BACKGROUND: To avoid acute rejection,it is necessary to use imunosuppressive drug regimen for long term to control immune state.However,imunosuppressive drug regimen of allogenic organ transplantation increases infection incidence of recipients,and induction of allograft immunological tolerance might be an ideal method for solving these problems.The long-term immunologic tolerance has been able to be induced in the experimental rodent models.Among these protocols,donor bone marrow cell (DBMC) infusion exerts an important role in the induction of allograft immunological tolerance.OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of combination of cyclosporine A (CsA) with DBMC infusion on heterotopic rat cardiac allograft survival time.DESIDN: A randomized controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Renal Disease Center,First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejing University School of Medicine.MATERIALS: This study was performed at the Laboratory Animal Center,Zhejiang University School of Medicine between March 2002 and December 2005.Inbred male Lewis rats (n=40,serving as donors) and male BN rats (n=60,serving as recipients) of SPF grade were used in this study.The protocol was approved by the Hospital's Ethic's Committee.METHODS: Forty rats prepared for heterotopic rat cardiac allograft were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 10 rats in each: control group,in which,rats received no treatment,CsA group,in which,rats received CsA infusion for 7 days successively; CsA +DBMC group,in which,rats received DBMCs during and 6 days after the surgery and additional 7 successive days of CsA infusion,and a DBMC group,in which,rats received DBMCs infusion during and 6 days after the surgery.In addition,BN rats that received beterotopic rat cardiac allograft served BN controls.The survival time of heteroropic rat cardiac allograft was investigated.Serum interleukin-2 level and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA expression level in the transplanted cardiac allograft were measured. The percentage of antigen presenting cells (APC) from donor,CD3+CD25+ cells,CD4+CD25+ cells,CD86+ cells,and the ratio for CD4+CD45RC+ and CD4+CD45RC- in the recipient peripheral blood karyocytes were measured by flow cytometry 6,12 and 18 days after surgery.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The survival time of beteruropic rat cardiac allograft,serum interleukin-2 (IL-2)level,tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) rnRNA expression level, rejection grading,the percentage of DBMCs in the recipient peripheral blood karyocytes,CD3+CD25+ cells,and CD4+CD25+ cells,as well as CD86 expression,and the ratio for CD4+CD45RC+ and CD4+CD45RC.RESULTS: Forty Lewis male rats and sixty male BN rats were all included in the final analysis. The heterotopic rat cardiac allograft survival time was longer in the CsA +DBMC group than in the control group and DBMC group (P ＜ 0.05). Serum IL-2 level and TNF- α mRNA expression were respectively lower in the CsA +DBMC group than in the control group and DBMC group ( P ＜ 0.05).The rejection was milder in the CsA +DBMC group than in the remaining 3 transplantation groups.In the CsA +DBMC group,CD 86 expression in the recipient peripheral blood karyocytes was markedly inhibited,and 6 and 12 days after surgery,the ratio for CD4+CD45RC+ and CD4+CD45RC- and the percentage of CD3+CD25+ were respectively lower compared to control group and DBMC group.DBMCs in the recipient peripheral blood karyocytes were more in rats that received DBMC infusion compared to rats that received no BDMC infusion.CONCLUSION: Short-term CsA treatment combined with DBMC infusion can lower acute rejection of heterotopic rat cardiac allograft and prolongssurvival time of cardiac allograft.

Objective To explore the phenomenon of gene silence of SLC5A8 in breast cancer.Methods Thirty-two patients suffered with breast cancer,hospitalized from June 2014 to June 2015 in affiliated hospital of Hebei university,were collected with the cancer tissue and normal specimen.Real-time quantitative PCR method was used to detect SLC5A8 gene transcription.Paired t-test and-test were used to anaylsed the results.Results Twenty cases of breast cancer tissues (62.5％) have no SLC5A8 gene transcription product,normal breast tissue adjacent to carcinoma specimens that had no product gene transcription was only five (12.5％).SLC5A8 inactivation rate of cancer tissue was significantly higher than normal tissue adjacent to carcinoma (P ＜ 0.05).The SLC5A8 mRNA transcription level of cancer tissue was significantly lower than the normal (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion SLC5A8 gene transcription silence is the important events in the process of breast cancer occurrence and development.

Abstract: Due to the continued emergence of multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2, the ongoing pandemic has resulted in severe mortality over the past two years. After the Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta variants, the most recent new variant of concern (VOC) strain to emerge is Omicron (B.1.1.529), which evolved as a result of the accumulation of a large number of mutations. The Omicron variant, which has a much higher transmission rate than the Delta variant, soon replaced the Delta variant and others, is now the dominant variant worldwide. The emergence of Omicron poses new challenges for the prevention and control of COVID-19 and has raised a number of concerns worldwide. Recently, cases of Omicron infection have been reported in several parts of China, and therefore this paper provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of the epidemiology and immune escape mechanisms of the Omicron variant. We also suggest some therapeutic strategies against the Omicron variant, including rapid diagnosis, genome analysis of emerging variants, ramping up of vaccination drives and receiving booster doses, updating the available vaccines, designing of multivalent vaccines able to generate hybrid immunity, up-gradation of medical facilities and strict implementation of adequate prevention and control measures need to be given high priority to handle the on-going COVID-19 pandemic successfully.

BACKGROUND: Revascularization of trachea following trachea transplantation needs to be solved.OBJECTIVE: To explore the empirical methods of allogeneil graft of long-segment trachea and its revascularization.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The animal observation experiment was performed at the Department of Chest Surgery, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital between June 2007 and June 2008.MATERIALS: Totally 20 healthy, New Zealand rabbits, were provided by animal center of Medical School of Shandong University. Additional 10 rabbits were used as donors, and 10 rabbits were served as recipients.METHODS: The mucosa and smooth muscle in trachea of donor rabbits was removed, and the anular ligaments were shear opened or intensive drilling to obtain tracheal cartilage scaffold with fissure or mesh. A jejunum with vascular pedicle was harvested from recipient rabbits, which was longer than tracheal cartilage scaffold. The cartilages rings were wrapped with greater omentum. Finally, the constructed simulating trachea was replaced in the abdominal cavity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Growth of retina and tracheal cartilage.RESULTS: Abdominal cavity of recipient rabbit was opened after 2 weeks, and it was observed with gross observation and pathological section: There was no collapse in the lumens of tracheal allografts with good elasticity tracheal wall. The blood of omentum and intestinalmucosa that wrapped tracheal allograft was circulating well; and there was no cellular necrosis and merging in xenogenic cartilagines tracheales. CONCLUSION: The study fulfilled the stage one reconstruction and revascularization of tracheal allograft in abdominal cavity of recipient. Stenopeic tracheal stand wrapped with pedicled omentum and intestinalmucosa of recipient made allograft not restricted by length, which is critical to revascularization of long-segment trachea.

Objective To evaluate a method of the finger reconstruction with second toe in primary operation. Methods Six patients with Ⅲ-Ⅳ° defect of fingers received the reconstructive transplantationusing the second toe. A triangular flap plastic surgery was also performed at the "pulp" and "neck" of the second toe for the reconstruction. Results Finger reconstruction and local triangle skin all survived. Five patients were followed from 8 months to 15 months, the shape of the reconstructed finger got a good looking. Pulp sensory recovery was good, 2-PD reached 8-10 mm. The patients were satisfied. Conclusion local triangle skin flap transfer and finger reconstruction in primary operation is a good method to improve the shape of reconstructed finger, which avoid the shape defect in enlargement pulp and narrow hand palm. The clinical outcomes are satisfying.

Objective To explore the clinical value of guide-wire shaping in subclavian vein catheter-ization.Methods Totally 400 patients requiring right subclavian vein catheterization were equally divided into two groups according to the clinic date: intervention group ( with guide-wire shaping , n =200 ) and control group (without guide-wire shaping, n=200).The catheterization was carried out by the same doctor .The rates of ectopic wire were compared between the two groups .Results The overall success rate of catheteriza-tion was 98.25%(393/400) [98.5% (197/200) in intervention group and 98.0% (196/200) in control group, P=0.500].The incidence of catheter displacement was 1.02%(2/197) in intervention group, which was significantly lower than that [7.14% (14/196)] in control group (P=0.002).Conclusion As a sim-ple procedure , guide-wire shaping can effectively prevent catheter displacement during catheterization .

Objective To examine the neural basis of item memory and source memory with fMRI approach.Methods Eight male and eight female healthy fight-handed native Chinese speakers were involved in this study.The item memory and source memory task were conducted with 504 highly frequent Chinese double-character words in the Block-designed experiment.Participants underwent such a double- round procedure as fMRI scanning following study.The fMRI data collected from a GE 1.5T MRI system were analyzed to generate corresponding activation maps for females and males respectively(P20)using statistical parametric mapping software(SPM).Results For females,item memory task activated the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6,the number of activated voxel clusters was 62 or 11 in the left and the right,respectively),source memory more activated the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6/46,the number was 59).For males,item memory activated the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6/46,the number was 64),source memory activated the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6,9 and 40 in the left and the right).Conclusion On the neural basis of item or source memory,there exists dissociation,which is that right dorsolateral prefrontal areas are more activated by item memory while left dorsolateral prefrontal areas by source memory.For the difference of gender,it is suggested that left dorsolateral prefrontal areas(BA6/46)are more activated in females while right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(BA6/46)more in males.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and safety of embedding the totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) via the access of right brachiocephalic vein (BCV).Methods The clinical data of 493 patients,who underwent the placement of TIVAP by using right BCV route during the period from March 2013 to December 2015,were retrospectively analyzed.The patients included 137 males and 356 females,with a mean age of (47.3±13.2) years old (ranging from 29 to 78 years old).The puncture success rate and TIVAP indwelling procedure-related complications were analyzed.Results The technical success rate was 100％,the success rate of initial puncturing was 99％ (488/493).The mean operation time was (22.5± 8.3) minutes (range of 18-35 minutes).Mis-puncturing of artery happened in 3 patients (0.61％,3/493);and no severe complications such as hemothorax or pneumothorax occurred.After implantation,the patients carried TIVAP for 124-986 days,with a mean of (271.1±53.8) days.The incidence of complications was 2.25％ (11/488),including hemorrhage at port site (n=2),catheter-related infection (n=l),partial thrombosis (n=2),and formation of fibrous protein sheath (n=6).No serious complications such as displacement or rupture of catheter,or catheter pinch-off syndrome (POS),etc.were observed.Conclusion The implantation of TIVAP by using right BCV route has high puncturing success rate,the technique is safe and reliable,and it can provide another option of catheter access for the clinical performance of TIVAP implantation.

BACKGROUND: Compared with the traditional organic fluorescent dyes, quantum dots present good biomarker characteristics. Especially, quantum dots for cell labeling and targeted bioimaging present unique optical properties.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with mononuclear macrophages.METHODS: The macrophages RAW264.7 were inoculated into 96-well plates containing 0, 50, 100 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dots for 1 or 2 hours. Then, the fluorescent signal was detected by flow cytometry. After 0-24 hours of culture,the fluorescence signal intensity of the macrophages cultured with 50 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dots was detected by flow cytometry. After 18 hours of culture, quantitative PCR was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β in macrophages, and macrophage proliferation cell apoptosis were detected by MTT and flow cytometry,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The fluorescence signal intensity was positively correlated with the mass concentration of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, and the intensity of the fluorescent signal was increased with the labeling time. After labeling using 50 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dots, the fluorescence signal of macrophages increased continuously with time, and reached the peak at 18 hours. Compared with 0 mg/L quantum dot group, 50, 100mg/L quantum dot groups could significantly promote the expression of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β in macrophages (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05).The level of tumor necrosis factor α in the 100 mg/L quantum dot group was higher than that in the 50 mg/L quantum dot group (P < 0.01). The expression of interleukin-1β showed no difference between 50 and 100 mg/L quantum dot groups.The cell proliferation in the 50 and 100 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dot groups was significantly higher than that in the 0 mg/L quantum dot group (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the former two groups. In addition, 50 and 100 mg/L CdSe/ZnS quantum dots had no significant effect on apoptosis of macrophages. To conclude, CdSe/ZnS quantum dots could activate macrophages and promote their proliferation and secretion of inflammatory factors, but did not affect their apoptosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells after acute spinal cord half cut-off in rats. MethodsThe differences of proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells between injured group and intervention group were compared. ResultsThere were remarkable differences between injured group and intervention group. ConclusionHBO can promote the proliferation and differentiation of the neural stem cells in rats after spine cord injury.