Objective To observe the effect of hypertonic saline complex solution (hypertonic saline plus hydroxyethyl starch,HSH) on patients with severe cerebral trauma,high intracranial pressure and shock by the measurement of the changes of the mean arterial pressure (MAP),central venous pressure (CVP) and intracranial pressure (ICP),as well as GOS score changes followed up for 6 months,in order to determine the value of HSH treatment in severe cerebral trauma,intracranial hypertension and shock.Methods Sixty patients with severe brain injury and uncorrected hemorrhagic shock were selected,while the degree of coma was assessed by using GCS score,and shock severity was estimated by using the shock index (SI) score.The patients were randomly divided into HSH group (n =30) and mannitol group (MT group,n =30).Thirty minutes,60 min and 120 min after administration either solution,The changes of MAP,CVP and ICP were observed in two groups,and all patients were followed up for 6 months to observe the outcomes of patients.Results There were no statistically significant differences in age,gender,GCS score,SI scores,and other medication between two groups (P ＞ 0.05),and they were comparable between two groups.After resuscitation of patients in two groups,MAP and CVP were elevated,but the effect of HSH appeared sooner and higher within 30 minutes [MAP (63.1 ± 8.8) mmHg vs.(51.0-9.3) mmHg] (P ＜ 0.05);At the same time,ICP dropped more than 10％ lower [ICP (27.3 ± 5.9) mmHg vs.(32.8 ± 4.1) mmHg] (P ＜0.05),while the effect of MT appeared more slowly in hemodynamic improvement;at 120 min,the increase in MAP and reduction in ICP in HSH group were more significant than those in MT group [MAP (65.9 ± 13.2) mmHg vs.(60.4 ±7.2) mmHg] (P ＜0.01);the ICP [(22.2 ±4.7) mmHg vs.(28.1 ±6.1) mmHg] (P ＜ 0.01).Followed up for 6 months,good recovery rate in HSH group was higher and poor recovery rate was lower than those in MT group.Conclusions In patients with acute intracranial hypertension and uncorrected hemorrhagic shock,the employment of hypertonic saline plus hydroxyethyl starch solution can produce faster and more effective therapy for shock and reduce intracranial pressure,improving the long-term neurological function of patients.

Fomentation engineering is one of the modern biotechnologies. It has been intensively studied and widely applied in edible fungi. Based on the review of research history of liquid fermentation for edible fungi, the research status of liquid fermentation about edible fungi were summarized, and its application prospects on edible fungi production of our country were described in this paper.

Objective To study the effect of a novel injectable scaffold material chitosan- beta-TCP combining bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on repairing bone defect of goat. Methods The model of the studies was 12ram diameter circular hole tibia bone defect of goat. 30 Chinese goats were raudomly divided into 5 groups: blank group: nothing was embeded in bone defect; simple material group: the material embeded in bone defect was chitosan-beta-TCP; PRP group: the material was chitesan-beta-TCP combining PRP; MSCs group: the material was chitosan-beta-TCP combining MSCs; PRP/MSCs group:the material was chitosan-beta-TCP combining MSCs and PRP. At 4,8 weeks after operation, the samples were observed, histological and image analysis were used to evaluate the effect of bone regeneration. Results At 8 weeks, the surface of bone defect zone of PRP/MSCs group were coverd by continuous new bones, like normal bone. Histological slice showed the esteoid at boundary of normal bone of MSCs/PRP group obviously increased compare to other groups at the 4th or 8th week after operation respectively. The new bone tissues of bone defect were punctiform or lamellar new bone tissues, in which the proportion of big lamellar new bone tissue obviously increased. Image analysis showed that the areas of balnk group, simple material group, PRP group, MSCs group, PRP/MSCs group were 8.79±3.63,14.49± 3.72,24.18 ± 5.38,24.42 ± 5.10,31.10 ± 3.49 at 4 weeks and 15.41 ± 4.21,25.36 ± 5.37,30.71 ± 4.39, 33.97 ± 4.45,48.60 ± 5.97 at 8 weeks respectively. The effect of bone regeneration of PRP/MSCs group was better than other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion The injectable tissue-engineering bone constructed with chitosan-beta-TCP, MSCs and PRP possesses good ability on repairing bone defect.

Objective To investigate the risk factors and prognosis on the post-resuscitation multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR).Methods Clinical data of 53 patients who were suffered with cardiac arrest(CA) and undergone successful CPR with return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC) were analyzed. Results There were 48 patients accompanied with MODS(90.6%),and among them,35 patients died in hospital(66.0%).All the 10 patients with CPR interval ≥6min were accompanied with MODS and they died in hospital.There were 43 patients who underwent CA immediately and of them,38 patients were accompanied with MODS.The incidence and mortality of MODS in the patients with CA-ROSC interval 0.05).Conclusion The risk factors such as ROSC interval ≥6 min,AC-ROSC interval ≥10min and the SIRS after ROSC are significantly associated with the incidence of MODS.The organic function of the patients should be evaluated promptly.

Objective To analyze the manifestation,reason,the processing method of the steel wire implantation with the sereotactic mammography to improve the accuracy of the preoperative positioning.Methods Seventy-nine cases which got the stereotactic steel wire implantation.In 96 lesions, 13 had steel wire displacement.Among them,5 cases got steel wire displacement during the sereotactic process,5 cases got steel wire displacement after the stereotactic process,2 cases got steel wire displacement during the operation,one case did not show the calcification on the postoperative radiography.Results The steel wire displacement occurred in 5 cases during the stereotactic process came from the patients and doctors respectively and the repositioning was needed.The steel wire displacement after the stereoscopic positioning was attributed to the overdose injection of local anesthesia,which led to the mismatch between the depth of Z axis of the mammary gland and the actual depth the computer given,the incorrect method for needle placement,and,neglecting whether the steel wire have got the lesion anchored when pulling out the needle set of steel wire hood,besides,these three kinds of instances above were all exaggerated by the accordion effect.For the displacement within 2 cm,the lesion can be excised toward the pathological change direction according to the position that steel wire prompted and re-place the second steel wire,putting the J-shaped steel wire into the needle hood and taking it out of the body.After repositioning,2 cases had the steel wire prolapse during operation,which resulted from the over-lifting of the steel wire.After placing the steel wire, the radiologist should give an accurate description on the depth and direction to the surgeon and the notch should be taken for incision from the steel wire head end which is proximate to skin.The postoperative specimen from one case had no calcification,which might be related to the condition that the calcification was located in the gland body,which got destruction from the surgical electrical electrotome.The excisionscope should be extended and the short term reexamination is recommended to make sure the complete excision of the calcification.Conclusion It is the gold standard method that implanting the steel wire with the stereotactic mammography to guide the surgical dissecting technique to diagnose non-palpable breast lesion(NPBL).Thorough understanding of the displacement manifestation of implanting steel wire with stereotactic technique and the treatment methods will be helpful in the surgical dissecting guidance.

Tumor necrosis factor(TNF-alpha) plays an improtant role in the process of anti-infection and anti-cancer. It can both protect and make damage to the host. In order to find new way of inhibiting its host-damaging activity, An E. coli flagella displayed random peptide library was constructed and TNF-alpha antagonist peptides were screened using the peptide library. After 5 rounds of panning and DNA sequencing, six peptide sequences were obtained. Two of them(TBP2, TBP3) have the same sequence frame of V--N-WG. After primary comparation of TNF-alpha binding ability, four peptides were synthesised and purified with RP-HPLC. The activity of inhibiting TNF-alpha was detected with L929 cell and MTT method. The data show that TBP2 and TBP3 can inhibit 90% of TNF-alpha activity when TNF-alpha gives about 30% cell toxicity on L929. The two sequences have not been reported.
Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Peptide Library ; Peptides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; antagonists & inhibitors

To study the association between penetration enhancement effect of essential oils and drug properties of traditional Chinese medicines. Through literature research, 34 kinds of essential oils with the penetration enhancement effect were collected. The methods of frequency analysis and variable crosstab were used for intuitive analysis and association analysis. The association between penetration enhancement effect of essential oils and drug properties (four natures, five flavors, channel tropism) were analyzed by a general linear model. According to the findings, the essential oils with penetration enhancement effect were all sourced from acrid traditional Chinese medicines, because their positive drug nature contributed to the enhancement of the penetration effect of essential oil; five flavors had little effect on penetration enhancement (P = 0.6982), but four natures and channel tropism showed significant effects (P = 0.011, 0.077). In conclusion, there were obvious association and regularity between penetration enhancement effect of essential oils and drug properties of traditional Chinese medicine.
Data Mining ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Permeability ; Skin ; metabolism

Sixteen goats with fractures of right femur received cortical bone plates allografts on both the sides of femurs. The right allograft strut endured the stimulation of physiological stress, and the left allograft strut did not. Groups of goats were sacrificed and specimens were procured at 3, 6, 12, and 24 week after surgery for histology observation and image analysis of the vessels after Chinese ink perfusion, the rate of bone porosity, the integrated optical density (IOD) of tetracycline fluorescence labeling and new bone formation were investigated in order to evaluate the incorporation of the allograft strut. The allograft strut revascularized at 6 weeks after surgery in the fracture group, but at 3 weeks in the control group. The rate of area of vessels after Chinese ink perfusion, the rate of bone porosity, the integrated optical density (IOD) of tetracycline fluorescence labeling and new bone formation in the fracture group were worse than control from 3 weeks to 6 weeks, but the observed and measured values were better in the fracture group than in the control group beyond 6 weeks after surgery (P < 0.05). The stimulation of stress would be harmful to the allograft strut if the strut endured the stress at an earlier period postoperation. Yet, it would be beneficial to the revascularization, new bone formation, substitution, and internal re-building on the strut provided that the extremity was immobilized for 6 weeks; and if the cortical graft endured the stimulation of physiological stress from 6 weeks postoperation till cancellous conjunction between the ends of fractures, the revascularization on the allograft strut and the bone conjunction between partially allograft strut and host would be faciliated.
Allografts ; Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Plates ; Bone Transplantation ; Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; physiology ; Goats

This study was aimed to create strontium-calcium sulfate compounds for making a new bioactive material with osteoconductive and osteoinduceable activity for bone repairing. Its mechanics and degradation features were assessed in vitro. Powders of alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (alpha-CSH) and SrCl2 were mixed completely to make Sr-calcium sulfate compounds materials with 6 different concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%) of Sr. Scanning electron microscope was used to observe the configuration of the new materials. The compressive strength of each material was tested. The materials were soaked into simulated body fluid (SBF) to test the features of degradation, which included pH, weight loss, declination of compressive strength and the changes of strontium ion concentration. The crystal appearances were influenced by incorporating of strontium. The compressive strength of non-strontium incorporating calcium sulfate was 36.65 +/- 2.22 MPa. When the concentration of strontium was increasing, the compressive strength measurements of the materials tended to decline. The compressive strength declined to 20.56 +/- 2.64 MPa when the strontium concentration reached to 2%. The pH value of the SBF declined when the time of degradation increased, but both of them were very stable. All of the materials got weight loss after being soaked in SBF for several weeks. The weight loss was slight within 4 weeks and it became dramatic after 4 weeks. When the concentration of strontium was increasing, the weight loss became more rapid and significant (P<0.05). During 0-4 weeks' degradation in SBF, the materials' compressive strength decreased much slower when the strontium concentration was below 0.5%; however, when the decrement of strength became faster, the strontium concentration became higher. The concentration of strontium ion in SBF began to increase faster after 4 weeks' soaking in SBF. As the concentration of strontium was increasing, the strontium ion concentration in SBF became higher (P = 0.000). The new compound materials made by the mixing of alpha-calcium sulfate hemihydrate and SrCl2 can provide efficient compressive strength. The features of degradation of the materials are very stable. The new materials can release lots of bone inducible substance-strontium ions to repair bone defection after 4 weeks of degradation.
Bone Substitutes ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Calcium Sulfate ; chemistry ; Compressive Strength ; Humans ; Osteogenesis ; Strontium ; chemistry

AIMTo investigate the pharmacokinetics of mycophenolic acid (MPA), an active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in Chinese adult liver transplant patients.

METHODSThirty-eight liver transplant patients (male 30, female 8) receiving MMF 1.0 g, twice daily in accordance with the recommended regimen were included in this study. Plasma MPA concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h after the administration of a single dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with 3P97 software.

RESULTSThe plasma MPA concentration-time curve was characterized with an early sharp peak reached at 0.5 - 6.0 h after oral administration. And in some patients there was a small second peak due to enterohepatic circulation of mycophenolic acid glucuronide (MPAG), which underwent deglucuronidation and re-absorption as MPA at 4 to 12 h postdose. The mean peak plasma concentration (C(max)) and area under concentration-time curve (AUC(0-12 h)) were (12 +/- 7) microg x mL(-1) and (44 +/- 16) microg x h x mL(-1), respectively. However, a large variability of pharmacokinetic parameters existed in these patients.

CONCLUSIONIn view of the inter-individual variability of MMF pharmacokinetics, plasma MPA concentration should be monitored routinely after MMF administration for individual patient.

Adult ; Aged ; Area Under Curve ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; pharmacokinetics ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycophenolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics