OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC method for determing irinotecan (CPT-11) and its metabolite 7-ethyl-10 HCPT in rat liver microsome incubation system, and to optimize the incubation conditions. METHODS: CPT-11and SN-38 were determined by HPLC. Single factor design was used to optimize the incubation conditions. RESULTS: The linear range of CPT-11 and 7-ethyl-10 HCPT in rat liver microsome incubation system were 20-4000 ng · mL-1 and 2-400 ng · mL-1, respectively. The optimal incubation conditions were as follows: 10 μmol · L-1 CPT-11, 0.02 mg liver microsomes and incubation for 15 min. CONCLUSION: The HPLC method is accurate and suitable for the determination of CPT-11and 7-ethyl-10 HCPT in rat liver microsomes. The incubation condition can be applied in drug interaction studies of irinotecan.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a HPLC-MS/MS method for determing 5-hydroxylansoprazole/lansoprazole sulfone, and optimize the incubated conditions for rat liver microsomes. METHODS: 5-Hydroxylansoprazole/lansoprazole were determined by HPLC-MS/MS. Single factor design was used to optimize the incubated conditions and the enzymes kinetics value was evaluated by graphical analysis with Lineweaver-Burk double reciprocal plots. RESULTS: The linear range of 5-hydroxy lansoprazole and lansoprazole sulphone in liver microsome incubation system were 5.57-2 520 and 5.42-2 480 ng · mL-1, respectively. The optimal incubated conditions were 10 μmol · L-1 lansoprazole, 0.16 mg liver microsomes, and 10 min incubation, respectively. CONCLUSION: The HPLC-MS/MS method is accurate and suitable for the determination of 5-hydroxy lansoprazole and lansoprazole sulfone in rat liver microsomes. The incubated condition can be applied for study in the drug interaction with lansoprazole.

Objective:To establish the quality control for Yangxueyin oral liquids. Methods:TLC was applied to identify Angeli-cae Sinensis Radix and Fructus Ziziphi Jujubae. The content of astragaloside A in Yangxueyin oral liquids was determined by HPLC-ELSD. A Luna C18(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm)column was used, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (38∶62)with the flow rate of 0. 8 ml·min-1 , and the column temperature was 40℃. The temperature of the drift tube was 85℃, and the flow rate of the carrier air was 2.0 L·min-1. Results: The linear range of astragaloside A was 0.522-4.176 μg(r =0.999 8). The average recovery was 97. 9% with RSD of 1. 03% (n=6). Conclusion:The method is convenient, sensitive and accurate, which can be used in the quality control of Yangxueyin oral liquids.

Objective:To investigate the significance of CT imaging features in the diagnosis of first-episode paranoid schizophrenia.Methods:Forty-five patients with first-episode paranoid schizophrenia admitted to Shaoxing 7 th People's Hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were included in the study group. An additional 40 healthy controls who received health examination were included in the control group. All participants underwent head CT scans and CT values of cerebral lobes were measured. CT imaging features of first-episode paranoid schizophrenia were analyzed. The recurrence rate of paranoid schizophrenia was calculated. The diagnostic effect of CT imaging on paranoid schizophrenia was evaluated. Results:The CT value of the frontal lobe in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(33.1 ± 1.4) HU vs. (36.9 ± 2.1) HU, t = 9.914, P < 0.001]. The proportions of patients having ventricular enlargement, sulcus widening, arachnoid cyst and cisterna magna in the study group were 51.1%, 24.4%, 31.1% and 20.0% respectively, which were significantly higher than 5.5%, 2.5%, 2.5% and 2.5% respectively in the control group ( χ2 = 21.688, 8.411, 11.928, 4.675, all P < 0.05). The recurrence rate of paranoid schizophrenia in the study group was 22.2% (10/45). The CT value of the left and right frontal lobe in patients with recurrent paranoid schizophrenia was (32.1 ± 1.7) HU and (32.5 ± 1.6) HU respectively, which was significantly lower than (35.0 ± 1.9) HU and (34.9 ± 1.7) HU in patients without recurrent paranoid schizophrenia ( t = 4.348 and 3.985, both P < 0.001). Conclusion:Patients with first-episode paranoid schizophrenia have brain structural abnormalities, as manifested by ventricular enlargement, sulcus widening, arachnoid cyst, and cisterna magna. CT imaging features are of great value in the diagnosis of first-episode paranoid schizophrenia. It deserves wide popularization and has a great innovation value.

Objective To investigate efficacy and effect on liver function of the experimental therapy with balloon catheter to block the main artery temporarily and then pressurize chemoembolization to treat hypovascular liver cancer. Methods Eighty patients with hypovascular liver cancer requiring interventional therapy were randomly divided into two groups.The experimental group was treated with the new therapy and the control group was treated with traditional therapy. The lipiodol-filling status and maximum diameter of the tumor was analyzed for a midterm outcome,and the change of AFP and liver function were evaluated.Mann-Whitney test was used for data between two groups,Friedman test was used for data of each group,and Spearman nonparameter relevant analysis was used for efficacy indexes.Results ( 1 ) All Patients have confirmed diagnosis of hypocvascular liver cancer and got balanced baseline. ( 2 ) Lipiodol-filling status:the clinical efficacy and benefit rates of patients from experimental group were higher than that from control group and showed statistically significant difference in 1,3,12 months (Z =-2.135,- 2.939,- 2.686 ; P =0.034,0.004,0.007 ),but no statistically significant difference in 6 month ( Z =- 1.170,P =0.242 ).The status of lipiodol-filling of experimental group ( x2 =2.593,P =0.459 ) was more stable than control group ( x2 =10.886,P =0.012).(3) Maximum diameter of the tumor:the clinical efficacy and benefit rates of patients from experimental group were higher than that from control group and showed statistically significant difference in 3,12 months ( Z =- 2.734,- 2.733 ; P =0.006,0.006),but no statistically significant difference in 1,6 month ( Z =- 1.692,- 1.895 ;P =0.091,0.058). But neither of two groups showed statistically significant difference in change of maximum diameter of the tumor ( x2 =5.500,P =0.139 ; x2 =6.509,P =0.089 ).Relation between lipiodol-filling and maximum diameter showed positive correlation in 3 month ( r =0.257,P =0.035 ). (4) Stratified analysis was used for data of AFP according to AFP value before therapy,and two groups showed no statistically significant difference for patients belonging to 20-1000 μg/L by Pearson Chi-square test. (5)Two groups showed no statistically significant difference for data of liver function before therapy and in 1,3,6months ( Z =- 1.073,- 1.314,-0.518,-0.549;P=0.308,0.189,0.604,0.583).Conclusions According to the midterm result of this experiment,the experimental therapy increased lipiodol-filling and decreased maximum diameter of the tumor significantly in 3 and 12 months correspondingly,but no significant difference was observed in AFP and liver function between groups yet. So the long-term efficacy and its influence to lung metastasis and survival rate need further research.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of closed reduction and transverse fixation with Kirschner wires and open reduction and fixation with mini-plates or Kirschner wires for the fifth metacarpal base fracture.Methods Data of 50 patients,who had been treated in our hospital for the fifth metacarpal base fracture from August 2005 to May 2012,were enrolled in this study.Twenty-six patients underwent closed closed reduction and transverse fixation with Kirschner wires,including 22 males and 4 females,aged from 17 to 41 years; according to the OTA classification,there were 8 of type A1,11 of type B1,and 7 of type C1.Twenty-four patients underwent open reduction and fixation with mini-plates or Kirschner wires,including 21 males and 3 females,aged from 19 to 46 years (average,26 years); according to the OTA classification,there were 11 of type A1,8 of type B1 and 5 of type C1.The total active motion (TAM) score of Chinese Medical Associaition was used to evaluate the range of motion of the joint.Results In closed reduction group,the operation time ranged from 14 to 33 min; the treatment costs ranged from 2018 to 2995 yuan; 23 patients were followed up for 6 to 26 months; X-rays showed the anatomic reduction was achieved in all patients,and the fracture healing time ranged from 4 to 7 weeks; according to the TAM score,the result was excellent in 15,good in 6 and fair in 2,and the excellent and good rate was 91.3％.In open reduction group,the operation time ranged from 45 to 105 min; the treatment costs ranged from 3874 to 4793 yuan; 22 patients were followed up for 6 to 21 months; X-rays showed the anatomic reduction was achieved in all patients,and the fracture healing time ranged from 4 to 8 weeks; according to the TAM score,the result was excellent in 13,good in 7 and fair in 2,and the excellent and good rate was 90.9％.Conclusion Closed reduction and transverse fixation with Kirschner wires is an effective method for the fifth metacarpal base fracture,which has several advantages,such as simple operation,stable fixation,satisfactory results,short operation time and low treatment costs.

Summary Cisplatin is an anti-tumor drug which is widely used for the treatment of various solid tumors. Unfortunately, seriousside-effects have affected patients, such as hearing loss. Up to now, there is no clear and effective measure to protect the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in the clinical use of cisplatin studies indicated that autophagy may be involved in the whole process of cisplatin-induced hearing loss. In this review, the relationship between cisplatin ototoxicity and autophagy was reviewed. It is hoped that this study can provide reference for further study of cisplatin ototoxicity and intervention of autophagy with autophagy activator or inhibitor.

Objective To investigate the imaging findings of primary hepatic carcinoid tumor with dynamic MRI and spiral CT.Methods Eleven cases with pathologically confirmed primary hepatic carcinoid tumor were analyzed retrospectively.Four cases were examined with spiral CT,and 8 cases were examined with MRL Results Two of 11 cases had multiple tumors,presenting as two or more nodular lesions,while the remaining 9 cases had single tumor.Four cases showed well-defined low density on the plain scan of CT,with central irregular cystic areas.Lesions enhanced unevenly on arterial phase of CT,with no enhancement in the central part The edge of lesions showed delayed reduced enhancement on portal vein phase.than the arterial phase,while non-enhanced lesions in the center areas.Eight cases were detected by MRI,seven On MRI,7 of 8 lesions showed uneven low signal on T_1WI and high signal with central low intensity on T_2WI.On arterial phase of MRI,7 cases had uneven enhancement at the peripheral part and irregular non-enhanced signal in center.Lesions showed delayed mild enhancement in the peripheral parts,with a relatively smaller non-enhanced central area.One case was cystic,with high signal included in the extensive low density on T_1WI.The case appeared high signal on T_2WI and had uneven enhancement at the edge on arterial phase,low signal on delayed phase.Conclusion Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor exhibits some imaging features on plain and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and spiral CT,which can be the clue for the diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Using color Doppler ultrasonography, renal graft size, appearance, structure, and blood flow distribution can be observed. Through the use of blood flow display technique, blood flow perfusion of renal graft can be accurately observed to assist diagnosis and differential diagnosis of complications following renal transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To observe the hemodynamic characteristics during different periods of acute renal transplant rejection, summarize its specific manifestations through analyzing different reaction of two dimensional and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) during renal transplantation in order to get valuable index on acute rejection of renal transplantation.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Comparative observation was performed at the Jinan University and First Hospital of Shenzhen University between January 2003 and January 2007.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 299 patients undergoing renal transplantation were divided into normal allograft group (n=236) and acute rejection group (n=63) according to renal allograft function.METHODS: The systolic peak flow rate, end-diastolic flow rate, mean flow rate, pulsatility index and resistance index of main renal artery and arcuate artery in patients of two groups were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Renal allograft arterial inner diameter and hemodynamics of two groups.RESULTS: Compared with normal allograft group, the blood flow perfusion was reduced at acute rejection, which could not reach cortex margin, blood velocity was decreased at the diastolic phase, pulsatility index and resistance index were increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Color Doppler ultrasound, as a convenient, economical and noninvasive technique, provides the reliable evidences for the renal artery pulsatility index and resistance index in clinic, and also is valuable for the acute rejection early diagnosis of renal allograft.

Adenoma, Oxyphilic ; classification ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms ; classification ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Molecular Biology ; methods ; trends