[Summary] With the development of diagnosis and treatment levels and the improvement of survival rates of breast cancer , related lymphedema has received increasing attention .In a long term, it is regarded as the primary complication after the breast cancer therapy , which affects the quality of life of patients .Due to lack of consensus in many aspects worldwide , it continues to be a challenge to diagnose and treat the disease .This article aimed to summarize the diagnosis and therapeutics of breast cancer related lymphedema .

Objective To study the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the environmental nutrition and neural differentiation of the transplanted stem cells under hypothermia.Methods The BDNF gene mediated by liposome was transfected into 293T cell line, and ELISA assay was applied to find the peak time of BDNF expression. When BDNF was highly expressed, the supernatant was collected for establishment of SD rat models of brain injury. The rats were divided into Group A (stem cell transplantation group) and Group B (stem cell transplantation and BDNF group). Rats in both groups were under hypothermia treatment for five days. Four and eight days later ( three days from rewarming), rat brain tissues were obtained to detect the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), nestin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by immunohistochemical method and to detect the apoptosis by in situ hybridization. Finally, the nerve function scores were obtained for evaluation of the nerve function. Results The ELISA showed that the high level of BDNF expression was at 48 to 60 hours after gene transfection. PCNA and nestin were highly expressed, while NES and GFAP showed nil or low level of expression in both groups at the fourth day after hypothermia, with little apoptotic cells especially in the Group B (P ＜0.05). The expressions of PCNA and nestin were decreased, but the expressions of NSE and GFAP were increased at the third day after rewarming. The positive rate of NSE expression in the Group B was much higher and the apoptotic cells were much less compared with the Group A ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). A better nerve score was obtained in the Group B. Conclusion BDNF can enhance the survival rate of the transplanted stem cells and induce their differentiation into neurons under hypothermia.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coxsackievirus Infections ; metabolism ; Enterovirus B, Human ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; metabolism ; virology ; Osteopontin ; metabolism ; Rats

Objective To study the protective effect of redix astragail on intestinal mucosa barrier in infant rabbits with intestinal ischemiareperfusion.Methods Twenty male infant rabbits were divided into 4 groups randomly:sham control group,intestinal ischemia reperfusion(IIR) group(model group),redix astragail group,control group.Redix astragail group and control group intraperitonerlly injected redix astragail 6 mg/(kg?d)or sodium chloride preoperative.Intestinal mucosa and blood plasma superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity,intestinal mucosa tissue degree of injury were observed in infant rabbits with IIR.Meanwhile,the effect of redix astragail on them was studied.Results After IIR,SOD activity in intestinal mucosa and blood plasma obviously decreased,and intestinal mucosa tissue morphous and intestinal mucosa barrier lesion were progressively aggravated.Redix astragail might increase blood plasma and intestinal tissue SDD activity significantly.Conclusion Redix astragail plays an important role in protecting intestinal mucosa barrier in infant rabbits with IIR.

The correct pairing of disulfide bonds maintains the correct folding mode and high-level structure formation of peptides and protein drugs, which is crucial for the quality control of products. In order to ensure that the disulfide bonds are correctly paired, disulfide bond analysis is an essential part of peptides and protein drug characterization. Mass spectrometry can be used to analyze disulfide bonds. However, insulin and its analogues have two pairs of disulfide bonds without restriction enzyme cutting site. Conventional collision-induced dissociation (CID) and high-energy induced cleavage (HCD) cannot accurately locate the complex disulfide bond. In our study, three methods were used to localize the complex disulfide, including enzyme digestion combined with key peptide fragment in source decay (ISD) fragmentation method, enzyme digestion combined with partial reduction alkylation method, intact protein source ISD and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) cleavage method, The applicability of insulin aspart, insulin lispro and insulin glargine were also investigated. This study provides a new way for the quality control of disulfide bonding mode of insulin and its analogues, and also provides a reference for the disulfide bond localization of peptides or proteins containing this complex disulfide bond.

Objective To screen altered proteins of hippocampus in the stress-induced depression (STRID) rat model, and explore the potential molecular mechanism. Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group and STRID group, 10 rats in each group. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) methods including fasting for solids and liquids, electric foot-shock, reversing day and night, cold water swimming, cage tilt, scare stimulation and tail pinch were conducted on STRID rats with no repeats for 28 days to make up the depression animal model. The control group was normally fed during this period. After the stress stimulation, the hippocampus protein samples were used for two dimensional electrophoresis to screen the differentially expressed protein, and then mass spectrum identification and function analyze were conducted. Results Compared with the control group, 34 proteins were altered in STRID group. Among which, 18 were up-regulated, and 16 were down-regulated. The differentially expressed proteins mainly located in cytoplasm, mitochondrion, extracellular exosome and myelin sheath. The involved signaling pathways included metabolic pathway, oxidative phosphorylation pathway, and Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease pathways. Conclusion The altered proteins and dysfunction of nerve signaling, and the excess of oxidative phosphorylation in hippocampus of STRID rats may be one of the pathogenesises.

Objective:To study the cytocompatibility of Zr-Cu-Al-Ag alloy coated by micro-arc oxidation.Methods:Components of Zr-Cu-Al-Ag alloy coated by micro-arc oxidation in three different voltages of 300 V,350 V and 400 V,Zr-Cu-Al-Ag alloy as cast condition and TI6Al4V alloy were made for the test.The water extracted from the components were obtained according to national standard.The L929 cells were cultivated in vitro in the extracts of these components separately.The L929 cells,cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10 ％ fetal calf serum,served as the negative control group.And cells,cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10 ％ fetal calf serum and 64 g/L phenol,served as the positive control group.The cytocompatibility of these components were evaluated by MTT colorimetric.Results:The cytotoxicity of Zr-Cu-Al-Ag alloy coated by micro-arc oxidation is 0 grade.Microscopy showed that the morphology of L929 cells,cultured in the extracts of Zr-Cu-Al-Ag alloy coated by micro-arc oxidation were normal.There were no significant differences between micro-arc oxidationt and negative control groups.The cell multiplication curves of micro-arc oxidation and negative control groups were nearly overlapping and in the linearity increasing trend.The OD in micro-arc oxidation groups had no significant differences with negative control group (P＞0.05),but were higher than that of Zr-Cu-Al-Ag alloy as cast condition,TI6Al4V alloy and positive control groups (P＜0.05).Conclusions:The cytocompatibility of Zr-Cu-Al-Ag alloy has been improved by micro-arc oxidation technique.

BACKGROUND: Dialysis-related amyloid may occur during long-term dialysis for patients with uraemia, of which the main evocator is β_2-microglobulin (β_22M); therefore, how to eliminate 132M from blood is always the focus of research. OBJECTIVE: To observe ability of removal of β_2-microglobulin (β_2M) from serum using two kinds of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane materials with various degrees of sulfonation.METHODS: These materials were incubated in radio-labeled β_2M (~(125)Ⅰ-β_2M) solution and human serum respectively at appointed time at 37 ℃, and then the amounts of ~(125)Ⅰ-β_2M and serumβ_2M adsorbed by materials were measured by radio immunoassay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the ~(125)Ⅰ-β_2M system, amounts of ~(125)Ⅰ-β_2M adsorbed by the materials decreased in the following sequence PES with high degree of sulfonation > PES with low degree of sulfonation > PES, whatever the source of PES was. In the serum system, amounts of β_2M adsorbed reached maximums at 30 minutes and the final adsorptions decreased in sequence of PES with high degree of sulfonation > PES with low degree of sulfonaUon > PES. Sulfonated PES removed β_2M more than PES did and the adsorption of β_2M increases with the increase in the degree of sulfonation. Its ability to remove significant amount of β_2M may result in less β_2M available for incorporation into amyloid. The use of sulfonated PES membranes may lessen the likelihood of development of dialysis-related amyloidosis, which remains a major source of morbidity for patients treated with long-term hemodialysis.

Objective To compare the dose distribution between three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in treating locally advanced pancreatic cancer,and report the efficacy of IMRT combined with regional chemotherapy using gemcitabine (GEM).Methods Ten patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer were enrolled in this study.3D-CRT and IMRT plans were designed for each patient.The dose distributions of target volume and normal tissues were analyzed using the dose volume histogram (DVH).Twenty-five locally advanced pancreatic cancers patients who were treated by IMRT combined with regional chemotherapy using gemcitabine (combined group) were retrospective analyzed,as well as 25 hospitalized patients of the same period who were treated by regional chemotherapy using gemcitabine alone (chemotherapy alone group).The therapeutic efficacy and adverse events were compared between two groups.Results IMRT plans decrease the mean dose and volume of duodenum,liver,stomach,both kidney and small bowel that received highdose irradiation.The 1-,2-year survival rate of the combined group and chemotherapy alone group was 60％,28％ and 36％,12％.The median survival time of two groups was 15 and 10 months,respectively (x2 =4.16,P ＜0.05).The total response rate of the combined group and the chemotherapy alone group was 64％ and 32％,respectively (x2 =5.13,P ＜ 0.05).The upper gastrointestinal side-effect rate of the combined group was higher than that of the chemotherapy alone group(Z =-2.354,P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistic significance in hematologic toxicity,liver and renal functional damage between the two groups.Conclusions Compared with 3D-CRT plan,IMRT plan could reduce the dose of organ at risks.IMRT combined with regional chemotherapy using gemcitabine could significantly improve the survival rate of patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer with mild adverse events.

The study of brain-machine interfaces ( BMI) based on humans or animals is expected to improve the living conditions of patients with brain injury, nervous system disease and limb movement disorders.Considerable progress has been made over the past ten years, which is gradually being used to address the long-term and stability issues of BMIs technology.The result of study on safety and security of BMIs has led to the appearance of brain control animals.In this paper, the development of BMI technology and the application prospects of brain control animals are reviewed.