Aim To study the effects of glipizide and metformin on the serum IGF_1,IGF_2 in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus;Methods The effect of glipizide(n=40) and metformin(n=25) on serum IGF_1,IGF_2 in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus were compared with self_ controlled study.Results In metformin_treated patients ,there were not significantly changes in fasting IGF_1 and IGF_2 concentrations,In glipizide_treated patients,there were markedly increased IGF_1 concentrations (181.8?104.5) vs (209.0?88.2) ng?ml-1(P

AimTo study the effects of glipizide and met formin on the serum IGF-1,IGF-2 in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus; Methods The effect of glipizide(n ＝ 40) and metformin(n ＝ 25) on serum IGF-1, IGF-2 in patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus were compared with self- controlled study. Results In metformin-treated patients ,there were not significantly changes in fasting IGF-1 and IGF-2 concentrations, In glipizide-treated patients, there were markedly increased IGF-1 concentrations(181.8+ 104.5) vs (209.0+ 88.2) ng· ml-1(P＜0.05) while serum IGF-2 was not change. There was a significant reduction of blood glucose in two groups at the end of treatment(both P＜0.01), but C-peptide level was markedly increased(P＜0.05) only in glipizide-treatedpatients.Conclusion The changes of IGF-1 is markedly different between metformin-treated and glipizide-treated patients with type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the result of hip arthroplasty for failed internal fixation of femoral neck fractures.

METHODSFrom June 2007 to January 2014, 29 cases who underwent hip arthroplasty for failed of internal fixation of femoral neck fractures were reviewed. There were 12 males and 17 females. The mean age was 60.3 years (ranged 43 to 83 years) at the time of the fracture. Left hip was in 16 cases, right hip was in 13 cases. The average interval from fracture to arthroplasty was 23.3 months (ranged, 3 to 48 months).

RESULTSAll of 29 cases were performed total hip arthroplasty. There were 20 cases of cementless cup,7 cases of cementless cup with bone graft, 2 cases of cemented cup with bone graft; 13 cases of cementless stem, 16 cases of cemented stem. There were no complications occurred such as intraoperative fracture of the greater trochanter. The average operative time was (115 ± 38) minutes,the mean intraoperative blood loss was (420 ± 175) ml, the average postoperative drainage volume (240 ± 119) ml, intraoperative blood transfusion was (200 ± 220) ml, intraoperative fluid volume was (2,200 ± 400) ml, the average postoperative blood transfusion was (300 ± 200) ml. There was 1 case get postoperative dislocation. All patients were followed up for 14.7 months in average (ranged, 5 to 24 months). There was no revision for mechanical failure. Harris Hip Score significantly was improved from 51.1 ± 7.5 before the conversion to 88.5 ± 6.4 points at the final follow-up.

CONCLUSIONThe effect of the hip replacement for patients with failed internal fixation of femoral neck fractures was confirmed. This method can shorten the time on the bed and reduce the complications. It benefits the patients earlier functional recovery, but it must control operation indication. The long term efficacy is necessary to further observation.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Failure

The clinical features of Lophomonas blattarum infection in 26 patients with bacterial pneumonia were analyzed.Common manifestation included fever,cough and breathlessness.Computed tomography(CT)showed interstitial change and alveolar exudation.The parasites were found in sputum smear and from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).Metronidazole was effectively used to cure the pulmonary infection of L.blattarum.

AIM:To analyze the characteristics of optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) in diabetic optic neuropathy ( DON ) retrospectively.
●METHODS:Retrospective study. A total of 175 cases of type ll diabetes with fundus lesions from Dec. 2013 to Dec. 2015 were selected and the clinical information was collected. These cases were diagnosed by consultation between Departments of Ophthalmology and Endocrinology in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiao Tong University. The results of body examination were recorded and cases were examined by color fundus photography, fluorescein fundus angiography ( FFA) and OCT. All these data were analyzed.
●RESULTS: A total of 49 cases ( 90 eyes, 25. 7%) were diagnosed DON through FFA which manifested abnormal fluorescence in optic papilla. Results of OCT showed:among 90 eyes of DON patients, 15 eyes ( 16. 7%) had normal optic nerve form; 20 eyes(22. 2%) of excavation of optic disc became smaller or disappeared, with prelaminar tissue and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) swelling;26 eyes (28. 9%) manifested optic cup deep and cup/disc ratio increasing;18 eyes (20. 0%) had tissue hyperplasia in the hollow or on the surface of optic disc; 11 eyes(12. 3%) had symptoms including vitreous traction optic papilla and optic disc rim rising. DON eyes which had similar fluorescence features could manifest different tissue morph by OCT.
●CONCLUSION: FFA defines DON by change of blood circulation in optic nerve. However, OCT can show differences of tissue morph of optic nerve that FFA fails to do. So OCT can manifest the causes and sites of optic neuropathy more clearly and also provide basis for treatment. The advantages of OCT are conducive to reviews and curative effect tracking among DON patients and these advantages including noninvasive, convenient, inexpensive and repeatable.

Objective To analyze the efficacy of electric sacral neuromdulation and resiniferatoxin in patients with female overactive bladder.Methods 32 cases with IOAB female patients accepted percutaneous test sitmulation of the electric sacral nerves at S3 ,and treated by intravesical instillation with 100ml of 100nmol/L RTX.The effica- cy of voiding status were evaluated.The improvement of female patients life were evaluated comparing the rating of depression and anxiety.Results There were significant improvements in 32 cases in variables included the number of voiding,volume voided and signs every day and urgent uresis.In the rating of depression and anxiety,the patients improved a litter and still had stimulating symptom in urethra and bladder.Conclusion The treatment of IOAB with single administratoon of electric sacral neuromdulation and resiniferatoxin is effective,and can successfully im- prove the symptom with little side effects.

Intervertebral disc degeneration is considered as a primary cause of clinical low back pain, however the molecular mechanism is not clear yet. Recently, researches on the molecular basis of intervertebral disc degeneration have become a hotspot. The special structure and biomechanics properties of the disc contribute to its propensity toward degeneration. Intervertebral disc degeneration is associated with the changes of the cytological behavior,including the increase in cell death and the degradation of extracellular matrix. However, the mechanism of cell death including cell apoptosis and autophagy in intervertebral disc degeneration remains unclear. Further study on the molecular mechanism of intervertebral disc degeneration is the foundation of improving and treating the intervertebral disc degeneration in the future. Although some progresses are made in the aspect of biological study, the biological environment of intervertebral disc itself is still a challenge for the development of biological treatment. This article is to review the latest advance on the biological characteristics of normal intervertebral disc and the cell death in the process of the intervertebral disc degeneration.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Death ; Extracellular Matrix ; metabolism ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; cytology ; metabolism ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; metabolism ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo determine the mechanism of pseudo-tears of the lateral meniscus caused by the transverse geniculate ligament (TL) and the miniscofemoral ligament(MFL) and to investigate a method to differentiate pseudo-tears from true tear of the lateral meniscus.

METHODSForm June 2012 to February 2014, MR examinations of 72 knees (44 left knees and 28 right knees) without tear of the lateral meniscus verified by arthroscopy were performed in the sagittal and coronal plane. There were 41 males and 31 females in the group, with an average age of 33.7 years old (ranged from 25 to 61). The MR appearance of the TL and the MFL was carefully observed.

RESULTSThere existed fatty tissue in the gap between the TL and the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus and its central tendinous attachment. On the sagittal images, the fatty tissue formed a linear high-signal cleft between the TL and the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus. This might be mistaken as an oblique tear within the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus. It was called as pseudo-tears of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus. In sagittal plane, the MFL was identified as a circle-like or short stick-like area of low signal intensity anterior or posterior to the posterior cruciateligament. Nevertheless, a belt-shaped area of low signal intensity from the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to lateral facet of the medial femoral condyle was identified in the coronal plane. A linear area of high signal intensity between the MFL and the lateral meniscus was found in sagittal plane, which might be mistaken as an oblique tear within the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. It was called pseudo-tears of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. The occurrence rate of the TL was 34.7% (25/72). The prevaleribe of pseudo-tears of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus was 18 cases. The shape of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus was regular, and the course of the pseudo-tears cleft was oblique. The occurrence rate of the MFL was 73.6% (53/72), which included the anterior MFL 23.6% (17/72), the posterior MFL 70.8% (51/72) and the two ligaments coexisted 16.7% (12/72). The prevalence of pseudo-tears of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus was 25 cases. All observed pseudo-tears had either in posteroinferiorly oblique direction (19/25) or in vertical direction (6/25).

CONCLUSIONBased on the location and direction of pseudo-tears and observation in the continuous sagittal plane and the coronal plane, pseudo-tears is easily differentiated from the true tear of the lateral meniscus

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Knee Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries

Objective To assess the safety and the curative effect of the combination of minipercutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) and ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) in the treatment of nonhydronephrotic staghorn calculi. Methods The clinical data of 53 eases with non-hydronephrotic staghom calculi treated by mini-PCNL combined with URL were retrospectively analyzed. Results Fifty-three cases (64 renal units) were performed first-stsge operation, 9 renal units were stone free in first-stage operation, 33 renal units were stone free in second-stage operation, other 13 renal units were stone free in third-stage operation. A complete stone clearance rate of 85.9%(55/64) was achieved, and after one to three sessions of mini-PCNL and extracorpereal shock wave lithotripsy afterwards that increased to 95.3% (61/64). Blood transfusion was performed in 3 cases, no major complication was noted in the patients. Conclusions The combination of mini-PCNL and URL has more advantages, less invasions, easier recovery and less complications. It provides a new minimally invasive way for non-hydronephrotic staghorn calculi.

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the effect of neurotrophin p75 receptor (p75NTR)on transmural dispersion repolarization (TDR) of the layers of left ventricular myocytes in rabbits with myocardial infarction (MI).

METHODSForty Japanese rabbits were divided into four groups (n = 10): (1) Sham group, (2) Heald myocardial infarction (HMI) group, (3) p75 NTR activation group, (4) p75 NTR inhibition group. Cardiomyocytes were isolated with enzyme digestion and the currents were recorded by whole-cell patch-clamp technique.

RESULTSCompared with those in the sham group, the duration of 90% action potential repolarization (APD90) and transmural dispersion repolarization of three layers of left ventricular myocytes were obviously raised (P < 0.05). But significant reduction was observed in p75NTR(-) group. Current densities of Ito and I(Ks, tail) in the p75NTR(+) group and HMI group were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), especially in mid myocytes. And no obvious changes were observed in p75NTR(-) group.

CONCLUSIONActivation of p75NTR(+) increases transmural dispersion repolarization, which may lead to the incidence of arrhythmia.

Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; physiopathology ; Heart Ventricles ; physiopathology ; Membrane Potentials ; Myocardial Infarction ; physiopathology ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rabbits ; Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor ; metabolism