26 heterotrophic bacteria strains were isolated from grown abalone digestion guts and their fanning waters in Jiansheng Abalone Farm in Shangwei, Guangdong province. Analyses of extra-cellular pathogenic factors were performed and API 20 E strips were employed to identify all the isolates. Results indicated that isolates from digestion guts displayed greater ability of producing protease , amylase, gelatinase and/or hemolysis than those from farming waters, while their ability of producing lipase and phospholipase were lower than the later. Regardless of their source of origins, there were some isolates which had great abilities of producing extra-cellular products and most of them were Sphingomonas paucimobilis. Therefore, Sphingomonas paucimobilis should be considered as an opportunistic pathogen in the abalone fanning environments, while the digestion guts and fanning waters should be both regarded as the sources of harboring potential pathogens. In addition, apart from predominant strains, the roles of extra-cellular products of the bacteria community as a whole should be taken into consideration when dealing with fish diseases.

UDP glucosyltransferase (UDPGT) catalyzes the synthesis of secondary metabolites and plant hormones to regulate plant growth and development, pathogen defense and environmental adaptability. In this study 18 members of the RcUDPGT gene family were cloned from Tibetan Rhodiola crenulata and analyzed using bioinformatics. The tissue-specific expression, abiotic stresses and plant hormones (abscisic acid, auxin, methyl jasmonate) induced expression patterns were identified by real-time quantitative PCR. The bait vector of RcUDPGT (JX228125.1) was constructed to select interacting proteins from an Arabidopsis yeast library. The results of the bioinformatics analysis revealed that RcUDPGT nucleotide sequences were about 1 400 bp and encoded 452-498 amino acids. In the primary protein sequences, C-terminal sequences were more conserved compared with N-terminal regions, which held a PSPG (plant secondary product glycosyltransferase) domain. In the tertiary structures, RcUDPGTs contained a UDP sugar donor recognition binding site. In addition, all genes had multiple phosphorylation sites. The results of qRT-PCR showed that RcUDPGTs genes were expressed in root, stem and leaf. The expression levels were regulated by low temperature/ultraviolet light and various plant hormones (ABA, IAA, MeJA), but the expression patterns were quite different among them. For example, RcUDPGT6, RcUDPGT11, and RcUDPGT17 had the highest expression in leaves and were induced by all three hormones, suggesting that the functions of these genes might be to respond to environmental changes. RcUDPGT9, RcUDPGT10, RcUDPGT14 were most abundantly expressed in roots and were significantly induced by ABA and MeJA hormones, indicating that these genes may be involved in the synthesis and accumulation of salidroside. Yeast two-hybrid results showed that RcUDPGT did not exhibit autoactivation and cell toxicity, and two significant interactional genes were identified, AtKCR1 (AT1G67730.1) and AtSNL4 (AT1G70060). The AtKCR1 gene encodes a β-ketoacyl reductase (KCR) involved in synthesis of very long chain fatty acids. The AtSNL4 gene encodes a homolog of the transcriptional repressor SIN3, which could participate in the ABA hormone signaling pathway and enhance the transcriptional repression of AP2/EREBP class factors in Arabidopsis. These results suggest that the accumulation of the secondary metabolite salidroside in Rhodiola crenulata might be affected by several regulatory mechanisms. The above results may lay the foundation for understanding the adaptive mechanism of Rhodiola crenulata in a high altitude environment and stimulate an in-depth study of the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in this species.

Objective To investigate the effect of bifidobacteria on dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)- induced acute ulcerative colitis in mice.Methods Thirty BALB/C mice were randomly divided into nor- mal control group (n=10),0501 strain group (n=10) and c122 strain group (n=10).Fifty BALB/ C mice received 5% dextran sulphate sodium(DSS) for 7 days to induce ulcerative colitis.The mice were then divided to model group,negative control group(perfused with 0.9 NaCl solution ),positive control group(perfused with SASP of 20 mg/ml),DSS + 0501 strain group(perfused with 1?10~9 CFU/ml bifidobacteria 0501 strain solution and DSS + c122 strain group (perfused with 1?10~9 CFU/ml bifidobacteria c122 strain solution).All mice were sacrificed 9 days later.The colon specimens were measure by histoehemical staining with H-E.The expressions of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and its protein were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively.Results The degree of colon inflam- mation in mice both in DSS+ 0501 strain and DSS+ c122 strain groups were aggravated and expressions of IL-10 mRNA and protein were reduced compared to model group.No colon inflammation was found in 0501 strain and c122 strain groups.Conclusion Some strain of bifidobaeteria may aggravate colon in- flammation in mice when mucosal harrier is destroyed.

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on tumor growth and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression of human gastric carcinoma xenografts in nude mice with different expressions of growth hormone receptor (GHR). Methods Immunocytochemical method was used to pick out one GHR-positive and one GHR-negative cell line. Then the cells were subcutaneously injected into 24 nude mice separately. The nude mice bearing two different kinds of human gastric caicinoma were equalges of body weight and tumor volume of nude mice were recorded. Serum concentrations of VEGF in peripheral blood were analyzed by ELISA. VEGF protein and mRNA expression in tumor tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, respectively. Results We chose SGC-7901 as GHR positive group, and MKN-45 as the negative one. For nude mice bearing GHR + SGC-7901 xenografts, the tumor volumes were significantly larger in rhGH groups than in control group (P ＜ 0.05), and the high-dose rhGH group revealed greater effect (P ＜ 0. 05).Body weights were not significantly different among three groups (P ＞ 0. 05). Serum VEGF concentration was (252.94 ± 15.32) ng/L in the high-dose rhGH group, which was significantly higher than that in control group [(49.94 ± 5.73) ng/L] and low-dose rhGH group [(167.60 ± 9.54) ng/L] (P ＜ 0.05). Moderate positive staining with VEGF was observed in the control group, while VEGF staining was strong in rhGH administration groups. The relative expression of VEGF mRNA for the high-dose rhGH group was 0. 6470 ± 0. 0447, which was significantly higher than that in control group (0. 3230 ± 0. 0258)and low-dose rhGH group (0. 412 ± 0. 0351)(P ＜ 0.05). While for nude mice bearing GHR-MKN-45 xenografts, the body weights of the rhGH-administrated groups were significantly higher than that of control group (P ＜ 0.05), while tumor growth, serum VEGF concentration, and the expressions of VEGF mRNA and protein in tumor tissue were not significantly different (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions rhGH can promote tumor growth and increase the expression of VEGF in the GHR-highly-expressed SGC-7901 xenograft tumor model. However, such effects do not exist in GHR-negatively-expressed MKN-45 xenograft tumor model. The existence of GHR may be a key target where rhGH influences the secretion of VEGF.

Objective: To investigate the effects of ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion on nutritional status and humoral immunity in postoperative patients suffering from gastrointestinal malignancy. Methods: Thirty patients of gastrointestinal malignancy were randomly divided into study group (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). All the patients were assigned to receive total parenteral nutrition with the equal nitrogen and calory,and those in study group received fish oil fat emulsion additionally. Liver and renal function, blood lipid, haemoglobin, albumin, transferrin, total lymphocyte count (TLC) , B lymphocyte subsets (B1, B2), immunoglobin(IgG, IgM, IgA) and complement(C3, C4) were determined preoperatively and 1, 6d postoperatively. Results: There were no significant differences in liver and renal function and blood lipid on postoperative day 6 versus preoperation in all the two groups. TLC, IgG, IgM, C3 on postoperative day 6 were siginificantly higher in the study group(P < 0. 05). Haemoglobin, albumin, transferrin and B lymphocyte subsets were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Fish oil fat emulsion treatment was safe and tolerated, and could improve the humoral immunity in patients.

Objective To evaluate reoperations for benign bile duct strictures after a prewousRoux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy.Methods Clinical date of 28 patients with previous reconstruction of Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy for benign bile duct strictures were retrospectively analyzed.For data staftstical analysis t-test and stepwise logistic regression analysis were used.Results Reoperative surgery was performed for residual biliary stones with bile duct stricture in 10 cases(35.7%),simple anastomotic stricture of hepaticojejunostomy in 11 cases(39.3%),remained biliary stricture after initial rear in 6 cases (21.4%).anastomotic leakage with duodenal leakage in one case(3.6%).Mode of reoperation:18 cases (64.3%)underwent hepatic lobectomy with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy,liver splitting approach to Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in 5 cases(17.9%),right hemihepatectomy in one case(3.6%),resection of anastomotic stenosis involved segment and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in one case(3.6%),abdominal drainage and duodenum fistulization and jejunum ostomy in one case(3.6%),choledocholithotomy with T-tube drainage in 2 cases(7.1%);Thirteen patients(46.4%)developed postoperative complications.Conclusion Biliary tract stenosis remains the main cause for reoperation in patients undergoing a faeled reconstruction.Wide and patent biliary tract drainage and reconstruction somenmes necessitate a hepatic lobectomy.

BACKGROUND: Autophagy can regulate bone metabolism disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus via nuclear factor KB receptor activating factor ligand, mammalian target of rapamycin, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize the role and possible molecular mechanism of autophagy to improve bone metabolism disorder in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Using “autophagy; exercise; type 2 diabetes mellitus; bone metabolism” as keywords, we retrieved literature regarding autophagy for improving bone metabolism disorder in type 2 diabetes mellitus in PubMed and China Knowledge Network, and logically analyzed and summarized the included studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Autophagy can improve bone metabolism disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus through activation of signaling pathways, such as PPAR-γ, Hedgehog, MITF, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Autophagy can up-regulate the differentiation capacity of osteoblasts, down-regulate the absorption capacity of osteoclasts in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and has an important effect on bone formation and osteocalcin mineralization.

A UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was used to determinate the main active fractions gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, myricetrin, hyperoside and quercitrin in Polygonum capitatum extracts by in situ intestinal perfusion models; the absorption rate constants and cumulative penetration rate of absorption were calculated. The effect of different drug concentrations, different intestine segments, bile and P-gp inhibitors on the absorption mechanism of Gallic acid and other compositions in P. capitatum extracts. The experimental results showed that gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, myricetrin and quercitrin were observed saturated at high concentration (P < 0.05). Bile had significant inhibition effect on protocatechuic acid absorption and had promotion effect on myricetrin and hyperoside absorption (P < 0.05). P-gp inhibitor verapamil could significantly enhance the absorption of Protocatechuic acid (P < 0.05). The overall trend for absorption of various compositions was that small intestine > colon. This indicated that the absorption mechanism of P. capitatum extracts in rat intestine was in line with fist-order kinetics characteristics. The composition could be absorbed in all of the different intestinal segments, and the absorption was mainly concentrated in small intestine. The protocatechuic acid may be the substrate of P-gp.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Female ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male ; Polygonum ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To study the correlation between sleep quality and anxiety in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD).Method Toally 118 patients with CKD were investigated with Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS).Results About 75.42％ (89/118) patients had poor quality of sleep.The scores by PSQI and the dimensions were higher than those of the norms (all P＜0.05),but the total scores by PSQI and the factors of sleep quality,time of falling sleep,duration of sleep,use of hypnosis drugs were all significantly lower than those of the insomnia group (all P＜0.01).35.59％ (42/118) of the patients had anxiety and the score of SAS was significantly higher than that of the national norm (P＜0.01).The total scores of PSQI,sleep quality,sleep time,sleeping time,sleep disorder,daytime function were positively related to the score of SAS (P＜0.01).Conclusions The quality of sleep is poor in the CKD patients and there is a positive correlation between the quality of sleep and the anxiety.It is necessary to strengthen the knowledge-related health education and to provide emotional support and individualized nursing services for CKD patients so as to relieve their anxiety and improve their sleep quality.

Objective To prepare a novel radiolabeled FR?positive tumor targeting agent 99 Tcm?( HYNIC?NHHN?FA) ( EDDA) and evaluate its biological properties. Methods FA derivative FA?NHHN?HYNIC was synthesized and radiolabeled with 99 Tcm using EDDA as a coligand. The radiochemical purity, octanal/water partition coefficient and in vitro stabilities of the complex were studied after purified by HPLC. In vitro cellular uptakes were performed on FR?positive KB cells ( human oral epidermoid carcinoma cells) . Biodistribution and microSPECT/CT imaging were investigated on normal Kunming mice and nude mice bearing KB tumors, respectively. Results The radiochemical purity of the complex was over 95% after pu?rified by HPLC. It displayed high stability both in saline and in serum. It also exhibited high specific FR binding in FR?positive KB cells in vitro. The binding ratio was (6.76±0.60)%1 h after incubation, and de?creased to (0.24±0.02)% after adding excessive FA. The results of biodistribution showed high kidney up?take in normal mice, and the uptake reached (21.79±9.79) %ID/g 0.5 h after injection. Flank KB tumors were clearly visualized with 99 Tcm?( HYNIC?NHHN?FA ) ( EDDA ) by microSPECT/CT imaging at 2 h postinjection, and the uptake could be inhibited by excessive FA. Conclusions 99 Tcm?( HYNIC?NHHN?FA) ( EDDA) exhibits good pharmacokinetic properties, suggesting its potential as a promising FA targeting agent for tumor imaging.