select effective antibiotic can control the occurrence and development of VAP.