Tumor immune microenvironment is an important microecology for tumor development, where tumor-associated macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment, with high plasticity and heterogeneity. Under the regulation of various environmental factors, tumor-associated macrophages can differentiate into different subgroups. Though complex and variable, all these environmental factors ultimately regulate tumor-associated macrophages by influencing the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of these cells’ internal components, structure, and functions. Mitochondrion are important organelles, responsible for energy production, metabolism, and centers of multiple signal transduction. More and more studies have found that mitochondria can regulate cell functions through various mechanisms such as morphological change, metabolic reprogramming, intermediate metabolites or mitochondrial genetic material. Mitochondrial disorders are involved in many diseases and pathological processes. Here, we review the mechanisms by which mitochondria regulate the polarization of macrophages and thus reshape the tumor immune microenvironment. Further, we discuss and prospect the current status of macrophage mitochondria-related tumor immunotherapy.

OBJECTIVETo analyze treatment and prognostic factors of 74 patients with dermatofibro-sarcoma protuberans (DFSP).

METHODSFrom August 1990 to November 1999, 74 patients with DFSP confirmed pathologically were treated. There were 52 males and 22 females with a median age of 37 years (range 4 to 80 years) on diagnosis. Seventeen patients were treated by extensive excision and 2 by limited excision. Fifty-two patients had surgical resection alone (S), and 22 postoperative radiotherapy (S + R) of 50-70 Gy. The multivariate parameters were analyzed using Cox model. Kaplan-Meier and Log-Rank test were used to evaluate the results of the recurrence-free survival.

RESULTSThe rate of recurrence was 28.4% for all patients. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rate (RFSR) was 66.6% and the 10-year RFSR was 52.5%. The 5-year and 10-year in the S group were 58.4% and 41.2%, compared with 90.0% and 83.3% in the S + R group (P < 0.05). The 5-year and 10-year RFSR in the pathologically positive margin group were 57.5% and 41.4% respectively, compared with the 75.0% and 56.6% in the pathologically negative group (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis suggested radiotherapy and negative pathological margins were favorable prognostic factors.

CONCLUSIONPost-operation radiotherapy and pathological margin are the independent prognostic factors.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Dermatofibrosarcoma ; mortality ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Postoperative Care ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Neoplasms ; mortality ; radiotherapy ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo compare the diagnostic value of barium enema (BE), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in primary colorectal carcinoma.

METHODSA total of 64 patients with suspected colorectal carcinoma received BE (n=39), spiral CT (n=31) and MRI (n=42). The detective results were compared with the surgical results.

RESULTSAmong 64 patients, 54 cases were pathologically proved as colorectal carcinoma. The diagnostic sensitivity of BE,CT and MRI was 96.9% ,96.2% and 97.1% ,and the overall accuracy was 92.3% 83.9 % and 90.5% respectively. The overall accuracy of CT and MRI for tumor T staging was 73.1% and 82.9% respectively.

CONCLUSIONBE can be considered as a primary approach for diagnosing colorectal carcinoma, CT and MRI be necessary diagnostic approaches. Combined BE with MRI is the best choice for diagnosing of colorectal carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Barium Sulfate ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Enema ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of Pro12Ala variant in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its clinical characteristics.

METHODSThe genotypes of Pro12Ala variant in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms assay in 401 unrelated subjects of the Han population in the southern part of China (including 180 subjects with normal glucose tolerance and 221 type 2 diabetic patients). The clinical data were also analyzed.

RESULTSThe allele frequencies in the case and control groups were 96.15%,96.11% for P and 3.85%, 3.89% for A; the genotype frequencies were 92.77%, 92.22% for PP, 6.78%, 7.78% for PA and 0.45%, 0 for AA. The Pro12Ala variant of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 was not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. The Pro12Ala polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 in diabetes patients was associated with increased waist circumference and waist to hip ratio. The Pro12Ala polymorphism in Chinese population was similar to that in Japanese population and was different from that in European and American population.

CONCLUSIONThe above data showed that the Pro12Ala variant of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 was not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes, but it could be associated with abdominal obesity in type 2 diabetes. The significant difference of Pro12Ala of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 among various races was observed.

Adult ; Alanine ; genetics ; Alleles ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Body Constitution ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Insulin ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proline ; genetics ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; genetics ; Transcription Factors ; genetics ; Triglycerides ; blood

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is a rare, distinct subtype of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, possessing an aggressive course and poor prognosis with no standard therapy. Twelve patients who have failed at least two initial CHOP or CHOP-like regimens were enrolled in this study and treated with individualized cyclosporine (CsA), prednisone (PDN), and monthly, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (HDIVIG). The dose of CsA was adjusted individually based on the blood trough concentration of CsA and renal function. All patients were examined for response, toxicity and survival. The most significant toxicities (≥ grade 2) were infection (16.7%), renal insufficiency (8.3%), hypertension (8.3%), diabetes (8.3%) and insomnia (16.7%). Discontinuation of treatment occurred in one patient (8.3%) due to grade 3 renal toxicity and subsequent grade 4 pulmonary infection. Treatment-related death was not observed. The overall response rate was 75.0% (complete response, 33.3%; partial response, 41.7%). With a median follow-up of 25.5 months, the median duration of response was 20 months (range, 12 to 49 months) and the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 25.5 months (range, 10 to 56 months). The 2-year PFS rate was 81.5%. Our findings indicate the combination of CsA, PDN and HDIVIG is an effective salvage regimen for refractory or relapsed AITL with predictable and manageable toxicity.
Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Disease-Free Survival ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prednisolone ; therapeutic use ; Remission Induction ; Salvage Therapy ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use

【Objective】 To compare clinical outcomes between bipolar umbilical cord coagulation(BCC) and radiofrequency ablation(RFA) after selective fetal reduction in monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy. 【Methods】 We retrospectively analyzed all cases of monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies who received selective fetal reduction in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 2009 to 2019. Patient underwent regular antenatal care during the whole pregnancy and finally delivered in our hospital. The impact of basic conditions of the patients, different methods of reduction, gestational weeks of delivery and other factors on the final pregnancy outcomes and neonatal outcomes were studied. The data were analyzed by SPSS20.0. 【Results】 The frequency of tightening feeling of the lower abdomen of RFA group and BCC group after surgery were 65.0% and 61.5%, respectively(P > 0.05). The symptom was relieved after symptomatic treatment. In addition, time of surgery and the hospitalization days were not statistically different between the two groups. The median gestational age at delivery of the RFA group was 36^6/7(26^4/7 ~ 40^6/7) weeks, which was later than 32^4/7 (29^0/7~37^4/7) weeks of the BCC group, without statistical significance(P > 0.05). The proportion of patients who delivered before 37^0/7 weeks in the BCC group was higher than that in the RFA group(100% vs. 62.5%, P = 0.024). In the neonatal outcomes, the rate of low birth weight infants in the BCC group was greater than that in the RFA group(92.31% vs. 52.5%, P = 0.025), but the differences in the rate of very low birth weight infants and the rate of small for gestational age infant were not statistically significant(both P values are greater than 0.05). The rate of neonatal transfer pediatrics or intensive care unit in the BCC group was greater than that of the RFA group(84.62% vs. 30%, P = 0.001). In a multivariate analysis of the effects on neonatal outcomes, multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the association between different indicators and the incidence of low birth weight infants. The results showed that gestational weeks < 27^0/7 weeks was a risk factor for low birth weight infant(OR = 2.091, 95% CI, 0.312 to 14.162, P = 0.032) . 【Conclusions】 The effects of RFA and BCC on the pregnancy outcome and neonatal outcome are different. We should consider various factors when we choose individualized method of pregnancy reduction.

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells in the treatment of central nervous system leukemia (CNSL). Methods: Two leukemia patients with CNSL were treated with CD19-CAR-T cells. The process and results of the entire treatment is reported and related literature review is conducted. Results: The patients were diagnosed as acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-M(2) with B lymphoid antigen expression and B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL) by morphology and immunophenotype assay. The immunophenotype was consistent with the abnormal manifestations of AML-M(2) and B-ALL. Their clinical manifestations and laboratory tests met the diagnostic criteria of CNSL. The diagnosis was clear and the two patients were treated with CD19-CAR-T cell immunotherapy. Central nervous system symptoms were relieved. The imaging abnormalities of patient one has disappeared but cytokines release syndrome (CRS) occurred during the treatment. Cerebrospinal fluid of patient two was negative and no obvious CRS reaction was found. Conclusions: CAR-T cell immunotherapy is likely to induce the remission of CNSL and improve the prognosis.
Antigens, CD19 ; Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen ; T-Lymphocytes

【Objective】To analyze the risk factors of progression to end-stage renal disease（ESRD）in patients with diabetic kidney disease（DKD），and screen the high-risk population for early prevention.【Methods】The clinical data of 231 patients with diabetic nephropathy in our hospital were collected and followed up for 3 years. According to whether ESRD occurred，they were divided into non-progressing ESRD group（133 cases）and ESRD group（98 cases）. Classification tree model was used to analyze the risk factors related to ESRD，and the high-risk population was screened by node gain analysis.【Results】Four important explanatory variables were screened out by the classification tree model from the candi⁃ date variables related to early renal damage，including apolipoprotein B（ApoB），gender，diabetic retinopathy，systemic blood pressure（SBP）. ApoB level was an important factor for DKD progression. For DKD patients with the chronic kidney disease （CKD）3~4 stageswith ApoB> 1.14 mmol/L，theprobabilityofprogression toESRDfor 3 yearswas 75.0 %，and ifat the same time with diabetic retinopathy，the probability was 79.7 %.【Conclusion】The classification tree model can analyze the risk factors of progression to ESRD in DKD patients effectively，to identify the characteristics of high-risk populations.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into myocytes and their expression of dystrophin/utrophin after transplantation in mdx mice.

METHODSBrdU-labeled fifth-passage rat MSCs were transplanted in mdx mice with previous total body gamma irradiation (7 Gy). At 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after the transplantation, the mice were sacrificed to detect dystrophin/BrdU and utrophin expressions in the gastrocnemius muscle using immunofluorescence assay, RT-PCR and Western blotting. Five normal C57 BL/6 mice and 5 mdx mice served as the positive and negative controls, respectively.

RESULTSFour weeks after MSC transplantation, less than 1% of the muscle fibers of the mdx mice expressed dystrophin, which increased to 15% at 16 weeks. Donor-derived nuclei were detected in both single and clusters of dystrophin-positive fibers. Some BrdU-positive nuclei were centrally located, and some peripherally within myofibers. Utrophin expression decreased over time after transplantation.

CONCLUSIONThe myofibers of mdx mice with MSC transplantation express dystrophin, which is derived partially from the transplanted MSCs. Dystrophin expression from the transplanted MSCs partially inhibits the upregulation of utrophin in mdx mouse muscle, showing a complementary relation between them.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Dystrophin ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Inbred mdx ; metabolism ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ; cytology ; metabolism ; Muscular Dystrophy, Animal ; metabolism ; therapy ; Rats ; Utrophin ; metabolism

Adult ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; metabolism ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1 ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction