In order to improve the accuracy of blood pressure measurement in wearable devices, this paper presents a method for detecting blood pressure based on multiple parameters of pulse wave. Based on regression analysis between blood pressure and the characteristic parameters of pulse wave, such as the pulse wave transit time (PWTT), cardiac output, coefficient of pulse wave, the average slope of the ascending branch, heart rate, etc. we established a model to calculate blood pressure. For overcoming the application deficiencies caused by measuring ECG in wearable device, such as replacing electrodes and ECG lead sets which are not convenient, we calculated the PWTT with heart sound as reference (PWTT(PCG)). We experimentally verified the detection of blood pressure based on PWTT(PCG) and based on multiple parameters of pulse wave. The experiment results showed that it was feasible to calculate the PWTT from PWTT(PCG). The mean measurement error of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure calculated by the model based on multiple parameters of pulse wave is 1.62 mm Hg and 1.12 mm Hg, increased by 57% and 53% compared to those of the model based on simple parameter. This method has more measurement accuracy.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Cardiac Output ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Heart Sounds ; Humans ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Regression Analysis

Objective To investigate prevalence of chronic diseases, and the awareness & attitudes, and the health demand of residents aged ≥18 yrs in Shanghai communities. Methods 2 320 residents aged over 18 yrs were selected from 19 communities by multiple stage cluster sampling and questioned by face to face survey. Results The standardized self-reported prevalence rate of whole chronic diseases was 28.4%, hypertension was 21.8%, osteoporosis was 7.0%, diabetes mellitus was 6.3%, respectively, which were ranked the top three. The awareness of the hypertension and diabetes mellitus were accounted to 89.3% and 86.0%. The demands for the convenient and comfortable clinical environment in residents accounted to 80.6%. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases in Shanghai was high. It's suggested to enhance the control and prevention of chronic diseases, particularly on hypertension, and to do more health education in suburbs.

AIM: To investigate the effect of ligustrazine (Lig) on cerebral injury in LPS-induced septic shock rats and to explore the underlying mechanism.METHODS: Wistar rats (n =48) were randomly divided into control group, LPS group and LPS +Lig treatment group.The rats in LPS group were randomly divided into 2 subgroups at time points of 6 h and 12 h.After ligustrazine treatment, the venous blood was collected by removal of eyeballs to detect the con-centration of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) using ELISA.The nitric oxide (NO) concentration in the homogenate of brain tissues was examined.The apoptosis in the hippocampus was analyzed by TUNEL staining.The protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was determined by Western blot.RESULTS: Ligustrazine inhibited the elevation of NSE and NO concentrations in LPS-induced septic shock rats.Furthermore, ligustrazine administration also attenuated LPS-induced increase in Bax ex-pression and decrease in Bcl-2 expression.CONCLUSION: Ligustrazine decreases the concentration of NSE and NO, and attenuates cerebral injury in LPS-induced septic shock rats.These effects may be related to the regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 expression.

BACKGROUND:Few reports are found about the effect of ovariectomized rats' bone histomorphometry parameters using non-destructive dynamic loading system.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of different loads situations on the bone histomorphometry parameters in ovariectomized rats.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A controlled observation on the bone histomorphometry was performed in the Biomedical Engineering Laboratory of Jilin University from April 2007 to August 2007.MATERIALS:A total of 35 9-month-old Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly divided into five groups,including sham operation group,ovariectomized (OVX) control group,OVX loading 1 N group,OVX loading 2 N group,OVX loading 4 N group.There were 7 rats in each group.METHODS:Rats in OVX control group and castration load group were processed into bilateral OVX on the back. The sham operation group only underwent the excision of fat tissues on back,and then sutured. After castration for 1 week,rats were loaded with non-destructive dynamic loading system in the two sides of the tibia,15 minutes a day. The mechanical loads would continue for 4 weeks and the loads were 1N,2N and 4N.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Changes of proximal tibia bone histomorphometry parameters.RESULTS:The area,number and thickness of trabecular bone in OVX loading group were all higher than OVX control group (P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The trabecular bone area and thickness in OVX 4 N and OVX 2 N groups were significantly higher than OVX control group (P ＜ 0.001).There was a downward trend of trabecular separation in OVX 4 N group compared with OVX control group (P ＜ 0.05). With the increasing loads,there was an increasing trend of the area,number and thickness of trabecular bone,which were close to sham-operated group. The trabecular separation was declined. Single fluorescent labeled surface and double fluorescent labeled surfaces in sham operated group were all lower than that in OVX control group. With the increase in loads,the single fluorescent labeled surface,double fluorescent labeled surface,interlabeled width and mineral apposition rate had been shown to increase. The OVX 2 N and OVX 4 N groups exhibited a remarkably higher level of mineral apposition rate than OVX control group (P ＜ 0.05).CONCLUSION:With the increase in load at the range of 1-4 N,all parameters of bone histomorphometry improve in the OVX rats,the bone microstrcture is greatly ameliorated,bone mass loss is reduced and the process of osteoporosis is delayed.

Objective To investigate wether bronchial epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT)take part in airway remodling in asthmatic mice,and the effect of inhaled glucocorticoid to it. Methods Thirty BALB /c mice were randomly divided into control group(n =10),asthma group(n =10) and budesonide group(n =10).The qualitity of serum OVA-sIgE was measured to vertify asthma modle. Bronchial airway thickness collagen deposition area was analyzed by HE and Masson staining to test the level of airway remodling.ELISA was used to test the quantity of transforming growth factor(TGF)-βin bron-choalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).Immunohistochemical assay was used to observe fibroblast specific protein-1 (FSP-1 )expressing area.Western blot and realtime PCR were performed to analyze the protein and mRNA expression of E-caderin,Vimentin and FSP-1 .Results The expression of OVA-sIgE,bronchial airway thick-ness,the collagen deposition area were significantly higher in asthma group than those in control group,while the above index in BUD group were allivated compared to those in asthma group(P <0.01 ,respectively). The expression of TGF-βin BALF increased and the expression of FSP-1 located in bronchial epithlium,the quantity of E-caderin significantly decreased,and the quantity of Vimentin and FSP-1 increased by Western blot and realtime PCR in asthma group,compared to those in control group(P <0.01 ).While the level of E-caderin increased(P <0.01 ),TGF-βand Vimentin reduced partly in BUD group(P <0.05 ),and there was no differece in the level of FSP-1 between BUD group and asthma group(P >0.05).Conclusion Lung tissue EMT take part in airway remodling of asthma,which is mainly focus on bronchial epithlium.The effect of traditional inhaled budesonide can not heal the bronchial EMT in asthma.

The known members of inhibitor of growth (ING) gene family are considered as candidate tumor suppressor genes. ING4, a novel member of ING family, is recently reported to regulate brain tumour angiogenesis through transcriptional repression of NF-?B-responsive genes, induce G2/M arrest by the increased p21 expression in a p53-dependent manner, suppress the loss of contact inhibition and represses activation of the hypoxia inducible factor, which plays an important role in the progression of tumorigenesis. However, seldom studies about ING4 inducing tumor cells apoptosis were reported.The C6 cells (mouse glioma cells) were infected respectively with the blank adenovirus carrying GFP (Ad) and the recombinated Ad-hING4-His, then RT-PCR assay was used to detect the transcriptions of hING4, as well Western-blotting assay was ued to detect the expressions of hING4. The effects of hING4 expression upon C6 cells were observed, and the growth curve was drawed and tumor control rates were calculated. The C6 cells, which were affected by blank Ad and Ad-hING4-His, were respectively observed by LSCM (laser scan confocal microscope) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), detected by flow cytometry; and the genomic DNA of both groups were extracted and electrophoresised in agarose gel to examinate the DNA fragments. The results showed hING4 can significantly inhibit the growth of C6 cells by promoting the cell’s apoptosis, which probably is the first one to prove this property of ING4.The experimental and theoretical foundation for gene therapy for gliomas with ING4 in the future was established.

This study aims to analyze and compare the effect of cell wall-broken decoction pieces, conventional decoction pieces and conventional powder of Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma on the intestinal flora of normal mice. The conventional bacterial culture and PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) were adopted for the mice after the oral administration for 14 days. According to the bacterial culture results, the 1/8 dose cell wall-broken decoction pieces group showed fewer Enterococcus and Escherichia coli bacillus but more Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium than the conventional decoction pieces group and the traditional powder group (P <0.05). Meanwhile, on the basis of the PCR-DGGE results, the 1/8 dose cell wall-broken decoction pieces group revealed the highest Shannon-Wiener index (H) and species richness (S) among the seven groups, with extremely significant differences compared with the normal group (P <0.01), significant differences compared with the conventional decoction pieces group and the conventional powder group (P <0.05) and a high intra-group similarity. In conclusion, the long-term intake of 1/8 dose Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma cell wall-broken decoction pieces showed a certain effect in regulating intestinal tract by promoting the growth of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, the intestinal flora community will become more stable.
Animals ; Bifidobacterium ; drug effects ; genetics ; growth & development ; Cell Wall ; Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Lactobacillus ; drug effects ; genetics ; growth & development ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rhizome ; Rhodiola

This article was aimed to study the molecular network and bio-function ofBu-Fei-Yi-Shen (BFYS) decoction for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by bioinformatics analysis, in order to provide new ideas for research on pharmacological mechanism of Chinese medicine compound prescription. Components of herbs in BFYS decoction were searched in the databases. Targeted proteins of each component were found from PubChem. Comparison analyses were performed on molecular network, bio-function and canonical pathways by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The results showed that there were 239 target proteins of BFYS decoction. There were 9 molecular networks of BFYS decoction. The top 3 networks' functions were Cellular Development, Energy Production, and Cancer. The top 3 bio-function of BFYS decoction were Cellular Growth and Proliferation, Cell Death and Survival, and Inflammatory Response. The top 3 canonical pathways of BFYS decoction were Cell Cycle:G1/S Checkpoint Regulation, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Signaling, and Cyclins and Cell Cycle Regulation. It was concluded that the search of target proteins for herbal compounds and bioinformatics analysis by IPA can be used to reveal the molecular network and bio-function of BFYS decoction.

Objective To explore the approaches to improve the detection of early gastric and precancerous lesions for basic level hospi-tals. Methods The 72 patients with abnormal gastric mucosa observed by gastroscope arranged with pathology after acetic acid-indigo car-mine dyeing were considered as the dyeing group, and 68 patients with abnormal gastric mucosa observed by gastroscope directly arranged with pathology were considered as the control group. The dyeing conditions of gastric mucosa were observed and compared to pathology detec-tion. The detection rate of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions in the two groups were compared. Results After acetic acid-indigo carmine dyeing, there were 16. 7% of demonstrated discoloration, 63. 9% of poor dyeing, and 14. 3% of even dyeing. The detection rate of early gastric cancer and high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with mucosa discoloration (91. 7%) was obviously higher than that in patients with poor dyeing (8. 6%) or even dyeing (0. 0%). The detection rate of low grade intraepithelial neoplasia or intestinal metaplasia in patients with poor dyeing (82. 6%) was obviously higher than that in patients with mucosa discoloration (8. 3%) or even dyeing (14. 3%). The detection rate of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions in dyeing group (13. 9%,63. 9%) was obviously higher than that in control group (2. 9%,29. 4%). Conclusion The acid-indigo carmine dyeing could increase the diagnosis of early gastric cancer and precancerous lesions in basic level hospital. It is adaptable to extend approach in basic level hospital for its low cost and simple operation.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of familial and sporadic gout patients to provide information for the classification,individual treatment and prognosis of gout.Methods The clinical and biochemical characteristies of 431 patients with familial gout and 1899 patients with sporadic gout were compared and analyzed.T test and X2 test were used for statistical analysis.Results The age at onset [(47±13) years ] and the serum uric acid level [ (472±125) μmol/L] of the familial gout patients in the acute phase were significantly lower than those of the sporadic gout patients (P＜0.05).The percentage of patients whose attack were induced by purine-rich food (67.7％ vs 88.2％),drinking (31.3％ vs 44.5％) and the first metatarsophalangeal joint involvement (69.1％ vs 77.4％ ) were significantly lower in the familial gout patients than those in the sporadic group of patients.The percentage of female was lower in the familial gout (9.7％) than in the sporadic patients(6.6％,P＜0.05).The percentage of patients with ankle joint (18.1％ vs 11.3％) and no obvious predisposing causes (25.2％ vs 2.5％ ) were higher in the familial gout patients than in the sporadic patients (P＜0.05).The percentage of patients with complicated lipid metabolism disorders was significantly higher in the familial gout patients than in the sporadic patients (P＜0.05).Conclusion The familial gout patients in Shandong coastal regions are early in disease onset,with lower serum uric acid level and more frequent in women.Detailed family history should be collected,and early prevention and appropriate treatment should be emphasized.