Objective To explore the effect of functional electrical stimulation combined with treadmill training and botulinum toxin type A injection on foot-drop and strephenopodia among stroke survivors.Methods Sixty-seven stroke survivors with foot-drop and strephenopodia were randomly divided into an electrical stimulation group (n=23),a conventional treatment group (n =22) and a combined treatment group (n =22).All 3 groups received a 400 U injection of BTX-A and electrical stimulation.After 24 hours,the patients in the conventional treatment group received conventional treatment including a brain protection agent,limb function exercises,gait training,balance training and training in the activities of daily living.The patients in the combined treatment group received that conventional treatment,plus functional electrical stimulation and weight loss training on a treadmill.The patients in the electrical stimulation group received functional electrical stimulation treatment supplementing the conventional treatment.Therapeutic effects were evaluated before and after six weeks of treatment using integral electromyography (iEMS) of the anterior tibial muscle and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle,the co-contraction ratio (CR) during ankle dorsiflexion,the modified Ashworth Scale (MAS),the Berg balance scale (BBS),a functional walking score (FAC),and the active range of motion (AROM) of the ankle in dorsiflexion and eversion.Results After the treatment,significant improvement was observed in all three groups in the average iEMS value of the anterior tibial muscle and the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle,the CR in ankle dorsiflexion,and in their MAS,BBS,FAC and AROM results.There was no significant difference among the three groups after treatment in their average iEMS values at the lateral head of the gastrocnemius.The average values of the other indicators were,however,significantly better in the combined treatment group than in the other 2 groups.Conclusion Functional electrical stimulation combined with treadmill training and botulinum toxin type A injection can significantly improve foot-drop,strephenopodia and the walking function of stroke survivors.This combined treatment deserves popularization and application in clinical practice.

Purpose To characterize the middle cerebral artery atherosclerotic plaque and investigate its relationship with infarction patterns by using 3.0T high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI).Materials and Methods Forty-nine patients with intracranial atherosclerosis underwent HRMRI.The characteristics of the plaques of middle cerebral artery were investigated,including morphology,distribution and enhancement.Patients were categorized as two groups (strong/mild and none) according to the strength of plaque enhancement,then clinical data were compared between the two groups and the risk factors were investigated.Acute infarction was classified as three subtypes (single/multiple perforating artery occlusion/arterial embolism) basedon diffusion weighted imaging,and the plaque characteristics of each subtype were investigated.Results Sixty-five plaques were identified in middle cerebral artery of 49 patients,62 plaques (95.4％) were eccentric,31 plaques (50.0％) were located at the ventral wall.Patients with low levels of high-density lipoprotein were significantly more prevalent in strong enhancement group (56.7％ vs.26.3％,P＜0.05).The percentage of strong enhancement plaque in arterial embolism group (88.9％) was significantly higher than non-arterial embolism group (36.4％) (P＜0.05).Conclusion Middle cerebral artery plaque distribution is correlated with ischemic stroke,strong enhancement plaque is associated with its vulnerability.HRMRI can provide information to predict the ischemic event and infarction pattern.

Objective To explore the clinical outcomes of different mild-stimulation in poor ovarian responders in vitro culture/intracytoplasmic injection (IVF/ICSI) to provide the evidence for clinical treatment,and investigate clinical parameters including pre-ovulation rate,rate of oocytes retrieved,fertilization rate,good quality embryo rate,and pregnancy rate per cycle.Methods The clinical date of a total 180 IVF cycles of infertile patients undergone from Jan 2013 to May 2016 in medical reprodution center of Xiang Tan Central Hospital.According to the different methods of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH),the cycles were divided into 3 groups:group A with 60 cycles of early five days using clomiphene,group B with 60 cycles of persistent using clomiphene,and group C with 60 cycles using artificial luteal-phase ovarian stimulation protocol.Results The basic situations in three groups were no significant difference (P ＞0.05).Compared to groups B and C,the pre-ovalution rate was more in group A (P ＜ O.05),and the rate of oocytes retrieved,fertilization rate,good quality embryo rate,and preganacy rate per cycle were higher in groups B and C (P ＜ 0.05).The rate of oocytes retrieved,fertilization rate,good quality embryo rate,and preganacy rate per cycle were no significant difference among gourps B and C.The good quality embryo rate and preganacy rate per cycle in groups B and C were higher than group A,and group B was higher than group A (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Persistent using clomiphene or persistent using clomiphene in COH could decrease the rate of pre-ovalution,and get more rate of oocytes retrieved,good quality embryo rate,and preganacy rate per cycle.

The active copper-containing carbon nanodots were prepared by hydrothermal method, and then characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy.Subsequently, a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensor was fabricated on the basis of this synthesized carbon nanodots with electro-deposition technique.The electrode behavior was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry.Furthermore, the catalysis mechanism was studied.The experimental results indicated that the biosensor exhibited a strong electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of uric acid (UA).What′s more, the interference from ascorbic acid and dopamine was eliminated effectively.Under the optimum conditions, there were linear relationships between the anodic peak current and the concentration of UA (1.00-300.0 μmol/L), and the limit detection was 0.30 μmol/L (S/N=3).The prepared biosensor had advantages such as easy fabrication, strong anti-interference ability, high sensitivity, and wide detection range, and could be used for real sample detection.

Objective To explore and evaluate the implementation process and prelimnary achievements of 4+4 medical education program in Shanghai Jaiotong University School of Medicine. Methods The data of student background,curriculum,exam grades and graduate employment of class 2002 and 2003 were collected and analysed. Results The data showed that this program has enrolled high quality students,teaching hours of key courses of medicine has been reduce to 70%,while the average grades of the comprehensive examination were higher than those of the 5 year students,and the employment prospects for 4+4 program has been optimistic. Conclusion The 4+4 program has achieved preliminary success,and the experiences is beneficial for the further reform of medical educational system.

Animals ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Chromogranin A ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Neuroendocrine Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology

把社区康复纳入社区卫生服务是“人人享有康复服务”的重要保证,而社区卫生服务康复专业人员的规范化上岗培训是提高社区康复服务质量和可持续发展的关键。北京市在社区卫生服务康复专业人员规范化上岗培训方面已取得一定经验,要搞好此项工作,涉及培训的目的和职称、指导思想、师资队伍、培训基地、组织领导等方面的问题。

Through exploring the role of placental endocrine,the relationship between placental endocrine changes and certain disease states,and the relationship between placental endocrine and rational use of drugs commonly used in pregnancy were summarized.Placental hormones play an important role during pregnancy.Placental endocrine abnormality can cause some diseases that may need drug treatment.Besides,some drugs also can affect the placenta endocrine,resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes.Drug safety during pregnancy requires the consideration of the interaction between medicine and placenta endocrine.

OBJECTIVEThis study examined the effect of high concentration of phenylalanine (Phe) on Nogo-66 receptor (NgR) expression in the cortical neurons of rats in vitro in order to investigate whether NgR is involved in the etiology of Phe-induced brain damage.

METHODSNeurons from the cerebral cortex of embryonic rats were cultured for 3 days and then were treated with 0.9 mM Phe. After 12, 24 and 48 hrs of Phe treatment, mRNA and protein expression of NgR was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot respectively. Growth cones and growth axons of neurons were detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry respectively after 12 and 24 hrs of Phe treatment.

RESULTSThe length of growth axons of neurons was significantly shorter after 12 and 24 hrs of Phe treatment compared with the control group without Phe treatment (P<0.05). Growth cones collapse occurred in 12.5+/-9.7% and 24.1+/-4.5% of neurons respectively after 12 and 24 hrs of Phe treatment but only in 3.5+/-1.5% in the control group (P<0.01). The protein level of NgR after 12, 24 and 48 hrs of Phe treatment was up-regulated, with 9.0, 9.4 and 12.6 times as the control. mRNA level of NgR in the Phe treatment group did not differ from control.

CONCLUSIONSHigh concentration of Phe can induce an increased NgR protein expression in cortical neurons, and the increased NgR expression may contribute to the growth cones collapse and the inhibitory activities of axon regeneration after injury.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cerebral Cortex ; chemistry ; drug effects ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; Immunohistochemistry ; Myelin Proteins ; analysis ; genetics ; Nogo Receptor 1 ; Phenylalanine ; pharmacology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; analysis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo assess the therapeutic effect of auricular point taping and pressing therapy on vascular dementia (VD).

METHODSOne hundred and eighty cases of vascular dementia were randomly divided into an auricular point taping and pressing group and a western medicine group, 90 cases in each group. The auricular point taping and pressing group was treated by auricular point taping and pressing at auricular points Shennen, Nao (brain), Shen (kidney), Zhen (pulvinal), and the western medicine group by oral administration of Nimodipine, thrice each day, 30 mg each time. They were treated for 12 weeks. The scores of mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and activities of daily living (ADL), and adverse reaction were observed.

RESULTSThe scores of MMSE before treatment and 12 weeks after treatment were 18.00 +/- 3.88 and 20.83 +/- 3.74 in the auricular point taping and pressing group, and 17.80 +/- 3.82 and 20.70 +/- 3.53 in the western medicine group, respectively, with significant increases in scores of MMSE after treatment in the two groups (both P < 0.01) and with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The scores of ADL before treatment and 12 weeks after treatment were 44.90 +/- 14.84 and 39.60 +/- 12.45 in the auricular point taping and pressing group, and 45.70 +/- 14.86 and 39.10 +/- 13.44 in the western medicine group, respectively, with significant decreases after treatment in the two groups (both P < 0.01) and with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). In the auricular point taping and pressing group, 2 cases withdrew from the test because adhesive plaster allergic reaction induced severe itch of the auricle. In the western medicine group, one case had mild dizziness and another case had diarrhea respectively.

CONCLUSIONAuricular point taping and pressing and Nimodipine have similar therapeutic effect on vascular dementia, and have no obvious adverse reaction, except adhesive plaster allergic reaction.

Acupuncture Points ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Dementia, Vascular ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Ear, External ; drug effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Musculoskeletal Manipulations ; Nimodipine ; therapeutic use