Objective: To investigate the effect of open-mouth jaw plate in the treatment of condylar fracture in children. Method: Open-mouth plates in the height of 2～3 cm were respectively made in op e n-mouth position for 12 children aged 3～6 years old with condylar fractures an d used by the children with the help of doctors or parents for 3～6 months.Follo w -up was carried out by clinical observation and X-ray radiograph.Re sults: Satisfactory results were obtained in all the patients examine d by clinical observation and X-ray radiograph. Conclusion: The method of open-mouth plate is effective in the treatment of condylar f racture in children.

Major changes and updates of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document M100-S22 for performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing were introduced in the article,which includes ( 1 ) general changes; (2) changes of drugs recommended for testing and reporting;( 3 ) changes of interpretive criteria ( breakpoints ) and comments ; ( 4 ) changes of quality control and others; and (5) changes of appendixes and glossaries.

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC)are a class of breast cancer cells that have the capacity of selfrenewal and can differentiate into different cell lineages. These cells, with the ability of high tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis, play a important role in breast cancer metastasis, recurrence and treatment resistance. The treatments targeting on breast cancer stem cells are very important for improving the efficacy of clinical therapy.

Objective To investigate the regulatory effects of bombesin on the growth of human immortalized gastric epithelial cell line(GES-1), and its mechanisms. Methods ① The expression of gastrin releasing peptide receptor(GRP-R) mRNA in GES-1 was detected. ② The expression of GRP-R protein was tested by cross-linking experiment and the location of the receptors in the cells were investigated by cytochemistry. ③GES-1 cell line was incubated with varying concentrations of bombesin with or without its antagonist and growth of the cell line was determined. ④The effect of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor on cell growth induced by bombesin was studied. ⑤After treated with bombesin, the intracellular IP 3 and translocation of PKC activity were measured in GES-1. ⑥Semiquantification of GRP-R mRNA in this cell line treated with bombesin was performed. Results ①Expression of mRNA of GRP-R was demonstrated in GES-1 cells. ②The GRP-R protein was about 75?103 as revealed by cross-linking study, and the receptors were identified on the cell membranes by cytochemistry. ③Bombesin stimulated the growth of GES-1 significantly, which could be inhibited by specific antagonist of bombesin. ④Bombesin-induced growth of GES-1 was also inhibited by PKC inhibitor. ⑤Bombesin induced an increase of IP 3 generation in GES-1 as well as remarkable translocation of PKC activity from cytoplasm to the cell membranes. ⑥An increase in GRP-R mRNA was induced by treatment of cell line with bombesin. Conclusions Bombesin stimulates the growth of this GES-1 via its receptor GRP-R and through IP 3, PKC signal pathway. The increase in expression of GRP-R mRNA in GES-1 induced by bombesin indicates that bombesin might upregulate the GRP-R in the GES-1 cells.

Objective To introduce a new method (CD-4theory) to determine the width (W) of the implant and to explain the reasons why to do so in details.Methods From January 2006 to August 2015,the authors have found and applied CD-4 theory to determine the width (W) of breast implant in dual plane Ⅰ or Ⅱ breast augmentation cases through transaxillary or periareolar incision for 630 patients.CD was defined as the curved distance on skin from the midline of the sternal bone to the anterior axillary line (AAL) on the lateral chest wall through the horizontal level on inferior mammary fold (IMF).W =CD-4.0 cm or 3.5 cm.Results The 630 patients were treated by using both round and anatomic implants with width from 10.5 cm to 12.5 cm.Their CDs were from 14.5 cm to 17 cm.78％ of the patients were followed up from 1 month to 5 years.Except for 5 patients were unilateral capsular contractions,all the other patients were satisfied with their nature new breast shapes and volumes.Their new intermammary cleavages without bras were between 1-2.5 cm and lateral borders of breast were on the area of the anterior axillary line (AAL).Conclusions Width of the implant is equal to CD-4.0 cm when doing dual plan Ⅰ or Ⅱ breast augmentation.For the very thin patient,the width should be 3.5 cm.

Objective: To examine reliability and validity of Chinese Cognitive Ability Scale (CCAS).Methods:The CCAS was administered 321 children, 275 adults, 32 patients with brain damage, and 31 children with mental retardation.Out of them, 26 children were tested with WISC-CR and 26 adults with WAIS-RC.Results: The test-retest reliability coefficients of subtests and scales ranged from 0.732 to 0.894, 0.919 to 0.960 for children, 0.859 to 0.937, 0.968 to 0.981 for adults; The reliability coefficients for children (quick coding was omitted) ranged from 0.810-0.928 (Split-half), 0.737-0.923 (Cronbach's ?) and 0.737-0.945 (generalizability) for subtests, 0.939-0.976,0.898-0.965 and 0.898-0.965 for scales; Coefficients for adults ranged from 0.829-0.948, 0.747-0.941 and 0.747-0.941 for subtests, 0.945-0.979, 0.915-0.967 and 0.915-0.967 for scales; The CCAS IQs were high correlated with WAIS-RC IQs (VIQ=0.775,PIQ=0.621,FIQ=0.724) and WISC-CR IQs (VIQ=0.888,PIQ=0.779,FIQ=0.886) , the CCAS VIQ, PIQ, and FIQ were 5.3,9.2,and 7.8 points less than WAIS-RC, and 2.0,7.2,and 5.0 points less than WISC-CR; Comparing with normal groups, mean IQs of brain damaged adults(VIQ=80.50,PIQ=80.59,FIQ=78.91) and mental retardation children(VIQ=43.68,PIQ=49.77,FIQ=44.06)were much lower.Conclusion: The Chinese Cognitive Ability Scale has excellent retest stability, internal consistency reliability, convergent and discriminant validity.

Crohn disease (CD) is a relatively infrequent disease in China. CD and intestinal tuberculosis (IT) are lack of specific clinical manifestations and are generally identified by endoscopic and histological examination. However, it is sometimes difficulty to distinguish them by endoscopy and histology. Their characteristics were investigated to offer more evidences and data for their differential diagnosis. The records of inpatients were reviewed from 1980～2001 in our hospital, all enrolled subjects were verified by endoscopy(or operation) and histology. The characteristics and key points of differential diagnosis of 28 CD cases and 14 IT cases were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that abdominal pain, mass, and hematochezia occurred more significantly in CD than in IT ﹙ P

The informatization of traditional Chinese medicine resources is the basis of modern medicine. With a spatial attribute traditional Chinese medicine resources could be carried out for in-depth spatial analysis, data mining and traditional Chinese medicine resources regional industrial layout. In this paper, we took the data of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in the third national Chinese medicine resources survey as the experimental data, described the principles and structure of traditional Chinese medicine resources spatial information database. We also described the establishment of analysis model with the help of this spatial database.
Data Mining ; Databases, Factual ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

As an important member of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR), metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) plays an important role in the signal transduction of central nervous system. Selective mGluR1 antagonists can block the signaling pathway activated by mGluR1 and exert a series of physiological actions including analgesia, antianxiety, antidepression, etc. Currently, the discovery and modification of selective mGluR1 antagonists have become a hot research focus. This paper reviews the structural catalogs of selective mGluR1 antagonists and their structure-activity relationships in the last decade.

A poly( GMA-EGDMA) coated SPME fiber was prepared using an in-situ polymerization by direct bonding to the surface of a polydopamine-modified stainless steel wire. Then the fiber was modified by sulfuric acid. A novel solid phase microextraction coating coupled to high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) method based on the as-prepared fiber was developed for the determination of four pharmaceuticals and personal care products ( PPCPs) in water samples. The influences of extraction parameters, including pH, extraction time, extraction temperature and salt addition were investigated. 3 mL water sample was extracted by the as-prepared fiber for 60 min at 30 ℃, and then desorbed with mobile phase for 30 min, respectively. Desorption solution was analyzed by HPLC-DAD ( diode array detection ) . The results indicated that the extraction yield of the fiber was good for four PPCPs. The linear correlation coefficients were>0. 997 with the linear range of 2-200 μg/L. The limits of detection (S/N=3) were 0. 5-5 μg/L with RSD (n=5) of 4. 1%-11. 9%. The recoveries of four PPCPs at spiked level of 20, 50, 100 μg/L were within the range of 70. 6%-105. 5%. The results showed that this method was easy, green, accurate and precise, and could be used to assay the four PPCPs in real water samples.