Objective To study the evaluation between the X-ray findings and ultrasound(US) manifestations of upper digestiveobstruction in infancy.Methods X-ray and US manifestations of 20 cases of infant with upper digestive obstruction proved by operationwere analysed respectively.Results In 20 cases,12 patients had pyloric stenosis,3 duodenal stresia,3 midgut malformation,2 hiatalhernia.Pyloric stenosis was diagnosed by X-ray in 11 cases,by US in 9,misdiagnosed by US in 1 case.Duodenal stresia was observed by X-ray and US in 2 cases separately,not observed by X-ray and US in 1 case separately.Midgut malformation was demonstrated by X-ray and US in 1 case separately,not demonstrated in 2 cases separately.Hiatal hernia was found by X-ray in 2 cases,misdiagnosed by US in 2 cases.Conclusion The two methods can't substitute with each other but complement.X-ray is better than US in the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis and hiatal hernia.US is better than X-ray in the diagnosis of midgut malformation.

ProTide technology is a kind of prodrug design strategy invented by the team of Christopher McGuigan. ProTides are aryloxyphosphoramidates (or aryloxyphosphonamidates) which contain a phosphorus atom combined with an amino acid ester and an aryloxy group. These prodrugs can efficiently cross the cell membrane and escape from the first rate-limiting step of phosphorylation, which afford effective solutions to the drawbacks of current nucleoside analogues. At present, ProTide technology has been extensively applied in the field of antiviral research. It has been successful in providing a number of approved drugs and clinical candidates, such as sofosbuvir and so much more, highlighting the promising future in drug discovery. This review summarizes the brief history and characteristics of ProTide technology, as well as its application in the exploration of antiviral drugs.

Objective To investigate the effects of downstream regulatory element antagonist modulator (DREAM) on the expression of glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) in spinal cord in rats with bone cancer pain and morphine tolerance.Methods Sixty female healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing 200 ～230 g were randomly divided into tow groups,group Ⅰ cancer pain (CP,n =48) and group Ⅱ Sham (S,n =12).Cancer pain in each group was produced by inoculation of syngenetic Walker 256 rat mammary gland carcinoma cells (5 × 105) to left tibia.Pain threshold to mechanical stimulus was measured before (baseline) and after the surgical procedure.From 14 d to 18 d after the inoculation of carcinoma cells,36 rats from group CP received subcutaneous injection of morphine at 3 times per day with doses increasingly from 10 mg/kg initially to 20 mg/kg,30 mg/kg,40 mg/kg,and 60 mg/kg.Equal volume of normal saline was applied to the 12 rats left in group CP.On 19th day after the carcinoma cells inoculation once subcutaneous injection of morphine at 3mg/kg was performed in all rats in group CP.From the next day,the rats in group CP ever receiving injections of morphine for 5 days were randomized into thre subgroups,including subgroups morphine tolerance (MT,n =12),vehicle (V,n =12),and RNAi (R,n =12).They were injected intrathecally with 20 μl of normal saline (NS),10 μl vehicle plus 10 μ1 NS,and 10 μ1 of DREAM-shRNA plus l0 μ1 NS,respectively,once a day for 5 days.Focusing on the affected limb,mechanical pain threshold was measured one day before surgery (T0),and at day7 (T1),day 14 (T2),day 18 (T3),day 19 (T4),day21 d (T5),day 25 (T6),and day 28 (T7) after surgery.The animals were sacrificed at day 28 after the procedure.The lumbar 4 segments in rats were removed for detection of DREAM and GLT-1.Results The mechanical threshold was significantly decreased at T1 compared to the baseline in all groups,returned to the baseline at T2 ～ T7 in group S,at T4 in group CP,and at T2 in group MT,V,and R,but remained low at T5 ～T7 in group CP,and at T3 ～T7 in group MT,V,and R.Compared to that at T1,it was decreased at T2 ～T3 and T5 ～ T7 in group CP,at T4 ～ T7 in group MT and V,and at T4 ～ T5 in group R,going back to the baseline at T4 in group CP and at T2 in group MT,V and R,and increased at T6 ～ T7 in group R.Compared to that in group S,the mechanical threshold in group CP,MT,V and R was decreased,and lower at T2 in group CP and at T4 in group MT,V and R.Compared to that in group CP,the mechanical threshold was significantly higher at T2 ～ T3 but lower at T4 in group MT,V,and R,decreased at T5 in group R and at T5 ～ T7 in group MT and V.The mechanical threshold was increased at T6 ～ T7 in group R and higher than that in groups MT and V.The expression of DREAM,compared to that in group S,was down-regulated in other groups.Compared to group CP,increment was shown in groups MT and V,and decrease was exhibited in group R.It was cut down in group R compared to that in groups MT and V.Compared to group S,GLT-1 was decreased in other groups.It was down-regulated in groups MT,V and R compared to group CP.Conclusions DREAM is involved in the development of allodynia after morphine tolerance in rats with bone cancer pain.No evidence in this study supports a link between DREAM and GLT-l in spinal cord.

The present paper aims to investigate whether or not vasculogenic mimicry (VM) exists in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and to elucidate its relationship to microvessel density (MVD), galectin-3 (Gal-3) expression, and clinicopathological factors of patients with LSCC. VM, score of MVD and expression of Gal-3 protein were detected by immunohistochemistry and histochemistry in 83 specimens of LSCC tissue and 20 specimens of normal laryngeal tissue. The positive rate of VM in normal laryngeal tissues was 0%, and was 33.7% in LSCC tissues. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0. 01). VM or MVD was significantly related to differentiation, pTNM stages and lymph node metastasis of LSCC (P<0.05), but not to age, gender and tumor site (P>0. 05). And there was a positive correlation between every two of VM, score of MVD, and Gal-3 protein (P< 0. 05). The results suggest that expression of Gal-3 protein may be related to the initiation, angiogenesis and VM formation in LSCC; And VM, angiogenesis and Gal-3 protein may be involved in the development, invasion and metastasis of LSCC.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; blood supply ; Galectin 3 ; metabolism ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; blood supply ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; blood supply ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Prognosis

Objective:To set up the HPLC fingerprints of Scutellaria baicalensis collected from different regions and develop a HPLC method for the quantitative analysis of the chief Flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis.Methods:The HPLC separation was performed on SHIMADZU VP-ODS column(250mm?4.6mm,5?m),gradient eluted using 0.1% citric acid-acetonitrile solvent system and detected at 276nm and 200nm to 400nm with a DAD detector.The flow rate was 1.0ml/min.The fingerprints of different samples were compared with similarity evaluation software.Results The HPLC fingerprints of Scutellaria baicalensis was set up,in the fingerprints,17common peaks of flavonoids were confi rmed.But the contents of the chief Flavonoids had a big difference,in which the baicalin had the biggest content(18.32%) in cottage Scutellaria baicalensis of Yiyuan County;the baicalein and wogonin had the biggest content(2.31%&0.73%) in wild Scutellaria baicalensis of Northeastern China.Conclusion:This method showed high precision,good repeatability,stability and all of the content were separated well,so it can be useful as the means to assess the quality of Scutellaria baicalensis.

Objective To study the expression of TGF-?1 and CTGF and the prevention effects of leflunomide in diabetic nephropathy rats,and to study the mechanism of curing DN of leflunomide.Methods Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups : control group,diabetic model group,diabetes treated with leflunomide group.After being removed the right renal of rats,diabetic model was created by injecting STZ(40mg/kg),while control group received identical volum of citrate buffer solution.When the model was established,rats in the leflunomide-treated group were daily garvage of leflunomide(5mg/kg).The same capacity saline was given to control group and diabetic model group.24-hour urine volume and 24-hour urine protein were determined after eight and twelve weeks,as well as serum creatinine and urea nitrogen.The kidney sections were studied for pathological changes with light microscopy.The expression of TGF-?1 and CTGF was determined by immunohistochemistry respectively.Results With the course extending,immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the expression of TGF-?1 and CTGF increased significantly in DN group,as compared with control group,while TGF-?1 and CTGF reduced in diabetes treated with leflunomide group(P

Objective To investigate precipitants of epileptic seizure, and to explore the correlation between various precipitants and relationship between precipitants and clinical features of epilepsy.Methods Data were collected from 154 patients attending a tertiary-care epilepsy clinic of Nanjing Brain Hospital between April 2015 and April 2016.The patients with epilepsy were older than 16 years, had a clinical history of one year or more, and one seizure at least a year and one seizure at least in the latest three months.An enclosed questionnaire was combined with open interview to identify and characterize seizure precipitants and clinical characteristics of patients.Patients were asked respectively whether there were some precipitants three months before and during last three months.Correlation between seizure precipitants and relationship between precipitants and clinical characteristics, such as age, gender, course, seizure frequency and so on, were calculated.Results A total of 125 (81.2%) participants reported at least one precipitant.Common precipitants (in descending order) were as follows: emotional stress (56.0%), sleep disorder (38.4%), fatigue (27.2%), missed medication (20.0%).There were one to six different precipitants for one patient, and 60.8% of patients had two or more precipitants.There was a correlation between emotional stress and sleep disorders as well as fatigue (χ2=4.665, 8.668;P<0.05).Patients with idiopathic epilepsy were more sensitive to sleep disorders.There was no relationship between total precipitants and clinical features such as age, gender, age of onset, duration, type of seizure, seizure frequency, number of drug taking and so on.Conclusions Seizure precipitants were found widespread.The most common precipitants were found to be emotional stress, sleep disorders, fatigue and missed medication.There existed a correlation between emotional stress and sleep disorders as well as fatigue.There was no connection between total precipitants and patient′s demographic characteristics as well as clinical features.However, the type of seizure precipitants was different in patients with different demographic and clinical characteristics.

Objective To analyze the amount and allocation of pediatric healthcare resources in Chengdu,and to recommend on local pediatric healthcare resources shortages.Methods Pediatric healthcare resources data of Chengdu came from pediatric relevant data reported regularly at yearend by the counties and districts to healthcare administration of the city.Data from such reports were subject to statistics with various indexes and descriptive analysis.Analyzed in focus was the distribution in 2015 of pediatric healthcare resources of the city among medical institutions of various types,levels and properties,as well as causes for such shortage.Results Tertiary hospitals hold 62.3% of the pediatric beds and 64.2% of pediatricians,and provide around 70% of the medical workload for pediatric outpatients and inpatients,upon the majority of pediatricians with master degree and above,and senior ones of/above associate chief physician titles;Tertiary hospitals have 58.7% of the pediatric beds and 49.7% of pediatricians,yet the outpatients served by specialized hospitals were 5% above tertiary hospitals.Conclusions The imbalance and shortage in total of pediatric resources in Chengdu result from stable source of manpower supply,high professional risk exposure,low income,and long training duration among others.Such measures as a better pediatrician development system,greater incentives for pediatric development,and enhanced development pediatric service consortiums,as well as greater support for private specialized pediatric hospitals.Those measures combined can effectively alleviate the shortage of pediatric resources.

Objective:To explore the effect of radiotherapy on the FHIT protein expression and cell apoptosis of cervical squamous carcinoma and discuss the relationship between FHIT protein expression and cell apoptosis. Methods:Expression of FHIT protein was measured by immunohistochemical method and cell apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP terminal nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining in 50 cases of squamous cell cervical carcinoma at ⅡB-ⅢB stages before, during (Dt 10 Gy and Dt 30 Gy), and after radiotherapy. Results:Of the 50 patients, the positive rates of the expression of FHIT protein was 56% at Dt 10 Gy, 68% at Dt 30 Gy, and 84% after radiotherapy, which were significantly increased compared with that before radiotherapy (36%, P<0.05). The positive rates of cell apoptosis was 52% at Dt 10 Gy, 64% at Dt 30 Gy and 78% after radiotherapy, which were significantly elevated compared with that before radiotherapy (28%, P<0.05). In the process of radiotherapy, cell apoptosis was positively related to the expression of FHIT protein (P<0.05). Conclusion:Radiotherapy reinforces the expression of FHIT protein and induces apoptosis cocurrently. FHIT protein has regulatory effects in cell apoptosis induced by radiotherapy.

Objective To probe into the application of left atrial volume tracking technique(LAVT)on the evaluation of right atrial function in patients with pulmonary hypertension.Methods Forty-one patients with pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary hypertension group) and 37 control subjects (control group) were involved.Right atrial maximal volume (RAVmax),right atrial presystolic volume(RAVpre),right atrial minimal volume (RAVmax),systolic right atrial filling rate (dv/dtS),early diastolic right atrial emptying rate(dv/dtE) and late diastolic right atrial emptying rate(dv/dtA) was derived by LAVT.Right atrial passive emptying volume (RAVp),right atrial passive emptying fraction (RAVpEF),right atrial active emptying volume (RAVa),right atrial active emptying fraction (RAVaEF),right atrial total emptying volume (RAVt)and right atrial total emptying fraction (RAVtEF) was calculated.All the right atrial volume parameter was corrected by body surface area to obtain right atrial volume index (RAVI).Results RAVImax,RAVImin,RAVIpre,RAVIt,RAVIa,dv/dtS and dv/dtA in pulmonary hypertension group was higher than that in control group [(78.39 ± 49.35) ml/m2 vs.(24.80 ± 11.91) ml/m2,(62.59 ± 46.56) ml/m2vs.(17.46 ± 8.40)ml/m2,(70.12 ± 48.03) ml/m2 vs.(20.02 ± 9.46) ml/m2,(18.77 ± 11.47) ml/m2 vs.(9.35 ± 6.74) ml/m2,(8.53 ± 9.81) ml/m2 vs.(3.25 ± 3.00) ml/m2,(145.85 ± 80.56) ml/s vs.(86.44 ± 48.46) ml/s,(155.63 ±126.47) ml/s vs.(67.74 ± 33.27) ml/s],and RAVIp in pulmonary hypertension group was lower than that in control group [(6.09 ± 5.16) ml/m2 vs.(10.23 ± 11.12) ml/m2],and there were significant differences (P ＜0.05).But there were no significant differences in RAVItEF,RAVIpEF,RAVIaEF and dv/dtE between two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions In patients with pulmonary hypertension,right atrial booster pump function and reservoir function increases,while right atrial conduit function decreases.LAVT has a potential ability to evaluate right atrial function.