To investigate the gene typing, molecular characteristics of virulence and resistance associated gene of Clostridium difficile from clinical isolates in China, the genes tcdA,tcdB of toxin A and B, cdtA,cdt B of binary-toxin, and erm B of clindamycin resistance were detected by conventional PCR. Genotyping of toxic C. difficile were conducted by means of analysis of 16s-23s internal spacer region polymorphism with PCR assay. Then the antibiotic resistance of toxic C. difficile to ampiciline, clindamycin, metronidazole and vancomycin was conducted with E-test. It was found that 8 toxic C. difficile strains were demonstrated out of 12 clinical isolates, in which 5 strains were tcdA+ and tcdB+, and 3 strains tcdA- and tcdB+, accounting for 62.5% and 37.5% respectively. Binary-toxin genes detection were negative in all the strains. Clindamycin resistance associated gene ermB was positive in 4 out of 8 toxic C. difficile strains, accounting for 50%. 8 toxic isolates were typed into 4 gene types, the dominant type was ZR I,accounting for 62.5%. Resistance rate of 8 toxic C. difficile strains against ampiciline(AC), clindamycin(CM), metronidazole(MZ) and vancomycin(VA) was 37.5%,87.5%,12.5%, and 0 respectively. No isolates belonged to ribotype 027 or 078. Isolation rate of toxic C. difficile is high to 66.7%. There is obvious gene polymorphism in clinical isolates of Chinese toxic C.difficite, and ZR I is preponderant genotype in 4 genotypes. C. difficile shows some resistance to ampiciline, clindamycin, metronidazole, but susceptive to vancomycin.

Purpose To explore the methods of selectively visualizing hepatic portal vein by using three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady state acquisition combined with in-flow inversion recovery labeling pulse at 3.0 Tesla. Materials and Methods Ten healthy volunteers were examined under different TI (1200, 1400, 1600, 1800 ms), and the vessel-to-liver contrast ratio of the main portal vein, right portal vein, and left portal vein were measured. Results Non-contrast-enhanced MRA images of portal vein were obtained successfully in all ten volunteers. The signal intensity of peripheral portal branches gradually increased when TI increased from 1200 ms to 1600 ms, and the highest vessel-to-liver contrast ratio occurred when TI was 1400 ms. Conclusion Non-contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the hepatic portal vein can be successfully achieved at 3.0T high field MRI. A fixed TI of 1400 ms is preferable.

Objective To explore the influence of health education on patients with dysphgia and related complications.Methods Different methods of health education were used with 87 patients with different dysphagia conditions and their earegivers.The health education was oriented to dysphgia evaluation and appropriate functional training to improve deglutition.The severity of dysphgia and related complications were observed before and after the health education. Results Health education combined with functional training could reduce the possibility of pul-monary infection,misaspiration and malnutrition for post-stroke dysphagic patients,and the difference was statistical-ly significant. Conclusions Health educmion combined with functional training is effective in reducing the possi-bility of pulmonary infection and malnutrition and preventing misaspiration in stroke patients with dysphgia.It can help such patients regain the independent deglutition ability in the short term.

Objective To explore the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on motor function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) using meta-analysis. Methods Eight comparative studies of the effects of TMS were meta-analyzed. Results The combined studies confirmed a significant difference before and after TMS treatment. Between the experimental and control groups the effect was also highly significant. Conclusion TMS may play an active role in the rehabilitation of motor function for patients with Parkinson's disease.

As the development of rehabilitation becomes faster and faster, a lack of rehabilitation professionals appears more and more. This article gave an overview on the condition of the rehabilitation development and rehabilitation professionals, outlined the problems in re-habilitation personnel training, and referred the strategy of rehabilitation personnel training in future.

Objective:To prepare injectable interferon ?-2b(IFN-?-2b) loaded microsphere and develop a long-acting dosage form.Methods: IFN-?-2b loaded microspheres were prepared with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) as carrier material by double emulsion(w/o/w) method and solid in oil in oil(s/o/o) method separately.Physical and chemical characteristics of microspheres(mean diameter,morphology and drug entrapment efficiency) were evaluated;the in vitro release behavior and influencing factors of the microspheres were determined by micro-BCA(bicinchoninic acid) method;and IFN-?-2b stability during encapsulation and in vitro release was evaluated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electropheresis.Results: The 2 types of microspheres produced had good shape and dispersive quality and a drug entrapment efficiency of more than 80%.IFN-?-2b bulk ultrafitration can significantly influence the mean diameter and in vitro release behavior of microspheres prepared by w/o/w method.The accumulated release(within 1 month) of the microspheres prepared by both methods was significantly improved when using PLGA with lower inherent viscosity.SDS-PAGE test showed aggregation of IFN-?-2b with s/o/o method,while there was no difference between the electrophoretic behavior of bulk IFN-?-2b and IFN-?-2b in microspheres prepared by w/o/w method.Conclusion: IFN-?-2b can be encapsulated into injectable microspheres to yield a one-month continuous release by both w/o/w method and s/o/o method.

Objective To explore the protective mechanism of metformin in the process of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury induced by palmitic acid (PA). Methods HUVECs were cultured in the media of blank,PA,metformin,or PA combined metformin for 24 h,48 h,72 h respectively. Expressions of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were determined by RT-PCR and the expressions of ICAM-1,nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-?B p65) and phospho-I?B? was evaluated by Western blotting. Results Significant increase of the expressions of MCP-1 and ICAM-1 was found in PA group compared with in the control group (P

Objective To study paraquat adsorbability of different field soils in Guangxi province of China. Methods HPLC method was adopted to measure the peak area of paraquat in three different media of four types of soils. Chromatographic column was Kromasil C18 column (4. 6 mm×200 mm, 5 μm); mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (including 0. 03 mol·L-1 sodium heptanesulfonate and 0. 24 mol·L-1 phosphoric acid) at a ratio of 397 (pH adjusted to 2. 0 by triethylamine). Detection wave length was 258 nm; column temperature was 25 ℃; the injection volume was 20 μL; flow rate was 0. 8 mL·min-1 . The peak areas of paraquat before and after being adsorbed were compared to calculate the adsorption rate of paraquat in different soils. Results All tested soil samples possessed the adsorption rate of paraquat over 99. 0%. Conclusion Four common field soils in Guangxi province can be used as temporary effective absorbents for the first-aid of paraquat poisoning.

BACKGROUND:Bone nonunion is a common complication in the orthopedic treatment, and its morbidity reached 5%-10%, which results in the long-term functional disturbance of the limbs, and even disability. Autogenous iliac crest graft has been commonly used to treat bone nonunion, but some limitations stil exist.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the treatment outcomes of autogenous iliac crest graft combined with autologous bone marrow stem cel transplantation for bone nonunion after fracture surgery.
METHODS:Clinical and fol ow-up data from 69 patients with bone nonunion were analyzed retrospectively. Al patients were al otted to combination (n=37) and iliac (n=32) groups, fol owed by treated with autologous iliac crest graft combined with autologous bone marrow stem cel transplantation or autologous crest graft, respectively. Afterwards, the hospitalization time, fracture healing time, bone mineral density and Fereadez-Esteve cal us scores were detected and compared between groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The hospitalization time did not differ significantly between groups (P>0.05). The fracture healing time in the combination group was significantly shortened compared with the iliac group (P<0.05). The bone mineral density and Fereadez-Esteve callus scores in the combination group were significantly higher than those in the iliac group at 3 and 6 months after surgery (P<0.05). The excellent and good rate of the affected limb function in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the iliac group (P<0.05). These results suggest that autogenous iliac crest graft combined with autologous bone marrow stem cell transplantation for bone nonunion can accelerate fracture healing, promote porosis and improve the functional recovery of affected limbs.

Objective To explore the release and percutaneous penetration of cyclovirobuxine D patches at different concentrations in vitro. Methods The release curves of cyclovirobuxine D patch in vitro were fitted by ritger-peppas mathematical model, and the patch release mechanism was discussed according to the fitting parameters. At the same time, compared the percutaneous permeability characteristics of 0.25,0.5,1.0,2.0 mg.( cm2 )-1 of cyclovirobuxine D patch by using a modified Franz diffusion cell, with isolated rat skin serving as transdermal barrier. Results Ritger-Peppas model fitting equation for cyclovirobuxine D patch [1.00 mg.(cm2)-1]was: Mt/M=0.964 6 t1.621 6.And the percutaneous penetration curve was best fitted to Higuchi kinetics equation.The drug release rate from the patch matrix was greater than the rate of penetration through the skin, indicating the patch at the time through rat′s skin was a passive diffusion process, and transdermal process was rate-limited by skin. Conclusion Kinetics equation fitting is an effective method for analyzing drug release and permeation behavior of cyclovirobuxine D patch in vitro.