DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification mode , which plays a crucial role in gene expression , genome stability and development .DNA methylation is catalyzed and maintained in cell proliferation by the family of DNA methyltransferases.The ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes oxidize 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC).Here, we briefly describe the TET enzymes and their role in cancer , and the distribution , the role and detection method of those three oxidation products of cytosine in genome .

Adult ; Alkanesulfonic Acids ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Pemphigoid, Bullous ; chemically induced

With the rapid development of medical imaging technique, iodinated contrast media (IOCM) has become the most commonly used agent in performing imaging diagnosis and interventional therapy. The use of IOCM, especially the use of non-ionic iodine contrast media, has been swiftly increased in recent years. The accompanying untoward reactions, such as allergic reactions, cardiovascular reactions, contrast media nephropathy, thyroid toxicity, etc. prove to be the new problems that greatly perplex the medical circle. With the continuous improvement of the knowledge to the untoward reactions, more and more physicians have paid attention to contrast media induced thyroid toxicity. At present, researches concerning iodine contrast media thyroid toxicity are still few, and the relevant research is particularly rare in China. This paper aims to make a review about the influence of different kinds of iodine contrast media on thyroid function.

Aim To investigate the effects of emodin isolated from Guangxi P.multiflorum Thunb on the expression of KU70/KU80 in hypoxic nasopharyngeal cancer CNE-1 cells and reveal the relationship between radiosensitization of emodin monomer and DNA repair genes.Methods The expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1?(HIF-1?)and DNA double-strand break repair genes(KU70/KU80)between the experimental groups and the control group under hypoxic condition was detected by the real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR.Results Expression of HIF-1? was significantly increased under hypoxia condition.HIF-1? had no change after treatment with emodin alone.The expression level of KU70/KU80 was induced by radiation.Compared with radiation alone group,radiation combined hypoxia group obviously enhanced the expression of KU70/KU80.KU70/KU80 mRNA expression significantly reduced after radiation combined with emodin under hypoxic condition.Conclusion In the hypoxic environment,emodin combined with radiotherapy can effectively inhibit the expression of HIF-1 ? and DNA double-strand break repair genes(KU70/KU80),which may be its mechanism of radiosensitization.

Objective To explore the risk factors of and the influence of different hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA load on paternal vertical transmission of HBV.Methods Totally,161 HBsAg negative women,whose husband was HBsAg positive,attended the antenatal clinics of the Provincial Maternity and Child Health Hospital of Fujian from September 2007 to December 2008 and their newborns were selected,and the epidemiologic information,the duration of being a HBV carrier,the first class HBV family history of the fathers,HBV markers,HBV DNA load,HBsAb of the gravidas,the outcomes of the newborns were all collected.Cord blood was sampled after delivery for HBV DNA quantification and those with HBV DNA load ≥1.0×103 copy/ml were chosen as the case group and those ＜ 1.0×103 copy/ml as control.Results (1) Among the 161 newborns,36 HBV DNA positive cord blood samples were detected,giving a rate of 22.4% (36/161) for paternal vertical transmission of HBV.The HBV DNA positive rate in cord blood was 32.0% (23/72) in HBeAg-positive fathers and 14.6% (13/89) in HBeAg-negative fathers.(2) Univariate analysis showed that HBeAg-positive,HBV DNA positive,first class family history of HBV and the duration of being a HBV carrier of the fathers were risk factors of paternal HBV vertical transmission[X2= 6.892,29.916,29.499 and 23.821,OR = 2.7,5.2,8.3 and 1.4 (P＜0.01)].(3) Multivariate analysis found that paternal serum HBV DNA positive and the first class family history of HBV of the father side were risk factors of paternal vertical transmission of HBV (OR = 11.1,95% CI;4.6-27.1;OR = 17.1,95% CI:3.5-82.6).(4) According to the different serum HBV DNA load of the HBsAg-positive father,7 groups were divided.A dose dependent effect was found that the HBV DNA positive rate of the cord blood increased with the rising of HBV DNA load.No HBV DNA positive cord blood was detected when paternal HBV DNA load was＜1.0×104 copy/ml,while 100% of the cord blood were positive when paternal HBV DNA load≥1.0×108 copy/ml.(5) The average birth weight of the newborns in the two groups was the same (3.3±0.4) kg.And the delivery mode,gestational age at delivery,height and Apgar score of the newborns at 1 minute,neonatal pathological jaundice and other complications had no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).No relationship was found between the neonatal outcomes and the paternal HBV vertical transmission (P＞0.05).Conclusions HBV DNA load in the serum of HBsAg-positive father,and the paternal first class family history of HBV are risk factors of paternal HBV vertical transmission.When the serum HBV DNA load in HBsAg-positive father is≥1.0×107 copy/ml,the possibility of paternal vertical transmission of HBV would increase.

Objectives To explore the effects of budesonide (BUD) on airway remodeling and the levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and its expression in lung tissue of asthmatic rats. To provide a theoretical basis for the intervention and treatment of asthma. Methods Sixty healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, asthma model group and BUD treated group, 20 rats in each group. A rat asthma model was established by ovalbumin (OVA) challenging. BUD treated group was treated with inhaled BUD 1 mg/kg in 30 min per serving every other day for two weeks. After OVA challenge finished, the rats were anesthetized and sacrificed for BALF and lung tissue collection. The level of TGF-β1 in BALF was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. TGF-β1 expression and collagen deposition in the lung tissue were tested with immunohistochemical determination and Masson stain respectively. The computer image analysis system was used for measuring respiratory bronchiole smooth muscle thickness (μm) and the extent of epithelial damage score and other indicators of airway remodeling. Results Compared with that in the control group, TGF-β1 in BALF and lung tissue of asthma model group increased and were correlated significantly with the indicators of airway remodeling (P < 0.01) ;while that of BUD treated group reduced statistically significant than model group (P < 0.05). Pathology examination on asthma rat airway epithelial tissue showed the thickness of airway smooth muscle, the airway deposition of collagen in BUD treated group reduced obviously than asthma model group. Conclusions The expression of TGF-β1 in the rat asthma airway worsens the airway remodeling. The effects of BUD on ameliorating the progression of airway remodeling may be partially made by reducing the expression of TGF-β1. (J Clin Pediatr,2010,28(2):173-177)

Objective To investigate the role of acid and bile reflux in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and to evaluate the significance of detecting acid and bile reflux in diagnosing GERD in children.Methods Using ambulatory 24 h pH mo-(nitoring) and bilirubin monitoring technique, we simultaneously assessed the changes of intraesophageal pH and bile reflux in 23 subjects (including 11 healthy controls and 12 patients with GERD).Results The time of esophageal acid exposure (pH

Background and purpose: Docetaxel plus prednisone chemotherapy can improve the patients' survival for castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Angiogenesis inhibitors can also inhibit the growth of tumor. The curative effect of combined treatment is still not clear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of docetaxel plus prednisone combined with thalidomide in treating castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients with bone metastasis. Methods:A total number of 78 CRPC patients were selected in Fuzhou General Hospital from Dec. 2008 to Jun. 2015. Seventy-eight patients were divided into two groups: 40 patients in chemotherapy group (docetaxel plus prednisone) and 38 patients in combined treatment group (docetaxel plus prednisone combined with thalidomide). A total number of 78 subjects were evaluated by the effective rate, the remission rate of bone pain, the prostate specific antigen (PSA) progression-free surviv-al, the overall survival and adverse effect. Results: The response rate (65.79%) and the remission rate of bone pain (86.84%) in combined treatment group were both higher than those in chemotherapy group (40.00% and 60.00%, P<0.05). The PSA progression-free survival (4.13 months), progression-free survival (4.25 months) and the overall survival (18.06 months) in combined treatment group were all longer than those in chemotherapy group (3.54, 3.75 and 16.26 months). The PSA pro-gression-free survival was significantly longer in combined treatment group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the overall survival between two groups (P>0.05). The rates of adverse effects including peripheral neuritis and lethargy in combined treatment group (26.32% and 55.26%) were higher than those in chemotherapy group (5.00% and 17.50%, P<0.05). Conclusion: Thalidomide combined with docetaxel plus prednisone in CRPC patients with bone metastasis can prolong the PSA progression-free survival and overall survival. The adverse effects are mild. It may become a new choice of treatment for CRPC.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression and clinical significance of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1), β-catenin, and cyclin D1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues. MethodsA total of 40 HCC samples and 40 samples of corresponding para-carcinoma tissues from the patients with pathologically confirmed HCC who underwent surgery in The People′s Hospital of Guizhou from July 2013 to December 2014 were randomly selected, and 8 samples of normal liver tissues were selected as controls. The immunohistochemistry SP was used to measure the protein expression of AEG-1, β-catenin, and cyclin D1 in HCC tissues, corresponding para-carcinoma tissues, and normal liver tissues, and the correlation between their expression and HCC clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. The chi-square test or Fisher′s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups, and the Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation of AEG-1 with β-catenin, and cyclin D1 in HCC. ResultsHCC tissues and para-carcinoma tissues showed significantly higher protein expression of AEG-1, β-catenin, and cyclin D1 than normal liver tissues (χ2=7.840, 4.274, 8.817, 4.274, 9.919, and 4.850, P=0.005, 0.039, 0.003, 0.039, 0.002, and 0.028). The positive expression of AEG-1, β-catenin, and cyclin D1 showed no significant differences across the patients with different sexes, ages, HBsAg status, or tumor sizes (all P＞0.05), but showed significant differences across the patients with different degrees of pathological differentiation, TNM stages for liver cancer, and metastases (all P＜0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the protein expression of AEG-1 was positively correlated with that of β-catenin and cyclin D1 (r=0.420 and 0.741, both P＜0.01). ConclusionAEG-1, β-catenin, and cyclin D1 may play vital roles in the development and progression of HCC. AEG-1 may up-regulate the expression and activity of cyclin D1 and β-catenin and thus promote the development and metastasis of HCC. A combined measurement of AEG-1, β-catenin, and cyclin D1 can be used as an important parameter for HCC gene therapy and prognostic evaluation.

Objective To approach the changes of cytosol phospholipase A2α(cPLA2α)and nitric oxide (NO)in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and its significance. Methods One hundred patients with COPD admitted into Department of Critical Care Medicine of Affiliated Wuqing Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)Hospital of Tianjin University of TCM were enrolled,and according to the COPD severity grading standards,they were divided into mild group(25 cases),moderate group(25 cases),severe group(26 cases) and extremely severe group(24 cases);simultaneously,90 cases with normal pulmonary function who had taken health examination were chosen and assigned to the healthy control group. The cPLA2α level was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),the level of uric acid(UA),total cholesterol(TC),triacylglycerol (TG)were detected by enzymatic method,and serum NO metabolites(NOx)level was detected by nitrate reductase method. Results Compared with the healthy control group,the serum levels of cPLA2α and UA in patients with different severity of COPD were significantly increased;along with the increase of patient's COPD grade of severity,the cPLA2α,UA levels were gradually increased,while NOx level was gradually decreased in mild, moderate, severe, extremely severe groups〔cPLA2α(ng/L):125.60±8.17, 155.20±6.42, 190.20±9.32, 255.80±11.28 vs. 88.50±7.99;UA(μmol/L):381.23±32.22,434.95±87.71,464.81±52.65,487.45±82.61 vs. 241.95±52.33;NOx(μmol/L):59.90±17.52,45.60±6.17,38.20±4.08,25.70±3.04 vs. 74.90±18.31,all P<0.05〕. The differences in blood cPLA2αand serum NOx level among groups with different severity of COPD were of statistical significance(P<0.05). The levels of TC,TG among these different severity groups had no statistical significance(all P>0.05). The cPLA2αand NOx levels presented significant negative correlation(rs=-0.798,P=0.013). Conclusion The combined examination of blood cPLA2αand serum NOx levels can evaluate the severity degree of COPD patients,and cPLA2αcan be used as a new target index for COPD grading.