BACKGROUND: Blood-letting puncture on 12-well points of hand is a kind of effective emergent approaches on cerebral apoplexy. It is testified in animal experiment that bleeding on 12-well points of hand can dilate cerebral vessels, enhance blood flow in brain, improve acute anoxic state in ischemic brain tissue and relieve acid toxin due to accumulation of lactate.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects and mechanism of blood-letting puncture of 12-well points of hand nitric oxide (NO) contents and nitricoxide synthase (NOS) activity after cerebral ischemia in rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal experiment was designed.SETTING: Department of Physiology of Medical Institute of Xianning College.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Department of Physiology of Medical Institute of Xianning College from March 2003 to February 2004. Totally 84 Wistar rats were employed in the experiment, aged of 2 or 3 months, of either sex, body weighted (230±20) g and provided from Experimental Animal Center of Medical Institute of Xianning College.METHODS: Totally 84 rats were randomized into sham operation group,ischemia group and ischemia + bleeding group, 28 rats in each one. Modified Longa method [3] was applied to prepare the model of embolism of cerebral middle artery in rat. In ischemia + bleeding group, after cerebral ischemia, blood-letting puncture was applied with three-edged needle on Shaoshang (LU11), Shangyang (LI1), Zhongchong (PC9), Guanchong (TE1),Shoochong (HT9) and Shaoze (SI1) in sequence firstly on the left foreleg,and then on the right one, corresponding to the analogy of 12-well points of hand of human. One blood drop was just required. NO content and NOS activity were assayed in 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours of ischemia in brain tissue successively in each group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: NO content and NOS activity in brain tissue in each group.RESULTS: ① NO content in 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours of ischemia in ischemia group was (116.16±26.63), (118.94±24.47),(115.65±25.29) and (108.87±26.52) μmol/L successively and NOS ac tivity was (507.22±92.52), (502.08±92.52), (510.71±96.63) and (495.29-±88.41) μkat/L, which was higher significantly than the sham operation group (t=2.474-4.731, P ＜ 0.05 or 0.001). ② In ischemia + bleeding group,, NO content was (91.8±11.51), (93.55±13.88), (92.52±11.62) and (84.3±11.51) μmol/L successively and NOS activity was (337.6±88.41),(340.99±96.63), (344.48±84.3) and (337.6±90.46) μkat/L, indicating significant difference in comparison with ischemia group (t=2.199-3.507,P ＜ 0.05-0.01).CONCLUSION: Blood-letting puncture on 12-well points of hand inhibits the increased NO content and NOS activity in ischemic brain tissue and alleviates the injury of free radical to brain tissue so that the focal brain ischemia of rats is protected.

Objective To explore the use of integrated two methods in vitro in prediction of eye irritation caused by cosmetics.Method Chorioallantoic membrane vascular assay ( CAMVA), bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) and Draize rabbit eye irritation test were used to determine the predictive potential of eye irritation of 60 kinds of cosmetics.Results CAMVA method was able to distinguish 41 non-irritant samples and 18 irritant samples.BCOP method was able to predict 35 non-irritant samples , 21 mild-moderate irritant samples and 4 severe irritant samples . Combination of CAMVA and BCOP methods could obviously improve the identification ability of irritation , and the classification consistency with Draize rabbit eye irritation testing reached 98.3%.Conclusions The integrated test strategy combined BCOP with CAMVA can be used to appropriately predict ocular irritation of cosmetics , with a prediction range covering non-irritant to severe irritant samples .

Objective To research the most commonly used five method to evaluated the difficulty airway , and compare which methods were more suited for the pregnant woman in general anesthesia. Methods 214 patients with full-term pregnancy who requested emergency or elective caesarean-section were assigned. During the pre-anesthetic visit,we evaluated patients from Mallampati score, thyromental distance, body mass index (BMI), inter-incisor gap, and upper lip bite test. After endotracheal intubation ,patients were divided into 2 groups based on Cormack classification. Results Five ways sensitivity descending order were upper lip bite test (79.5%)、Mallampati score (76.9%)、BMI (56.4%)、inter-incisor gap (51.3%)、thyromental distance (35.9%); specificity descending order were upper lip bite test (93.1%)、Mallampati scores (86.3%)、inter-incisor gap (85.1%)、thyromental distance (76.6%)、BMI (62.3%). Conclusions In pregnant women ,Mallampati score and the upper lip bite test are the better indicators to predict difficult airway.

Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency ; etiology ; Tricuspid Valve Prolapse ; congenital

Air Pollution, Indoor ; statistics & numerical data ; Hong Kong ; Noise, Occupational ; statistics & numerical data ; Restaurants ; statistics & numerical data ; Temperature

Adult ; Aspergillosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Male

Xanthan gum is a microbial, natural high molecular weight polysaccharide produced by a the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris. Due to its exceptional rheological properties, its numerous areas of application cover a broad range. This review focuses on various aspects of xanthan production, properties, degradation, and application.

This article elaborated the connotation of public hospital medical insurance payment system and the importance of reform,summarizing and analyzing the practical exploration of promoting medical insurance payment system reform in the localities.Then it moved on to introduce new progress of medical insurance payment system reform abroad and the emerging mode of medical insurance payment, such as pay for performance,payment by results,and bundled payment.In the end,the authors put forward policy suggestions to improve medical insurance payment system at public hospitals in China, namely to build a modern healthcare payment system in line with the needs of medical service system.Such a system should be guided by comprehensive performance,restrained by cost budgeting, based on a diversified payment mode,and supported by information technology.In addition,it should have scientific payment standard and modern governance mechanism,and keep interactive development with commercial health insurance.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia(FNH).Methods The clinical data of 15 FNH patients proved by pathological examination were retrospectively analyzedResults Most cases of FNH were asymptomatic,and some had nonspecific symptom such as dull pain of upper abdomen.Most cases of FNH showed nodular lesion on liver imaging with isodensity or hypodensity on pre-contrast CT scan and strong enhancement during arterial phase.of the 15 FNH patients,5 eases were diagnosed by needle biopsy pathology,10 cases were diagnosed by postoperative pathology.And 10 cases underwent surgical resection(7 cages with irregular hepatectomy,1 case with resection of segment 7,2 cases with left lateral lobeetomy),2 cases underwent percutaneous transhepafic chemical ablation,3 cases underwent clinical observation.All cases were followed up,and no recurence or malignancy were found.Conclusion FNH is a kind of benign tumor of liver without specific clinical manifestation.Accurate diagnosis needs pathological examination.Surgical treatment is recommended in most cages.Close follow-up is recommended in cases without operation.

At present,the doctor-patient relationship in China is a little tense,communication between doctors and patients is not smooth,and the doctor-patient communication skills of the young doctor is obviously insufficient and need to be improved.In this paper,we analyze the factors that affect the communication between doctors and patients in the Department of Neurology through the complexity of professional knowledge,the current background and so on.In addition,we discuss multiple methods of improving communication capability among this group doctors,hoping to strengthen young physicians' clinical basic skills training,and impart doctor-patient communication skills from the linguistic modifiers,oral expression,words and deeds,use of metaphor,simulation training and other aspects,and establish dynamic assessment system of doctor-patient communication ability.