AIM　To investigate the antithrobosis effects of glycol mannate sulfate(GMS). METHODS　Vein thrombus was formed in rat by ligating postcava. Thrombus formation in vitro was observed by Chandlers method. Clotting indexes were measure by ACL200 congulation system. RESULTS　GMS dosage of 20、40 mg*kg-1 could inhibit the vein thrombus formation in rats (P<0.01). GMS could inhibit the thrombosis in rabbit, in vivo, and the inhibitory action was enhanced along with the increase of dosage. The CT,TT,CT,APTT,RT and PT were prolonged, and the fibrinogen and the activity of Ⅱ and Ⅱa were decreased. The activity of ATⅢ was enhenced. CONCLUSION　GMS has antithrombotic effect and the mechanism may be related to the anticongulat effect.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the pathogenesis of globozoospermia, fertilization ability of round-headed sperm, and the application value of assisted oocyte activation in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for the wives of glohozoospermia men.

METHODSWe collected oocytes from the wives of 2 globozoospermia patients and randomly divided them into two groups after ICSI to receive calcium ionophore A23187-activation and conventional treatment, respectively. We reviewed the relevant literature published at home and abroad, and discussed the etiology of globozoospermia, fertilization ability of round-headed sperm, and treatment options for this disease.

RESULTSQuality embryos were obtained in the A23187-activation group while no fertilized oocytes, oocyte cleavage, quality embryos, or blastular formation were found in the conventional treatment group. Both women achieved pregnancy and gave birth to healthy neonates after transfer of the quality embryos from the A23187-activation group.

CONCLUSIONCalcium ionophore A23187 can be applied to ICSI for the wives of globozoospermia men and bring about desirable clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, attention should be paid to its safety.

Calcimycin ; therapeutic use ; Calcium Ionophores ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; drug therapy ; Male ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Spermatozoa ; abnormalities

Objective In order to avoid potential injuries imposed to human body, it can be feasible to use the musculoskeletal models which can be reconstructed from the cadaver color cryosection (CCC) images, computerized tomography (CT) images, magnetic resonance (MR) images or other images to analyze the dynamic properties of muscles in vivo during human movement. Methods We reconstruct the lower limb musculoskeletal model and define the uniform joint coordinate system (JCS) on the model and the subject. The coordinate transformation of the muscle attachment points both on the model and the subject is described in detail. Results The length and the moment arm of the biceps femoris (short head) during knee flexion are calculated and analyzed. Conclusion This method plays an important role in improving the kinematics and dynamic simulation and the muscle force estimation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Jiawei Yupingfeng Mixture (YPF) on repeated respiratory tract infection (RRTI) and its impacts on T-cell subsets, immunoglobulin and erythrocyte immune.

METHODSTwo hundred children with RRTI were assigned equally to two groups, the test group treated with YPF and the control group treated by transfer factor. The clinical efficacy, and the changes of T-cell subsets, immunoglobulin and erythrocyte immune before and after treatment were observed in 31 patients randomly selected from each group.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the frequency of attacking was reduced and the course of attacking was shortened significantly in the test group as compared with before treatment and also with the control group (P < 0.01); IgG and IgA levels were improved in both groups, but the improvement was more significant in the test group (P<0.01, P<0.05); T-cell subsets indices, including CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio, all improved in the test group significantly (P <0.01), while in the control group, significant improvement only showed in rising of CD3(+) and CD4(+) (P <0.05, P <0.01), comparison between groups showed significant difference in terms of CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+); in the control group, levels of C3b, RFER and RFIR were changed significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01), but the improvement of ICR was insignificant, while in the test group, the above indices were significant improved as compared with after treatment of the control group (P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONYPF plays a preventive and therapeutic role in children with RRTI by way of regulating the cellular and humoral immune.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Infant ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; immunology ; prevention & control ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of mutant hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) adenovirus (Adeno-HIF-1α-Ala402-Ala564) on cardiomyocytes (CMCs) differentiation from the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) co-cultured with CMCs.

METHODSFollowing groups were studied: HIF-1α group (MSCs + CMCs + Ad-HIF-1α), LacZ group (MSCs + CMCs + Ad-LacZ), Sham group (MSCs + CMCs + PBS) and MSC + HIF-1α Group (MSCs + Ad-HIF-1α). MSCs were co-cultured with myocardial cells in proportion of MSCs:CMCs 1:2, after 24 hours, cells were infect with virus (MOI = 100) or treated with PBS, cardiac troponin (cTnT) expression in MSCs was detected 7 days post infection by immunochemical analysis, mRNA expression of HIF-1α, TGF-β(1), Smad4, NKx2.5, GATA-4 was also detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTSHIF-1α increased MSCs differentiation to myocardial cells (differentiation rate 32.68% ± 6.52% vs. 8.28% ± 0.09% in the LacZ group and 10.25% ± 2.20% in the Sham group and 0.32% ± 0.05% in the MSC group (all P < 0.05 vs. HIF-1α group). mRNA expression of HIF, TGF-β(1), Smad4, NKx2.5 and GATA-4 was also significantly upregulated in HIF-1α group all P < 0.05 vs. Sham group).

CONCLUSIONHIF-1α promoted MSCs, co-cultured with myocardial cells, differentiating to cardiomyocytes via upregulating TGF-β(1)/Smad4 signaling pathway.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cells, Cultured ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; genetics ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Smad4 Protein ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

This study is to investigate the protein and mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in U937 foam cells and effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on the cytokines. U937 cells were cultured with different concentrations of GbE (0.1, 1, and 10 microg x L(-1)), and stimulated by 100 mg x L(-1) oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 24 h. The expressions of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in culture solution were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that incubated with 100 mg x L(-1) ox-LDL for 24 h, the U937 cells became foam cells, the protein or mRNA expressions of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-10, and its receptor IL-10R in U937 foam cells were higher markedly than those in normal U937 cells. When the cells were pretreated with GbE (0.1, 1, and 10 microg x L(-1)), the increases of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in U937 foam cells were remarkably inhibited, but IL-10 expression increased greatly. Especially when cells were pretreated with 10 microg x L(-1) GbE, the protein and mRNA expressions of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were markedly lower than those in U937 foam cells. The protein expression of IL-10 and mRNA expressions of IL-10 and its receptor IL-10R were markedly higher than those in U937 foam cells. GbE inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, but up-regulated the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and its receptor IL-10R in U937 foam cells, which might be related with its anti-atherosclerotic actions.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Foam Cells ; metabolism ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Interleukin-1beta ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin-10 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; U937 Cells

This study was purposed to investigate the apoptosis-inducing effect of 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin (BrMChR) on leukemia K562 cells as well as the variation of caspase-3 activity and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) expression of K562 cells during the process of apoptosis. MTT assay was used to determine the inhibitory effect of BrMChR on proliferation of K562 cells. Cell apoptosis was assayed by AO/EB staining under fluorescent microscope and flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. The expression level of p-Akt was measured by Western blot. The results showed that BrMChR had the inhibitory effect on proliferation of K562 cells and could induce apoptosis of these cells in dose-dependent manner, and these effects were significantly stronger than ChR. After treatment of K562 cells with 3 µmol/L ChR for 12 hours, the apoptosis rate was only 3.68%, but the apoptosis rate of K562 cells treated with 3 µmol/L BrMChR was 21.8%. In the same time, the caspase-3 activity significantly increased (p < 0.05), but the expression of p-Akt was down-regulated (p < 0.01). It is concluded that BrMChR can induce apoptosis of K562 cells and with effect stronger than chR. P-Akt may participate in the apoptosis process of K562 cells induced by BrMChR.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Flavonoids ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: Edaravone (3-methyl-1-penyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) is a potent free-radical scavenger and has the antioxidant ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation. The study aimed to examine the effect of edaravone on protecting the acute injury of human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells (A549 cells) induced by paraquat (PQ) and the change of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD). METHODS: A549 cells were cultured and divided into PQ group (group P), edaravone-treated group (group E) and normal control group (group C). The cells in group P were exposed to paraquat (600 mol/L), and the cells in group E were treated with edaravone (100 mol/L) additionally, and no drug intervention was given to the cells in group C. Real-time monitoring by LSCM was used to detect the cell response and the intracellular dynamic change of ROS level in A549 cells after administration of PQ and edaravone. And the levels of SOD and MDA were detected respectively by biochemistry colorimetry. Data were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. Statistical analysis was carried out with the soft SPSS 16.0. RESULTS: The concentration of intracellular ROS significantly increased when PQ was given to A549 cells. But after administration of edaravone, the concentration of intracellular ROS was decreased. Compared to the PQ group, the levels of SOD in the edaravone group were significantly increased while the levels of MDA were markedly decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Paraquat can increase the oxidative stress, and induce the lipid peroxidation of A549 cells. Edaravone has the effect to scavenge reactive oxygen species, and to protect against the PQ-induced lung toxicity.

BACKGROUNDResearches in ocular electromyography (EMG) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) suggest that there may be additional abnormalities such as paradoxical innervation between horizontal rectus muscles and vertical rectus muscles, hypoplasia of vertical rectus muscle and that oblique muscles may also contribute to the heterogeneity of the clinical manifestation of DRS. This paper reports the results of superior rectus recession for vertical deviation and A pattern in DRS Type III and discusses the pathogenesis of the disease.

METHODSSuperior and lateral rectus recession were performed in 5 cases of Huber type III DRS to treat vertical deviation and A pattern strabismus. Before operation, MRI of the brain, brainstem, cavernous sinus, and orbits were performed.

RESULTSAll subjects had unilateral limitation of both abduction and adduction, with palpebral fissure narrowing and globe retraction in adduction. Three cases had A pattern of strabismus, three cases had hypertropia. The abducens nerves (CN6) were either absent or hypoplasitic in the brainstem in all patients. Two eyes had larger oculomotor foramen. Two eyes had hypoplasia of the superior rectus and the inferior rectus. There was presumably a branch of the third cranial nerve (CN3) innervating the lateral rectus (LR) in one eye. While in another eye, two branches of CN3 sent into medial rectus were revealed. After surgery, vertical deviation in the primary position was reduced in all patients and A pattern was eliminated in 3 patients. One patient developed 10Δ consecutive esotropia postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that structural abnormalities of vertical muscle and abnormal orbital innervation may be related to vertical deviation and the presence of A pattern in DRS type III. Recession of the superior rectus muscle seems to be a safe and effective treatment for vertical deviation and A pattern strabismus in DRS Type III.

Adolescent ; Child ; Duane Retraction Syndrome ; diagnosis ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Young Adult

We report two patients with unilateral vertical retraction syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbits of the two cases showed similar size and location of the orbital structure, but with dramatically different strabismus type. MRI sagittal reconstruction of the orbits suggested that abnormal muscle tissue arised from the inferior rectus, which might be associated with retraction and narrowing of the palpebral fissure and atypical strabismus as well.
Child ; Eyelids ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Oculomotor Muscles ; physiopathology ; Orbit ; pathology ; Strabismus ; pathology ; Syndrome