OBJECTIVETo analyze the efficacy and medication principles of Professor Xu Fu-songs traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) protocols for male diseases.

METHODSWe reviewed and descriptively analyzed the unpublished complete medical records of 100 male cases treated by Professor Xu Fu-song with his TCM protocols from 1978 to 1992.

RESULTSThe 100 cases involved 32 male diseases, most of which were difficult and complicated cases. The drug compliance was 95%. Each prescription was made up of 14 traditional Chinese drugs on average. The cure rate was 32% , and the effective rate was 85%. Professor Xu Fu-song advanced and proved some new theories and therapeutic methods.

CONCLUSIONProfessor Xu Fu-song's TCM protocols can be applied to a wide range of male diseases, mostly complicated, and are characterized by accurate differentiation of symptoms and signs, high drug compliance, and excellent therapeutic efficacy.

Objective To study the TCM syndrome distribution and the laws of blood pressure variability in patients with primary hypertension.Methods Totally 443 patients with primary hypertension were selected; four diagnostic data were collected to conduct syndrome differentiation (main syndrome was chosen for compound syndrome); 24 h ambulatory blood pressure was monitored and blood pressure variability of each syndrome was compared.Results Among 443 cases of patients, liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome (157 cases) > qi yin deficiency syndrome (83 cases) > yang deficiency syndrome (76 cases) > phlegm dampness syndrome (65 cases) > liver yang hyperactivity syndrome (62 cases). There was statistical significance in ages of different syndromes, but there was no statistical significance in gender, family history and course of disease (P>0.05). Compared with liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome, 24 h systolic blood pressure and 24 h mean blood pressure of phlegm dampness syndrome were significantly different (P<0.05); circadian rhythm abnormality rates of liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome, liver yang hyperactivity syndrome, qi yin deficiency syndrome, phlegm dampness syndrome and yang deficiency syndrome were 80.85% (38/47), 66.67% (14/21) ,81.48% (22/27), 86.96% (20/23), and 78.79% (26/33), respectively, without statistical significance in different syndromes (χ2=3.031,P=0.553).Conclusion Among the 443 hypertensive patients, patients with liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome were the most, and patients with liveryang hyperactivity syndrome were the least. Phlegm dampness syndrome has the highest blood pressure, while liveryang hyperactivity syndrome has the lowest blood pressure. Patients with liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome are with the highest blood pressure variability, while patients with qi yin deficiency syndrome are with the lowest blood pressure variability.

Objective To investigate the application of sympathetic skin response (SSR) in evaluation of the bladder sensation with fillingcystometry (FC). Methods 15 healthy male adults accepted FC and FC-SSR. Their first desire to void capability (FDC), maximum cystometriccapacity (MCC) and FDC/MCC under FC and FC-SSR were compared. Results The FDC was (193.8±36.9) ml and FDC/MCC was(58.9±8.03) with FC, which was less than (233.9±30.3) ml and (69.4±2.92) respectively with FC-SSR (P<0.01). Conclusion FC-SSR maybe a stable method for examination the function of bladder sensation.

Despite its clinical importance, the underlying central mechanisms of pruritic behaviors are poorly understood. To investigate the role of nociceptive arcuate nucleus neurons in chloroquine-induced pruritic behaviors in mice, we tested the effect of arcuate nucleus neurons and interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) on itch produced by intradermal injection of chloroquine in the nape of the neck. Our results provide several lines of evidence for an important role of nociceptive arcuate nucleus neurons in chloroquine-induced pruritic behavior: (1) Intradermal microinjection of chloroquine resulted in a dramatic increase in itch behaviors accompanied by the activation of c-Fos positive neurons in arcuate nucleus; (2) Microinjection of chloroquine significantly increased IBAT temperature in the mice. These findings suggested that chloroquine-induced pruritic behaviors were associated with the activity of nociceptive arcuate nucleus neurons.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of renal protective effect of rosiglitazone on diabetic rat kidney. Methods Eighteen rats were assigned to normal control(C) group,diabetic rat(DM) group, rosiglitazone(5 mg?kg-1?d-1)treatment(R) group.Immunohistochemistry,RT PCR,Western blot were used to examine the pathological change of kidney and expression of PPAR?、TGF ?1 after 8 weeks in the kidney of rats. Results In comparison with normal group, the expression of PPAR?and TGF ?1 in diabetic rat and treatment groups was markedly increased(P

BackgroundMouse has been used in laboratory studies as the model of ocular diseases.Electroretinogram (ERG)is a non-invasive method for primary examination to evaluate retinal function.Though flash ERG has been widely applied in the mouse ocular disease model for the functional assessment of the retinal outer layer,pattern ERG(PERG) is seldom used for inner retinal evaluation.ObjeetiveThe present experimental study was to investigate the recording parameters and method,wave characteristics of PERG and influencing factors in mouse,and to build the foundation for further research.Methods Thirty C57BL/6 mice aged 6 weeks old were included in this research.RETLport ( Roland Consult,Germany) was adopted for the recording of PERG.The positive needle electrode was placed in the cornea,and the reference and earth electrodes were placed under the derma in the cheek and tail.The PERG under different temporal frequencies (0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 Hz),and special frequencies (0.05,0.10,0.20 cpd) were recorded in a photopic environment,and different contrast ratio (95％ and 99％ ) of stimulator or different transmission bands ( 1-100 Hz,5-30 Hz) in the same temporal frequency and spatial frequency were regulated to analyze the influence on mouse PERG.The use of animals was in compliance to the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by the State Science and Technology Commission.ResultsThe latency of N1 PERG showed a negative N1wave at around 37 ms and positive P wave at about 86 ms in adult mice.The amplitude of N1-P was 2-6 μV.Different spatial frequency,temporal frequency and contrast can affect the final results,and the different temporal frequencies were statistically significant.The wave was stable and the amplitude was unaffected at 5-30 Hz transmission bands with pronounced interference (mean amplitude of N1-P waves were(3.40±0.71),(5.08±0.88),(3.21±1.54),(3.85±1.96)μV in 0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 Hz,F=7.43,P=0.00).ConclusionsPERG wave from adult mouse is similar to that from human.It is a useful method in evaluating the inner retinal function.Appropriate stimulating parameters are critical for recording.

To study the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome type and the ultrasound imaging changes in patients with limb lymphedema, and to provide evidence for TCM syndrome differentiation.

Objective To explore the relationship between preoperative plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardiac valve replacement (CVR) combined with radiofrequency ablation.Methods Fifty-eight patients with AF undergoing CVR combined with radiofrequency modified Maze procedure were enrolled in this study.The patients were allocated to either AF recurrence group (AF group,18 cases) or AF no recurrence group (SR group,40 cases) according to whether patient's AF recurrence or not within 3 months after surgery.NT-proBNP were respectively measured in two groups in 1st day before operation and 9th day after operation by radioimmunoassay.Results All the 58 patients were involved in the final analysis.NT-proBNP levels in 1st day before operation and 9th day after operation in AF group was significantly higher than that in SR group (2061.30 ng/L vs.579.00 ng/L,996.60 ng/L vs.209.20 ng/L,P＜ 0.01 ).NT-proBNP levels in 1st day before operation in two groups was significantly higher than that in 9th day after operation (P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions There is a good relationship between preoperative plasma NT-proBNP levels and recurrence of AF.It has a clinical value in predicting of recurrence AF after CVR combined with radiofrequency modified Maze procedure.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, with high morbidity and mortality, as well as poor prognosis in China and worldwide. Despite the recent advances in surgery, irradiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy, the curative effect of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in advanced cancer patients is unsatisfactory, and the five-year survival rate of patients remains low. Immunotherapeutic approaches, such as checkpoint inhibitors, active vaccination, and adoptive vaccination, have been given in-creasing attention for the treatment of patients with NSCLC. Results of phase I clinical trials show a higher remission rate, and the out-comes of phases II and III clinical trials are under exploration. This review provides an overview of the latest advances and challenges in immunotherapy for NSCLC.

Objective:To investigate the inhibitory effect of Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) on vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation and the relevant mechanism. Methods:CD34-PAS dual staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect and analyze the re-lationship between VM existence and Dkk1 expression in 217 human colon cancer tissue samples;three dimensional (3D) culture was used to detect the influence of Dkk1 on tube structure formation and on VE-cadherin expression;a subcutaneous mouse xenograft mod-el was made to further validate the inhibitory role of Dkk1 on VM formation in vivo. Results:VM-positive samples indicated a lower expression of Dkk1(P<0.05);colon cancer cells with Dkk1 overexpression exhibited a decreased ability to form tube-like structure and a decreased expression of VE-cadherin;Dkk1 inhibited the VM-formation abilities of human colorectal carcinoma cell line xenograft tu-mor tissue. Conclusion:Dkk1 inhibits the VM formation of colon cancer.