Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of metallothionein(MTs)gene expression and explore the important significance of MTs during hepatocarcinogenesis.Methods One hundred and twenty-five SPF 5 -8-week old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group and model group.Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was given to the mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg, ip, and 50 mg/kg, ip, in the first and next week, respectively.The mice were given ethanol (53%, 5 mL/kg/day, 5 days/week) from the third week of experiment till 35 weeks.At 1, 3, 9, 13, 24 and 35 weeks of the experiment, liver samples were taken for histopathological examination of liver damages and incidence of HCC. The liver index and malondialdehyde (MDA) of liver homogenate were determined.All liver tissue samples were examined by histopathology using hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Masson and reticular fiber staining.Real-time RT-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression level of liver metallothionein-1 /2 (MT-1 /2) in different periods.Results Progressive liver damages in model group mice were identified in different periods.Hepatocytes abnormal tission and abnormal liver plate structure, architecture often characteristic of HCC could be seen in approximately 50% of mice at 35 weeks.In addition to these, a higher liver index also were seen at 35 weeks.Increased MDA levels in the mouse liver tissues were observed in each stage.Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that significantly increased transcription of MT-1 and MT-2 at 1, 3 and 9 weeks, then gradually declined and even below the normal level.Conclusions MTs gene expression levels in mouse liver tissues are changed from significantly increased in the early stage of injury to decreased expression combined with distinct fibrosis. Our findings further demonstrate that the down-regulation of MTs level is closely correlated with hepatocarcinogenesis.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),the rate-limited enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandin,has been found overexpression in many malignant tumors.The overexpression of COX-2 plays an important role in tumor genesis and progression and is closely associated with tumor prognosis,so this enzyme has become one of the potential therapeutic targets.Experimental studies reveal that selective COX-2 inhibitors can enhance the tumor radiosensitivity through a variety of molecular pathways and have a protective effect for normal tissues.Selective COX-2 inhibitors are promising radiotherapy modifiers and the underlying molecular mechanisms still need to be further studied.

Objective In order to provide scientific evidence for revealing the pathophysiological changes, levels of the humoral and cellular immunity and cytokines in elderly patients with bacterial pneumonia were determined. Methods The changes of immunological markers including IgA, IgG, IgM,C3, C4,T cell subpopulation (CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 +) and CD4 +/CD8 +, IL 2, IL 6, IL 8, TNF ? were examined for the elderly bacterial pneumonia group(BPG), the aged control group(ACG) and the young control group(YCG). Results The level of CD3 +〔(53 90?7 10)% vs (62 67?6 08)%〕, CD4 +〔(33 85?4 69)% vs (3 57?3 40)%〕, IL 2〔(4 09?0 69) ?g/L vs (6 72?0 52) ?g/L〕 and IL 8〔(0 28?0 07) ?g/L vs (0 39?0 09) ?g/L〕 in ACG were significantly lower than those in YCG. The levels of IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, CD8 +, IL 8〔(0 33?0 08) ?g/L vs (0 28?0 07) ?g/L〕, and TNF ?〔(1 25?0 23) ?g/L vs (1 10?0 20) ?g/L〕in BPG were significantly higher than those in ACG; and in BPG the levels of IgG, IgM, C3, IL 8 and TNF ? were significantly higher than those in YCG. However, the levels of CD3 +, CD4 + and the ratio CD4 +/CD8 +in BPG were markedly lower than those in YCG;the IL 2(2 730?0 612 ?g/L) was much lower than that of ACG〔(6 72?0 52) ?g/L〕 and YCG〔(4 09?0 69) ?g/L〕, respectively. Conclusions The occurrence and the progress of bacterial pneumonia in the elderly are related to the immunological functioning including the excessive humoral immunity, the super activation of complement system, the dysequilibrium of T cellular immunoloregulation network and the super excretion of inflammatory cytokines.

Although chemotherapy is an effective way for advanced gastric cancer ,it does not significant-ly improve the prognosis of patients .Recently ,further researches on the mechanism of gastric cancer have led to the identification of ′driver gene′and the development of new agents that target these genes .By inhibiting the hu-man epidermal growth factor receptor 2(Her-2)for advanced gastric cancer ,it provides a new treatment for pa-tients.Trastuzumab is a kind of Her -2 monoclonal antibody ,it is the first kind of targeted therapy drug for the treatment of advanced and metastatic gastric cancer .A combination of trastuzumab with cisplatin and fluorouracil based chemotherapy can benefit patients overall survival .Therefore,in this paper,we make a review and summary of a set of recent studies related to the gastric targeted therapy .

Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Environmental Exposure ; adverse effects ; Humans

Surgical resection is the primary treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer,but the local recurrence rate of surgical resection is still at a high level. Preoperative and postoperative chemoradiotherapy not only decreases the local recurrence rate of surgical resection,but also elevates the survival rate and life quality. Recently,adjuvant chemoradiotherapy has been applied as the standard therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. The application of targeted drugs,new chemotherapy drugs and rapid changing radiotherapy technology provide more approaches to the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer.

Rehabilitation is very important to the therapeutic effect of total knee arthroplasty, and it's also the key measure for the knee function to reach the expected effect after the surgery. The most important contents of rehabilitation therapies are the training of muscle strength, range of joint motion, joint position sense and gait. Integrated rehabilitation therapies was used to improve the knee function as possible, such as all kinds of training to improve the knee muscle strength of flex and extend; early training of continued positive motion of knee joint to improve the knee range of motion; the training of knee joint position sense to improve the ability of motion control, posture adjusting and balance keeping; the gait training to adjust the unusual gait.

Objective To discuss the indication, technical points and long-term effects of endovascular embolization for non-functioning renal graft with detachable coils, and to get further evaluation of its practical value.Methods Monitored by DSA, endovascular embolization with detachable coils was performed on 11 patients with non-functioning renal graft.Results Renal arteries all had been successfully blocked in 11 cases.Good recovery without any complication was obtained.Conclusion Endovascular embolization for non-functioning renal graft with detachable coils is safe, minimally invasive and convenient, and can be used as an alternative to the resection of the renal grafts.

Adult ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic ; Dimethylformamide ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans

Humans ; Influenza A virus ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; virology