Objective To explore the features, diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary infection after kidney transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 31 pulmonary infection cases among 150 patients underwent kidney transplantation were analyzed retrospectively. Results The 31 patients with pulmonary infection after kidney transplantation included 9 cases of simple bacterial infection, 3 cases of fungus infection, 5 cases of CMV infection, 1 case of TB, 10 cases of mixed infection, and 3 cases of infection with unclear pathogen. 27 cases of the patients(27/31,87.1%) were cured, while 4 cases died of pulmonary infection. Conclusion Pulmonary infection is a common and severe complication after kidney transplantation. Early etiological diagnosis, the prompt treatment of antibacterium,antivirus and antifungus, adjustment of immunosuppression regime, and strengthening the support therapy would improve the curative rate.

Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Water

OBJECTIVE: To establish an UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of linezolid in human plasma. METHODS: The analytical column was packed with Acquity BEH C18(2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm, Waters). The mobile phase A consisted of water(containing 0.1% formic acid), the mobile phase B consisted of acetonitrile. The analytes were eluted from the column with a linear gradient. The flow rate was 0.4 mL · min^-1. A tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source was used as detector multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) using the precursor to production pairs of m/z 338.2→296.2 (for linezolid) and m/2: 237.1→-194.2(for carbamazepin) were used to quantification. RESULTS: The liner range of linezolid in human plasma was 20-20 000 μg · L (r=0.9979). The limit of detection was 20 μg · L-1. Intra-day and inter-day RSD for assaying the plasma sample of linezolid were both lower than 6.26%, absolute recovery were more than 80%. CONCLUSION: The method is proved to be highly sensitive, selective, and suitable for pharmacokinetic investigations of linezolid.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of pathogenic bacteria/the drug resistance/the correlated risk fators/the prophylaxis control strategy of the severe craniocerebral injury patients combined with intracranial infection .Methods The clinical data of 35 craniocerebral injury patients with intracranial infection were retrospectively analyzed .Results 35 patients′cerebrospinal fluid were separated and 54 pathogenic bacterium had been cultured ,including G+ bacterium(61 .11% ) ,the G - bacteria(33 .33% ) , fungi(5 .56% ) .The pathogenic bacteria showed a higher resistance .The single factor analysis found that the wound itself exists in-fection factors ,the postoperative drainage of incision ,liquorrhoea ,with other basic diseases ,surgery lasted for a long time (>4 h) reoperative ,surgery is placed foreign body is severe craniocerebral trauma combined with intracranial infection were the main rele-vant factors .The total effective rate was 62 .86% ,and the mortality was 11 .43% by the positive therapy .Conclusion G+ bacteria were the main pathogenic bacterium in the severe craniocerebral injury patients combined with intracranial infection .The iatrogenic factors leaded to the increase of the proportion of intracranial infection and the resistance increased year after year .The clinical in-travenous antibiotics combined intrathecal injections were beneficial to control intracranial infection ,shorten the course of treatment and enhance the curative effect .

Objective To observe effects of electro-acupuncture (EA) on the expression of apoptosis related protein B-cell lymphoma/leukemia gene 2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-associated protein X (Bax) in the hippoeampal CA1 region of rats with cerebral infarction,and on their behavior. MethodsAn animal model of cerebral ischemia was established by right side middle cerebral artery occlusion using thread in 48 male,adult Wistar rats,who were then randomly divided equally into an EA group and a control group.Both groups were sub-divided into 1 week,2 weeks and 3 weeks subgroups.The EA group began receiving EA 24h after the occlusion,applied at the Baihui (DU20) and Dazhui (BU14) points,once daily,for one,two or three weeks.The control group was reared conventionally and was not given any special treatment.The rats'learning and memory,motion and neural function were evaluated.The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the CA1 region of the hippocampus on the infarcted side and changes of apoptosis indexes were detected using immunohistochemical techniques.ResultsThe learning,memory,motion and neural function of the EA group rats were better on average than those of the control group at all observation time points.The expression of Bcl-2 protein increased along with reduced expression of Bax protein in the EA group significantly more than among the controls.TUNEL positive cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were reduced significantly in the EA group compared with the control group.ConclusionsBehavioral ability after cerebral infarction can be improved by EA at the Baihui (DU20) and Dazhui (BU14) points.EA can up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulate the expression of Bax and reduce TUNEL positive cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus after cerebral infarction,which might be the mechanism of its neuroprotection.

Objective　To study the occurence, development and regulation of reactive gliosis with astrocyte (Ast) in vitro. Methods　Ast was isolated and cultured in vitro and its model of reactive gliosis was established by scratching the cultured astrocytes. The reactivity and rules of Ast to injury was studied by morphological changes, RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization and imaging analysis. Results　After scratching, the astrocytes showed typical features of reactive gliosis, with the hypertrophic cell body, thickened and lengtheded processes, and enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining. In situ hybridization and RT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of GFAP mRNA was markedly increased. These changes occurred 1 d after scratching and reached the peak 5 to 7 d after injuring. Conclusion　A model of reactive astrogliosis was successfully established in vitro which showed an active reaction to injury. The characteristics of reactive gliosis parallel that seen in vivo.

Aim To investigate the effects of harpagide on cerebral ischemia and the mitochondria mediated Caspase dependent apoptotic signaling pathway in mice.Methods The MCAO was employed to establish MCAO model.When the models were established, the mice were given harpagide (4, 8, 12 mg·kg-1) and edaravone (3.2 mg·kg-1) [0.1 ml·(10 g)-1] by tail vein injection after MCAO immediately.And the model and control mice were given equivalent normal saline by the same way.After MCAO for 6 h, the behavior, volume of cerebral ischemia and pathological changes in the brain were observed.Westernblot was employed to determine the contents of Cyt C in mitochondrion and pro-caspase-3 in endochylema.Results Compared with the model group, harpagide (4, 8, 12 mg·kg-1) could significantly decrease the increased nerve functional score, brain index, brain water content and volume of cerebral ischemia induced by cerebral ischemia.Harpagide (4, 8, 12 mg·kg-1) could reduce the contents of Cyt C in mitochondrion and pro-caspase-3 in endochylema.Conclusion Harpagide may have protective effect on the cerebral ischemia injury in mice, which might be related to the inhibition of the cerebral mitochondria mediated Caspase dependent apoptotic signaling pathway.

AIM: To analyze the difference of endonuclease domain containing 1 (ENDOD1) expression be-tween benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH ) tissues and prostate cancer ( PCa ) tissues and to investigate the effect of ENDOD1 on the biological function of human prostate cancer cells .METHODS: The BPH samples ( n=20 ) and PCa samples (n=21) were processed and analyzed according to the instruction of immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.The mRNA and protein levels of ENDOD 1 in the normal prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer cells were evaluated by RT -qPCR and Western blot , respectively .The recombinant plasmids pCMV-N-Flag-ENDOD1 was constructed and was trans-fected into the human prostate cancer cells .The proliferation , apoptosis , migration and invasion abilities of the prostate cancer cells were evaluated by MTT assay , flow cytometry, Transwell migration and Matrigel invasion assays , respectively. RESULTS:The analysis of variance of the immunoreactivity score showed that PCa tissues with high Gleason score dis -played significantly lower ENDOD1expression than that with low Gleason score and BPH (P<0.05).The expression of ENDOD1 at mRNA and protein levels in PC3 cells and DU145 cells was significantly lower than that in the LNCap cells (P<0.05).The proliferation of DU145 transfected with ENDOD1 was inhibited.The flow cytometry indicated that ENDOD1 over-expression in the DU145 cells resulted in a notable increase in G0/G1 phase arrest (P<0.05), but the ap-optotic rates showed no statistical difference .The results of Transwell assay showed that migration and invasion abilities of the cells were also inhibited after transfection with over-expressing ENDOD1 plasmid (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The expression of ENDOD1 significantly decreased in prostate cancer with high Gleaon score .Meanwhile, the ENDOD1 is spe-cifically down-regulated in androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC) cell lines.Over-expression of ENDOD1 remark-ably inhibits the proliferation , migration and invasion abilities of AIPC .

Objective To explore the efficacy and adverse reaction of nedaplatin (NDP)+gemcitabine (GEM)and cisplatin (DDP)+GEM for advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma.Methods A total of 1 01 cases advanced untreated patients from September 201 2 to December 201 3 were randomly divided into 2 groups using random number table method:69 patients in the observation group accepted NDP+GEM treatment and 32 patients in the control group received DDP +GEMtreatment.The objective response rate (RR),disease control rate (DCR ) and progression-free survival (PFS ) and adverse reaction were collected and evaluated. Results RR was 28.6%(1 8/63)in the observation group and 1 5.6%(5/32)in the control group,DCR was 81 .0%(51/63)in the observation group and 68.8%(22/32)in the control group (χ2 =1 .36,P=0.24;χ2 =1 .67,P=0.20).The median PFS was 4.52 months and 4.01 months in the observation group and control group (χ2 =0.09,P=0.73).The major adverse reaction was myelosuppression in both groups (33.3% vs.37.5%,χ2 =0.1 7,P=0.68).The incidence ofⅢ-Ⅳ grade nausea and vomiting was lower in the observation group, compared with the control group (1 4.5%vs.56.3%,χ2 =1 9.02,P=0.05).Conclusion NDP combined with GEM in advanced lung squamous cell carcinoma of the first-line treatment has equivalent efficacy to DDP+GEM, with lower incidence of adverse reaction,which is worthy of further dissemination of research.

Objective To study the diagnosis and prophylaxis of postoperative infections within 1 month after orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT). Methods Clinical date of 38 consecutive patients who underwent OLT at our institution from 2001 to 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. Result Eighteen patients( 47.4% ) developed twenty-nine times infection after operation .Respiratory tract and peritoneum were the common infectious sites(37.9% and 24.1%). Enterobacter cloacae(8 of 29, 27.6%) , Escherichia coli(7 of 29, 24.1%),staphylococcus aureus(6 of 29, 20.7%) were the commonest bacterial.The mortality of infection was 38.9%(7/18). Identified risk factors for infection including: previous transplantation ; duration of operation; transfusion requirements during surgery; type of biliary anastomosis; delayed restoration of gastrointestinal function and persistent postoperative hyperglucocemia . Perioperative decontamination of the digestive tract had a protective effect. Conclusions Infections are a major cause of death among liver transplant recipients. Reducing risk factors of infection and perioperative decontamination of the digestive tract may decrease the occurrence of postoperative infection.