Ultrasound, as a mechanical wave with frequencies > 20 kHz, needs an elastic medium to transmit energy, and it can safely penetrate into the tissues without significant attenuation. Sonodynamic therapy is a new noninvasive therapy based on ultrasound, and it mainly uses low-intensity ultrasound to activate sonosensitizers to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species to kill cells. Compared with photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy overcomes the limitation of low penetration depth of light for deep tumors. In addition, sonodynamic therapy can be combined with photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and gas therapy for synergistic therapy of tumors. This review aims to discuss the latest development of sonodynamic therapy in the field of tumor treatment.

Objective To discuss the surgical treatment of spinal injury, and provide insights on key points and related issues for operations. Methods Two hundred and five cases of spinal fracture were treated through posterior surgical treatment. Under C-arm X-ray monitoring, surgeries had been operated on pedicle screws insertion, vertebral canal decompression, over-extending reduction position, and placed the connecting rod, knocked in the bone graft and finally transplanted the paraspinal bone. Results After operations , the height and morphology of vertebral bodies and spinal physiological curvature were basically recovered analyzed by X ray examination. The follow-up results (in the average of 14 to 36 months) indicated that there were 4 cases of delayed infection, 7 cases of loosen screw, 6 cases of broken screw (14 screws)and 1 case of broken stick, with no secondary nerve injury or other syndromes. Conclusion The vertebral pedicle screw internal fixation manipulated easily, which could sufficiently enlarge vertebral canal in order to decompression. In addition, during the operation, together with over-extending reduction position is beneficial to regain the height of fractured vertebral bodies.

SCHWABE Company in German is the first and largest manufacturer of Ginkgo biloba preparation. The company not only has leading technology in this field, but also protects its own market effectively through the high quality of patent drafting and exactly patent layout. Based on multi-angle analysis for patent portfolio of G. biloba preparation at application time, legal status, globally layout, Chinese layout, the article provides technical reference of research and development of G. biloba, also provides valuable experience of traditonal Chinese medicine patent portfolio layout for Chinese enterprises.
Drug Industry ; economics ; legislation & jurisprudence ; trends ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Humans ; Patents as Topic ; legislation & jurisprudence ; Phytotherapy ; economics ; trends ; Plant Preparations ; isolation & purification ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; trends

Objective To evaluate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitor factor (MiF) and cyclinD1 in pancreatic carcinoma and their relationships with clinical pathology characteristics. Methods The expression of MIF and eyclinD1 in 89 carcinoma and 5 normal pancreatic tissues was detected with immunohis-tochemistry methods, and the relationships among MIF and cyclinD1 expression and clinicopathological factors were studied. Results The overexpression of MIF and cyclinD1 was found in 88.8%, and 50. 6% of pancre-atic carcinoma tissues respectively. The overexpression of MIF had a significant correlation with Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ tumor stage (69. 2%, 94. 7%, 96. 4%, 100%, P <0.05), while the positive expression rate of cyclinD1 only had a significant correlation with tumor stages Ⅲ,Ⅳ (33. 3%, 68. 8%, P <0. 05). Both of the two proteins had a correlative tendency with pathological grade and lymph node metastasis. The different expression of MIF between pancreatic carcinoma with and without liver metastasis had no statistical significance, (100% ,85.9%, P >0. 05)while there was a statistically significant difference about cyclinD1 (66. 7% ,46. 5% ,P <0. 05). A significant positive correlation was also found between MIF and cyclinD1 (P < 0. 05). Conclusion The ex-pression of MIF and CyclinD1 was higher in pancreatic cancer tissues than in normal tissue, and they may be associated with the malignant stage, tumor differentiation, local lymph node and liver metastasis of this tumor.

Animals ; Concanavalin A ; adverse effects ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Interleukin-18 ; blood ; immunology ; pharmacology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

Glioblastoma is a malignant tumor in central nervous system, which has strong invasion, poor prognosis and short survival time. At present, the main treatment strategy of glioblastoma is surgical excision, supplemented by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However, due to incomplete resection and high recurrence rate, it is urgent to find novel therapeutic method for glioblastoma. Photodynamic therapy, as a promising non-surgical treatment, provides a new strategy for postoperative adjuvant therapy of glioblastoma. This review summarizes the mechanism and clinical application of photodynamic therapy mediated by various photosensitizers in glioblastoma, in order to provide help for the treatment of glioblastoma.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the detection of humen-lung-specific X protein (LUNX) gene in micrometastases of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: The expression of LUNX gene in tumor tissue, lung and lymph nodes was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) both in 43 non-small-cell lung cancer patients (the experimental group) and 15 lung benign patients (the control group). LUNX mRNA expression in clinic pathology,stage of cancer cell differentiation, clinic stage, age, sex, smoking history, and 4 lung cancer blood markers (CEA,CA125,NSE, and CYFRA211) were evaluated. RESULTS: The expression of LUNX gene was positive in the 2 groups. LUNX gene expression was positive in 33 of the 87 lymph nodes of the 43 patients in the experimental group (37.93%), and in 2 of the 26 lymph nodes in the control group (7.69%). The LUNX mRNA positive in the lymph nodes was closely related to the pathological type, cancer cell differentiation and clinic stage(r=0.660,0.500,0.460; P=0.011,0.017,0.022, all P<0.05), while not closely related to age, sex, smoking history and 4 lung cancer blood markers (CEA,CA125, NSE, and CYFRA211) (r=0.111, 0.135,0.083,0.354; P=0.739,0.714,0.773,0.125,all P>0.05). CONCLUSION The LUNX mRNA expression detected by RT-PCR is more sensitive than by traditional ways. The expression of LUNX gene mRNA in the lymph nodes is a valuable index for the detection of micrometastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Glycoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymph Nodes ; metabolism ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphoproteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of electric acupuncture (EA) on the Nogo receptors (NgR) protein expression in the cerebral cortex, the medulla oblongata, and the spinal cord of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rats (RHRSP) with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) at different time points, and to investigate its possible mechanisms for remote-organ injury of acute cerebral infarction (ACI).

METHODSThe RHRSP model was duplicated in male SPF grade SD rats. Then the MCAO model was prepared by a thread stringing method. Rats were divided into the hypertension group,the sham-operation group, the MCAO group, the EA group, and the sham-acupoint group by random number table method, 60 in each group. Rats in the MCAO group only received MCAO reperfusion treatment. Those in the sham-operation group only received surgical trauma. Baihui (DU20) and Dazhui (DU14) were needled in the EA group, once daily for a total of 28 days.The needles were acupunctured at the skin one cun distant from Baihui (DU20) and Dazhui (DU14) and then the same EA treatment was performed in the sham-acupoint group. At day 1, 7, 14, 28 after treatment, six rats were executed from each group, and their right cortex and medulla oblongata, and the left spinal cord were isolated. The infarct volume was detected by Nissl's staining method. The NgR expression was detect by Western blot.

RESULTS(1) In the cortex area: compared with the hypertension group,the NgR expression increased in the MCAO group at day 1,7,14,and 28 after MCAO (P < 0.05). Compared with the MCAO group, the NgR expression of the EA group and the sham-acupoint group were equivalent at 1 day af ter MCAO (P > 0.05). At day 7, 14,and 28 after MCAO, the NgR expression decreased in the EA group (P < 0.05), it was quite similar to that in the sham-acupoint group (P > 0.05). (2) In the medulla oblongata area: compared with the hypertension group, the NgR expression was equivalent in the sham-operation group. the MCAO group,the EA group, and the sham-acupoint group at 1 day after MCAO (P > 0.05). At day 7.14, and 28 after MCAO, the NgR expression increased in the MCAO group (P < 0.05). Compared with the MCAO group,the NgR expression decreased in the EA group at day 7, 14, and 28 after MCAO (P < 0.05), whereas it was similar in the sham-acupoint group (P > 0.05). (3) In the spinal cord area: compared with the hypertension group, the NgR expression was equivalent in the sham-operation group, the MCAO group,the EA group, and the sham-acupoint group at day 1 and 7 after MCAO (P > 0.05). At day 14 and 28 after MCAO, the NgR expression increased in the MCAO group (P < 0.05). Compared with the MCAO group, the NgR expression decreased in the EA group at day 14 and 28 after MCAO (P < 0.05), whereas it was equivalent in the sham-acupoint group (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIncreased NgR expression in the cerebral cortex, the medulla oblongata, and the spinal cord of cerebral infarct rats was an important reason for involving remote-organ injury of ACI. The protective effect of EA on hypertensive I/R cerebral injury rats might be closely related to down-regulating central nervous system myelin growth inhibition mediated factors Nogo-A receptor NgR protein expression.

Animals ; Cerebral Infarction ; metabolism ; therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroacupuncture ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; metabolism ; Hypertension, Renal ; metabolism ; therapy ; Male ; Medulla Oblongata ; metabolism ; Myelin Proteins ; metabolism ; Nogo Receptor 1 ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism

Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of preoperative chemoradiotherapy or postoperative adjutant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.Methods The clinical data of 76 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer from 2011 to 2016 in Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital were retrospectively analysed.A total of 30 cases received preoperative chemoradiotherapy (group A),5 of them received concurrent chemoradiotherapy combined with bevacizumab target treatment.The other 46 cases (group B) were given post-operative adjutant chemoradiotherapy.Both group A and group B were treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT).The chemoradiotherapy regime was as follows:the median of target volume dose was 50.4 Gy (45.0-55.8 Gy);the median of chemotherapy sessions was 26 times (24-28 times).Capecitabine tablets (825 mg/m2,twice a day) were also given on the date of chemotherapy.The clinical data and follow-up results of all patients were compared between the two groups.Results The five-year disease free survival rates of group A and group B were 66.7％ and 57.7％,respectively;and the five-year overall survival rates of group A and group B were 81.8％ and 73.0％,respectively,no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (P=0.599,0.489).The anus-preserving rates of patients with tumor below peritoneal reflection in group A and group B were 56.52％ and 25.00％,there was statistically significant difference (P=0.045).In the group A,86.6 ％ patients resulted in down-staging,including 3 cases with complete pathologic response.Conclusion Preoperative chemotherapy could down tumor stage and improve rates of anal preservation and local control without increasing possibility of postoperative complications.Preoperative chemotherapy in combination with bevacizumab target treatment may be more effective in lowering tumor stage.

The aim of the present study was to study the effect of β-estradiol (β-E(2)) on the large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated potassium (BK(Ca)) channel in mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The mesenteric arteries were obtained from post-menopause female patients with abdominal surgery, and the SMCs were isolated from the arteries using an enzymatic disassociation. According to the sources, the SMCs were divided into non-hypertension (NH) and essential hypertension (EH) groups. Single channel patch clamp technique was used to investigate the effect of β-E(2) and ICI 182780 (a specific blocker of estrogen receptor) on BK(Ca) in the SMCs. The results showed the opening of BK(Ca) in the SMCs was voltage and calcium dependent, and could be blocked by IbTX. β-E(2) (100 μmol/L) significantly increased open probability (Po) of BK(Ca) in both NH and EH groups. After β-E(2) treatment, NH group showed higher Po of BK(Ca) compared with EH group. ICI 182780 could inhibit the activating effect of β-E(2) on BK(Ca) in no matter NH or EH groups. These results suggest β-E(2) activates BK(Ca) in mesenteric artery SMCs from post-menopause women via estrogen receptor, but hypertension may decline the activating effect of β-E(2) on BK(Ca).
Aged ; Estradiol ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; agonists ; metabolism ; physiology ; Mesenteric Arteries ; metabolism ; physiology ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Postmenopause ; physiology ; Receptors, Estrogen ; antagonists & inhibitors