Objective To investigate the chemical constituents in the leaves of Dracaena cochinchinensis.Methods The compounds were separated with column chromatography and their chemical structures were identified by physicochemical and spectral method,respectively.Results Thirteen compounds were isolated from the plant. They were identified as isorhamnerin(Ⅰ),quercetin(Ⅱ),25(R)-spirostane-5-en-3?-ol(Ⅲ),gracillin(Ⅳ),25(R)-spirostane-5-en-3?,14?-diol(Ⅴ),25(R)-spirostane-5-en-3?,14?-diol-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅵ),25(R)-spirostane-5-en-3?,14?-diol-3-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosy(1→4)-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅶ),25(R)-spirostane-14?-hydroxy-4-en-3-one(Ⅷ),7?-hydroxysistosterol-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅸ),?-stigmasterol(Ⅹ),stigmasterol-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅺ),daucosterol (Ⅹ Ⅱ),and methyl ?D-glucopyranoside(Ⅹ Ⅲ).Conclusion Spirostane-type steroids are the major constituents in the leaves of D.cochinchinensis.Compounds Ⅰ-Ⅲ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ,Ⅷ,and Ⅸ are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum CC10 protein and lung injury induced by mechanical ventilation.Methods Forty healthy Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=8 each):group Ⅰ control;group Ⅱ mild lung injury[VT=7 ml/kg,duration of mechanical ventilation(t):2 h];group Ⅲ moderate lung injury(VT=7 ml/kg,t=4 h);group Ⅳ severe lung injury(VT=40 ml/kg,t=2 h);group Ⅴ extremely severe lung injury(VT=40 ml/kg,t=4 h).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10% chloral hyrdrate 3.5 ml/kg and tracheostomized.Group Ⅰ received no mechanical ventilation.The animals in group Ⅱ-Ⅴ were mechanically ventilated with air(FiO2=21%,RR=40 bpm,I:E=1:2).The animals were sacrificed at the end of mechanical ventilation.The lungs were immediately removed for microscopic examination and determination of W/D lung weight ratio.The left lung was lavaged.The CC10 protein level in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and serum were determined by Western blotting.The Clara cells in the bronchiolar epithelium were examined by immno-histochemistry.Results The level of CC10 protein in BALF was significantly lower in group Ⅳ and Ⅴ while the serum CC10 protein level was significantly higher in group Ⅱ-Ⅴ than in group Ⅰ.The serum CC10 protein level was positively correlated while the CC10 protein level in BALF was negatively correlated with the severity of lung injury and W/D ratio.Conclusion The serum CC10 protein is closely related to the severity of lung injury induced by mechanical ventilation.

Objective To explore the effect of nitric oxide(NO) on pulmonary tumor necrosis factor?(TNF?) in murine acute necrotizing pancreatitis(ANP). Method Ninety-six SD rats were randomized into four groups:normal control group, ANP group, L-Arginine(L-Arg) pretreatment group and L-NAME pretreatment group (n=24 for each group). The protein content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids(BALF), the myeloperoxidase(MPO) of lung tissue and TNF? produced by alveolar macrophages were evaluated. The expression of TNF? mRNA was measured. ResultMPO and protein of BALF reached a peak level at 12nd hr (10.78?0.58U/g for MPO and 2011?106?g/ml for protein content respectively).TNF? peaked on the sixth hour(1624?149)pg/ml. The expression of AM TNF?mRNA also peaked on the sixth hour (1.127?0.069) along with an increase of TNF? mRNA. A similar tendency was seen in L-Arg and L-NAME pretreatment groups, with changes being statistically different in the three groups when compared with that of normal control group(P

Objective To explore the in-vivo hemodynamic and hemolysis effect of a newly designed axial continuousflow ventricular assist device(VAD) in swine.Methods Under general anesthesia,each of 5 swine [weight (40.0 ± 5.2)kg] was implanted with the axial continuous-flow VAD into the apex of left heart ventricle,and the outflow graft was anastomosised to descending aorta.Results All of the axial continuous-flow VAD were implanted successfully with post-operative survival rate 100％.All 5 animals survived over one week.There was a positive correlation between pump speed and assistance effect.The mean left ventricular systolic pressure was (131.6 ± 28.0) mmHg(1 mmHg =0.133 kPa).While the axial continuous-flow VAD was working,left ventricular end diastolic pressure decreased,along with mean intraventricular pressure declined.Peripheral hemodynamics was stable and peripheral blood pressure was not remarkably different from the pressure preoperation.Daily urine volume was in normal range within 1 week post operation.Free hemoglobin in plasma was slightly elevated on the surgery day,and gradually dropped to normal level within 1 week.International Normalized Ratio(INR) was maintained between 2.0-2.5 with oral adminiatration of warfarin of 3 mg/day.There was no thrombosis existing in VAD at autopsy.Conclusion The application of the axial pump with hydrodynamic-magnetically levitated impeller in animal experiment can provide stable hemodynamics,advanced heart unloaded effect,favorable peripheral perfusion,and blood compatibility is satisfactory.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of renal protective effect of rosiglitazone on diabetic rat kidney. Methods Eighteen rats were assigned to normal control(C) group,diabetic rat(DM) group, rosiglitazone(5 mg?kg-1?d-1)treatment(R) group.Immunohistochemistry,RT PCR,Western blot were used to examine the pathological change of kidney and expression of PPAR?、TGF ?1 after 8 weeks in the kidney of rats. Results In comparison with normal group, the expression of PPAR?and TGF ?1 in diabetic rat and treatment groups was markedly increased(P

Objective To investigate the influence of IVIG on immunologic function and cytokines levels in children with EV71 infection associated high-risk pulmonary hemorrhage. Methods According to the inclu-sion criteria , 64 children were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups: 39 cases in the IVIG treatment group and 25 cases in the general treatment group. The alternations of blood and immune cytokine markers before and after treatment were detected in the patients. Results (1) Before treatment, the peripheral blood T cells, TH and B cells in the IVIG group were higher than those in the general group , but the peripheral blood IgA was lower than that in the general group(P < 0.05); (2) In the IVIG group, the NK cells and IgG increased and T cells, TH cell and B cells significantly decreased after receiving IVIG therapy (P < 0.05); (3)No significant difference was observed in the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 in the two treatment groups before treatment. However , after IVIG treatment, IL-6 and IFN-γ levels reduced, IL-10 level increased (P < 0.05). After the general treat-ment, no significant difference was found in levels of IL-6,IL-10 and IFN-γ in peripheral blood (P > 0.05). Conclusion Disorders of cellular immunity and humoral immunity appeared in children with EV71 infection-re-lated high-risk pulmonary hemorrhage. It has clinical value to use IVIG timely to regulate the immune disorder.

Objective:To explore the association of physical activities,sedentary behaviors with over-weight/obesity in Chinese children aged 9 -1 1 years,analyze the gender difference and heterogeneity of the association across different provinces,and provide evidence for prevention and control of overweight and obesity.Methods:Using the data of 40 692 children aged 9 -1 1 years from Chinese National Survey on Students’Constitution and Health in 201 0,the height and weight were measured and the time spent in physical activities,screen behaviors and homework were collected.We analyzed the associations among physical activities,sedentary behaviors and overweight/obesity in boys and girls separately,and assessed the heterogeneity of associations across different provinces with Meta-analysis.Results:The prevalence of overweight/obesity of the boys (27.1 %)was higher than that of the girls (1 2.9%),compared with the rural students (1 5.6%),the situation of overweight/obesity of the urban students (23.8%)was more serious,the prevalences of overweight/obesity were separately 22.6%,1 9.2% and 1 7.5% among developed,middle-developed and undeveloped social economic status subgroups.The boys with physical activities no more than 1 hour per day were more likely to be overweight/obese,with the OR of 1 .09 (95%CI:1 .02,1 .1 7).The girls with screen time more than 1 hour per day or homework time more than 2 hours per day were more likely to be overweight/obese,with the ORs of 1 .1 3 (95%CI:1 .02, 1 .26)and 1 .1 8 (95%CI:1 .03,1 .35)respectively.The high level of sedentary behaviors (more than 1 35min per day)was associated with overweight/obese in the girls,and the OR was 1 .1 9 (95%CI:1 .08,1 .33).There was no significant heterogeneity of effect values between physical activities and over-weight/obesity in the boys and between sedentary behaviors and overweight/obesity in the girls across the different provinces (P >0.05).Conclusion:The associations among physical activities,sedentary be-haviors and overweight/obesity existed in Chinese children aged 9 -1 1 years,which were different in boys and girls.There was no statistically significant heterogeneity across different provinces.The strate-gies to prevent and control overweight/obesity in primary school students should focus on gender-specific needs.

Aim To investigate the effect of TRPV4 on hepatic fibrosis of rats . Methods Liver fibrosis model of rats was induced by 50% CCl4 twice a week for 12 weeks. HE and Masson staining were used to evaluate the degree of hepatic fibrosis, and the levels of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and TRPV4 were detec-ted in fibrotic liver tissue by Western blot. HSC-T6 cells were activated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1),and the protein levels of α-SMA, TRPV4 were detected by Western blot. After using Ru and transfected with TRPV4-siRNA, HSC-T6 was stimula-ted with TGF-β1, the levels of α-SMA, TRPV4 and phosphorylation level of Akt were determined by West-ern blot. Results TRPV4 was highly expressed in model liver tissues and in activated HSC-T6 induced by TGF-β1 . The levels of α-SMA and phosphorylation of Akt decreased in TGF-β1-induced HSC, used with Ru or transfected with TRPV4-siRNA. Conclusions The expression of TRPV4 increases in fibrotic livers and ac-tivated hepatic stellate cells. Knockdown of TRPV4 can suppress the activation of hepatic stellate cells in-duced by TGF-β1 , and decrease the phosphorylation levels of Akt.

Diabetic vascular complications are the key cause of the poor life quality and high mortality in diabetic patient. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and its cross-links play important roles in the diabetic vascular complications. Endothelial cells damage induced by AGEs may account for the initial agent for diabetic vascular complications. Recent studies have shown that AGEs inhibitors and breakers can prevent and reverse these complications. This article reviewed the research progress of AGEs and endothelium dysfunction. The potential therapeutic method was also stated.

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on the expr es sion of PPAR?,TGF-a1 and PCNA and its mechanism on renal interstitial fibrosi s following unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) in rat kidney. Methods Thirty r ats were randomly assigned to shame operation group(sham group),UUO group, rosig litazone(5 mg穔g-1?d-1) treatment group after UUO. Immunohistochemistry,RT-PCR,Western blotting were performed to investigate renal pathological changes an d examine the expression of PPAR?,TGF-a1,PCNA on the 7th and 14th day in the kidney. Results In comparison with the shame group,the expression of PPAR?,TGF-a1,PCNA of UUO and treatment groups increased significantly(P