Objective To investigate the clinical characteristic and risk factors of corticosteriod-induced ocular hypertension after vitreoretinal surgery.Methods Retrospective analysis was made based on the clinical data of 866 patients,including 126 corticosteriod-induced ocular hypertension(89 male,37 female,age range 9-70 years old) after vitreoretinal surgery during May 2002 to May 2005.Results All cases used glucocorticoid locally or systemically.Multi-variance logistic analysis showed that male,complicated vitreoretinal surgery,longer hospital stay,therapeutic duration with glucocorticoid,cataracta were the independent predictive factors,while myopia,hypertension,diabetes were not closely related to corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension.Conclusion The incidence of corticosteriod-induced ocular hypertension after vitreoretinal surgery was 14.55%.The important factor leading to ocular hypertension is long-term application of glucocorticoid.

Objective To study immunoresponse of SD rats to different dosages of Nogo66 vaccine,and then select the best vaccination concentration.Methods Nogo-66 peptide vaccine plus complete and imcomplete Freund's adjuvant were prepared in concentrations of 50?g/300?l,100?g/300?l,200?g/300?l,400?g/300?l and 800?g/300?l.The vaccines of different concentrations were used to immunize SD rats weekly for 8 weeks,and either complete or imcomplete Freund's adjuvant alone was used as control.Blood was drawn from caudal vein of rats weekly after the first immunization,and the titer of serum special IgG antibody was measured by ELISA.Two animals of every group were sacrificed every four weeks,and the spleens were harvested,and erythrocytes were removed with hypotonic saline.The proliferation rate of the cultured spleen T cells was determined with MTT.Meanwhile the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE) was evaluated for all experimental animals.Results The antibody titer of serum specific IgG of all experimental groups elevated quickly since the 4th week after vaccination,and reached the top value at the 8th week,and it then kept stable for 10 weeks.The IgG antibody titer in 200?g/300?l group was significant higher than that in other experimental groups(P

Objective To study the safety and effectiveness of anterior chamber paracentesis,combined with antiglaucomatous medications,in the intraocular pressure control and relief of symptoms of acute primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG).Methods Totally 327 patients with first attack of acute PACG who were admitted in our hospital during July 2000 and October 2006 were collected in this study,and were divided into 2 groups according to whether receiving anterior chamber paracentesis or not(paracentesis group and control).Their clinical data such as sex,age,intraocular pressure(IOP) and visual acuity before hospitalization,types and times of administration of IOP drugs before and after operation,preparative time for operation and postoperative complications were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were 94 out of 327 patients receiving anterior chamber paracentesis,who had faster intraocular pressure control(2.37?1.63 d vs 2.75?2.01 d),and lesser types and dosages and shorter times of IOP drugs,shorter therapeutic time after paracentesis,shorter time to prepare operation,lesser postoperative complications [shallow anterior chamber,12 cases(12.77%) vs 57 cases(24.46%)] and better visual acuity than control.Anterior chamber paracentesis more than one time didn't increase the risk of complications.Conclusion Anterior chamber paracentesis is safe and effective in controlling the intraocular pressure and eliminating symptoms in acute PACG.

Objective To study the effects of PIAS3 knocking down on the proliferation,cell cycle and apoptosis of human prostate cancer cell line DU145 in vitro.Methods PIAS3 specific short hairpin RNA(shRNA) expressing plasmid was constructed and named pSilencer4.1/PIAS3.DU145 cells were transfected with pSilencer4.1/PIAS3.The proliferation of DU145 cells was analyzed by MTT assay.Cell cycle and apoptosis of DU145 cells were analyzed by flowcytometry.Results PIAS3 shRNA expressing plasmid was succefully constructed and then confirmed by sequencing.Expression of PIAS3 in DU145 was significantly reduced after pSilencer4.1/PIAS3 transfection.MTT assay showned accelerated proliferation after PIAS3 knocking down,and showned dose-effect curve.Flowcytometry showed cells in S phase increased,cells in G0/G1 decreased and percentage of apoptotic cells decreased after PIAS3 knocking down.Conclusion Knocking down of PIAS3 expression accelerates DU145 cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the characteristics of vertical cast-off bloodstain pattern by different hitting-tools. METHODS: The regular hitting tools, a kitchen knife, a dirk, a plane set-hammer and an iron pipe, were selected. At a distance of 30 cm away from the wall, the hitting tool with 5 mL fresh chicken blood made the cast-off bloodstain from top to bottom. Then the holistic distribution characteristics (length, width and density) of cast-off bloodstain and morphology characteristics (length, width and contact angle) of first single cast-off bloodstain were analyzed. RESULTS: The distribution length of cast-off bloodstain formed by dirk was minimum (P < 0.05). The distribution width of cast-off bloodstain formed by kitchen knife was minimum (P < 0.05). Except the pair of kitchen knife and plane set-hammer, the distribution density between each two tools had statistical differences (P < 0.05). The length of first single cast-off bloodstain formed by plane set-hammer was longest compared (P < 0.05). The width of first single cast-off bloodstain had statistical differences between kitchen knife and plane set-hammer, and between dirk and plane set-hammer (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The type of hitting tool could be inferred by the specific characteristics of cast-off bloodstain pattern formed by every specific type of hitting tool in crime scene.
Blood Stains ; Computer Simulation ; Crime ; Forensic Ballistics/methods* ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo investigate the intra-vaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) of varicocele patients, the influence of spermatic vein ligation on IELT, and the relationship of Visual Analogue Score (VAS) with IELT.

METHODSWe selected 112 males who had regular sexual life after spermatic vein ligation and conducted follow-up visits for 6 months. According to preoperative IELT, we divided the patients into an IELT < or = 2 min group and an IELT > 2 min group, and compared their IELT, VAS and Chinese Index of Sexual Function for Premature Ejaculation-5 (CIPE-5) scores before and 6 months after operation.

RESULTSFollow-up was accomplished in 81 of the patients, 18 in the IELT < or = 2 min group and 63 in the IELT >2 min group. Compared with the baseline, IELT was significantly prolonged postoperatively in both the IELT < or = 2 min group ([1.26 +/- 0.37] vs [4.53 +/- 1.69] min, P < 0.01) and the IELT >2 min group ([5.14 +/- 2.03] vs [7.69 +/- 4.51] min, P < 0.05); the postoperative CIPE-5 scores were remarkably improved in the former (11.27 +/- 3.52 vs 15.64 +/- 2.37, P < 0.05) but insignificantly in the latter group (20.42 +/- 4.65 vs 21.83 +/- 5.49, P > 0.05); the postoperative grades of the CIPE-5 scores showed significant differences in both groups (chi2 = 6.353, P = 0.042 and chi2 = 3.910, P = 0.048); the postoperative VAS was markedly increased (3.18 +/- 0.92 vs 1.56 +/- 0.83 and 3.24 +/- 0.95 vs 1.74 +/- 0.79, P < 0.05), with significant differences in the grades of VAS in both groups (chi2 = 4.433, P = 0.035 and chi2 = 10.088, P = 0.001). The variation of VAS was negatively correlated with that of IELT in both groups (r = -0.572, P < 0.01 and r = -0.465, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONVaricocele may be one of the causes of premature ejaculation, and some of the varicocele patients with IELT < or = 2 min may benefit from spermatic vein ligation. Improved VAS is negatively correlated with prolonged IELT. The relationship between varicocele and premature ejaculation deserves further studies.

Adult ; Ejaculation ; physiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligation ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Varicocele ; surgery ; Young Adult

Good medicinal herbs, good drugs. Good evaluation method and indices are the prerequisite of good medicinal herbs. However, there exist numerous indices for quality evaluation and control in Chinese medicinal materials. However, most of these indices are non-interrelated each other, as well as having little relationship with efficiency and safety. The results of different evaluatior methods may not be consistent, even contradictory. Considering the complex material properties of Chinese medicinal materials, single method and index is difficult to objectively and comprehensively reflect the quality. Therefore, it is essential to explore the integrated evaluation methods. In this paper, oriented by the integrated evaluation strategies for traditional Chinese medicine quality, a new method called integrated quality index (IQI) by the integration of empirical evaluation, chemical evaluation, and biological evaluation was proposed. In addition, a study case of hypertoxic herb Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. was provided to explain this method in detail. The results suggested that in the view of specifications, the average weight of Jiangyou aconite was the greatest, followed by Weishan aconite, Butuo aconite, Hanzhong aconite, and Anxian aconite; from the point of chemical components, Jiangyou aconite had the characteristic with strong efficacy and weak toxicity, next was Hanzhong aconite, Butuo aconite, Weishan aconite, and Anxian aconite; taking toxicity price as the index, Hanzhong aconite and Jiangyou aconite have the lower toxicity, while Butuo aconite, Weishan aconite, and Anxian aconite have the relatively higher one. After the normalization and integration of evaluation results, we calculated the IQI value of Jiangyou aconite, Hanzhong aconite, Butuo aconite, Weishan aconite, and Anxian aconite were 0.842 +/- 0.091, 0.597 +/- 0.047, 0.442 +/- 0.033, 0.454 +/- 0.038, 0.170 +/- 0.021, respectively. The quality of Jiangyou aconite is significantly better than the others (P < 0.05) followed by Hanzhong aconite, which is consistent with the traditional understanding of genuineness. It can be concluded that IQI achieves the integrated control and evaluation for the quality of Chinese medicinal materials, and it is an exploration for building the good medicinal herbs standards. In addition, IQI provides technical supports for the geoherbalism evaluation, selective breeding, the development of precision decoction pieces, high quality and favourable price in market circulation, and rational drug use.
Aconitum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards

Puerariae Lobatae Radix, also known as Gegen, is a root derived from Pueraria lobata. Based on field investigation and the developmental anatomy of root tuber, we have elucidated the relationship between the growth of root tuber and the anomalous structure. The results of analysis showed that the root system of P. lobata was developed from seed and adventitious root and there existed root tuber, adventitious root and conductive root according to morphology and function. The root tuber was developed from adventitious root, its secondary structure conformed to the secondary structure of dicotyledon's root. With the development of root, the secondary phloem of root tuber appeared abnormal vascular tissue, which was distributed like ring in the outside of secondary vascular tissue. The root tuber might have 4-6 concentric circular permutation abnormal vascular tissuelobate, and was formed by the internal development of abnormal vascular tissue. The xylem and phloem of abnormal vascular tissue were the main body of the root tuber. The results reveal the abnormal anatomical structure development of P. lobata, also provides the theoretical basis for reasonable harvest medicinal parts and promoting sustainable utilization of resources of P. lobata.
Plant Roots ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Plant Tubers ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Pueraria ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development

The two-dimensional model of cell culture is an important method in the study of testicular development and spermatogenesis but can not effectively mimic and regulate the testicular microenvironment and the whole process of spermatogenesis due to the lack of relevant cell factors and the disruption of a three-dimensional spatial structure. In the past 20 years, the development and optimization of the in vitro model such as testis organotypic culture and in vivo model such as testis transplantation achieved a transformation from two- to three-dimension. The maintenance and optimization of the testicular niche structure could mimic the testicular microenvironment and cell types including Leydig, Sertoli and germ cells, which showed similar biological behaviors to those in vivo. Besides, the cell suspension or tissue fragment floats in the gas-liquid interface so that the development of somatic and germ cells is well maintained in vitro whilst the feedback linkage between grafted testis tissue and hypothalamus-pituitary of the host rebuilt in the in vitro model provides an endocrinological basis for spermatogenesis, which serves as an effective methodology to better understand the organogenesis and development of the testis as well as testicular function regulation, advancing the concept of treatment of male infertility. Al- though each of the methods may have its limitations, the progress in the processing, freezing, thawing, and transplantation of cells and tissues will surely promote their clinical application and present their value in translational medicine.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Germ Cells ; physiology ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; therapy ; Male ; Spermatogenesis ; physiology ; Testis ; growth & development

Quality control is one of the key scientific tissues in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). In order to overcome the deficiencies of assessment indexes, including little systematization and quantification, as well as loose association with clinical efficacy and dosage, a new integrated method named controllability pyramid ( CP) is first proposed in this paper. In addition, some study cases are used to explain how this model is constructed. We hope the establishment of CP could promote the clinical-orien- ted integrated innovation research of TCM, and provide control strategy and technology examples for improving the quality of Chinese medicines and clinical efficacy.
China ; Drug Evaluation ; methods ; standards ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Quality Control